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The Honourable
Julia Gillard

MP
27th Prime Minister of Australia
Elections: 2010
Incumbent
Assumed office
24 June 2010
DeputyWayne Swan
Preceded byKevin Rudd
Leader of the Labor Party
Incumbent
Assumed office
24 June 2010
DeputyWayne Swan
Preceded byKevin Rudd
Deputy Prime Minister of Australia
In office
3 December 2007 – 24 June 2010
Prime MinisterKevin Rudd
Preceded byMark Vaile
Succeeded byWayne Swan
Minister for Education
In office
3 December 2007 – 28 June 2010
Prime MinisterKevin Rudd
Preceded byJulie Bishop (Education, Science and Training)
Succeeded bySimon Crean
Minister for Employment and Workplace Relations
In office
3 December 2007 – 28 June 2010
Prime MinisterKevin Rudd
Preceded byJoe Hockey
Succeeded bySimon Crean
Minister for Social Inclusion
In office
3 December 2007 – 28 June 2010
Prime MinisterKevin Rudd
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded bySimon Crean
Member of the Australian Parliament
for Lalor
Incumbent
Assumed office
3 October 1998
Preceded byBarry Jones
Personal details
Born (1961-09-29) 29 September 1961 (age 63)
Barry, United Kingdom
Political partyAustralian Labor Party
Domestic partnerTim Mathieson
ResidenceThe Lodge[1]
Signature
WebsitePrime Minister's website
Parliamentary website
ALP website

Julia Eileen Gillard (born 29 September 1961, pronounced /ˈɡɪlɑrd/[2]) is the 27th and current Prime Minister of Australia since June 2010.

Gillard was elected at the 1998 federal election to the House of Representatives seat of Lalor, Victoria for the Australian Labor Party. Following the 2001 federal election, Gillard was elected to the shadow cabinet with the portfolios of Population and Immigration. The Reconciliation and Indigenous Affairs and the Health portfolios were added in 2003. In December 2006, Kevin Rudd was elected Labor leader and Leader of the Opposition, with Gillard as deputy leader.[3]

Gillard became the Deputy Prime Minister upon Labor's victory in the 2007 federal election, also serving as Minister for Education, Employment and Workplace Relations. On 24 June 2010, after Rudd lost the support of his party and stood aside, Gillard became federal leader of the Australian Labor Party and thus the Prime Minister,[4] the first female holder of the office.

The 2010 federal election saw the incumbent Gillard Labor government elected to a second term over the Tony Abbott-led Coalition opposition, forming a minority government with support of an Australian Greens MP and three independent MPs.[5][6]

Early life

Gillard was born in 1961 in Barry, Vale of Glamorgan, Wales.[3] After she suffered from bronchopneumonia as a child, her parents were advised it would aid her recovery if they were to live in a warmer climate.[7] The family migrated to Australia in 1966, settling in Adelaide.[8] Her parents, John and Moira, live in Pasadena, South Australia.[9] She has a sister, Alison, who is three years older.[7]

Gillard's father worked as a psychiatric nurse, while her mother worked at the local Salvation Army nursing home.[7] She and her sister attended Mitcham Demonstration School, and Julia went on to attend Unley High School.[10] She then studied at the University of Adelaide but cut short her courses in 1982 and moved to Melbourne to work with the Australian Union of Students.[11] She graduated from the University of Melbourne with Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Laws degrees in 1986.[12]

In 1987, Gillard joined the law firm Slater & Gordon at Werribee, Melbourne, working in industrial law.[13] In 1990, at the age of 29, she was admitted as a partner.[14]

Political provenance

Introduced to politics in her second year at the University of Adelaide by the daughter of a State Labor Minister, Gillard joined the Labor Club and became involved in a campaign to fight federal education budget cuts.[7][8]

After moving to Melbourne, in 1983 Gillard became the second woman to lead the Australian Union of Students. She was also formerly the secretary of the left-wing organisation, Socialist Forum.[15]

From 1996 to 1998, Gillard served as Chief of Staff to John Brumby, at that time the Victorian opposition leader.[3] She was responsible for drafting the affirmative action rules within the Labor Party in Victoria that set the target of preselecting women for 35 per cent of "winnable seats".[16][8] She also played a role in the foundation of EMILY's List, the pro-choice fund-raising and support network for Labor women.[17]

The Welsh Labour politician Aneurin "Nye" Bevan remains one of her political heroes.[14]

Opposition member

Gillard was elected as Member for Lalor, a safe Labor seat near Melbourne, in the House of Representatives at the 1998 election, replacing Barry Jones, who had retired. She made her first speech to the house on 11 November 1998.[18]

Shadow Minister for Population and Immigration: 2001–2003

After Labor's defeat at the 2001 election, Gillard was elected to the shadow cabinet, with the portfolio of population and immigration. In February 2003, she was given the additional portfolios of reconciliation and Indigenous affairs.[19]

In the wake of the Tampa and Children Overboard affairs, which were partly credited with Labor's 2001 election loss, Gillard developed a new immigration policy for the Labor Party.[8]

Shadow Minister for Health: 2003–2006

Gillard in 2005

Gillard was promoted to the position of Shadow Health Minister in July 2003.[20] Shortly after this, the government moved Workplace Relations Minister Tony Abbott to the health portfolio.[21] The rivalry between Abbott and Gillard often attracted attention from the media. She gained additional responsibility for managing opposition business in the House of Representatives.[22]

In the aftermath of the Labor loss at the October 2004 election, it was speculated that Gillard might challenge Jenny Macklin for the deputy leadership, but she did not do so.[23]

Gillard had been spoken of as a potential future leader of the party for some years but, until 2005, she stayed out of leadership contests. After Mark Latham resigned as leader in January 2005, however, she emerged as a possible successor along with Kim Beazley and Kevin Rudd.

After appearing on the ABC's Australian Story program in March 2006,[7][24] an Ipsos Mackay poll in April 2006, conducted for Network Ten's Meet the Press program, found that respondents would prefer Gillard to be Labor leader. She polled 32% compared with Beazley's 25% and Kevin Rudd's 18%.[25]

Julia Gillard at her first press conference as Deputy Leader of the Australian Labor Party, 4 December 2006, with new Leader Kevin Rudd

Although she had significant cross-factional support, she announced on 25 January 2005 that she would not contest the leadership, allowing Beazley to be elected unopposed.[26]

Deputy Leader of the Opposition

On 1 December 2006, in a cross-factional political partnership with Kevin Rudd, Gillard launched a challenge for the deputy leadership of the ALP.[27] Once Rudd was elected as leader, the incumbent deputy leader and Kim Beazley's deputy, Jenny Macklin, chose not to contest the position and on 4 December 2006 she was elected unopposed.[28] In the frontbench reshuffle following the leadership change, Gillard was allocated the Employment, Workplace Relations and Social Inclusion portfolios.[29]

Deputy Prime Minister: 2007–2010

Gillard with United States Ambassador Jeff Bleich in November 2009

The Labor Party won the 2007 federal election and, on 3 December 2007, Gillard was sworn in as the first female Deputy Prime Minister of Australia.[30]

In addition to the deputy prime ministership, Gillard was given responsibility for a so-called "super ministry", the Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations. She had three distinct portfolios: Minister for Education; Minister for Employment and Workplace Relations; and Minister for Social Inclusion. In her role as Minister for Education, Gillard travelled to Washington, DC, where she signed a deal with the US Secretary of Education, Arne Duncan, to enourage improved policy collaboration in education reform between both countries.[31]

On 11 December 2007 she became the first woman in Australia's history to be in the prime ministerial role, by assuming the role of acting prime minister while Kevin Rudd attended the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Bali.[32] In the first year of government, she served as acting prime minister for 69 days during Rudd's overseas travel engagements.[33]

Gillard is a highly regarded debater, and her performances during parliamentary question time have prompted Peter van Onselen to call her "the best parliamentary performer on the Labor side".[34]

Minister for Education, Employment and Workplace Relations

Gillard removed the WorkChoices industrial relations regime introduced by the Howard government, and replaced it with the Fair Work Bill.[35] This established a single industrial relations bureaucracy called Fair Work Australia.[36]

In 2009 Gillard oversaw the government's "Building the Education Revolution" program, which allocated AU$16 billion to build new school accommodation including classrooms, libraries and assembly halls.[37][38]

Prime Minister

Gillard with Bleich in June 2010
Main article: Gillard Government

On 23 June 2010, after meetings throughout the evening between Gillard and Prime Minister Kevin Rudd, as well as factional leaders, Rudd addressed the waiting media at 10:30 pm AEST and announced that Gillard had asked him to hold a leadership ballot in the 115-member caucus the following day to determine the leadership of the Labor Party and hence the prime ministership of Australia.[39]

Rudd initially said he would challenge Gillard at the caucus. However, it soon became apparent that he didn't have enough support to fend off Gillard's challenge. Hours before the vote, he stood aside as leader and ended his candidacy, leaving Gillard to take the leadership unopposed. At the same caucus meeting, Treasurer Wayne Swan was elected unopposed to succeed Gillard as Labor's deputy leader, and hence Deputy Prime Minister.[40]

Shortly afterward, Gillard was sworn in as the 27th Prime Minister of Australia by the Governor-General, Quentin Bryce, and Wayne Swan was sworn in as her deputy. The other members of Kevin Rudd's ministry, except Rudd himself, became the remaining members of the First Gillard Ministry.

Later that day, in her first press conference as Prime Minister, she said that at times the Rudd Government "went off the tracks", and "I came to the view that a good Government was losing its way".[41] She also said that she wouldn't move into The Lodge unless she was elected Prime Minister in her own right, preferring to divide her time between a flat in Canberra and her home in Altona, a western suburb of Melbourne.[42] She eventually moved into The Lodge on 26 September 2010.[1]

As well as being the first woman and the first who has never been married, Gillard is the first Prime Minister since Billy Hughes (1915–1923) to have been born overseas.[40]

In the aftermath of the leadership challenge, Bill Shorten, former trade union leader, and key Parliamentary member of the ALP Right Faction, nominated the government's handling of the insulation program; the sudden announcement of change of policy on the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme; and the way in which they had "introduced the debate" about the Resource Super Profits Tax as the key considerations which had led to a shift in support from Kevin Rudd to Julia Gillard as leader of the party.[43]

War in Afghanistan

Gillard with General David Petraeus, the commander of the International Security Assistance Force, during a visit to Afghanistan on 2 October 2010

During her first day as Prime Minister, Gillard reassured U.S. President Barack Obama of Australia's continuing support for the military campaign in Afghanistan.[44] She visited Afghanistan on 2 October 2010 and met with Australian forces in Tarin Kowt and President Hamid Karzai in Kabul. The visit formed part of her first overseas trip as prime minister.[45]

Election 2010

Main article: Australian federal election, 2010

On 17 July 2010 (23 days after becoming prime minister) Gillard announced a federal election would be held on 21 August 2010.[46]

Labor and the Coalition each won 72 seats[nb 1] in the 150-seat House of Representatives,[47] four short of the requirement for majority government, resulting in the first hung parliament since the 1940 election.[48][49] Both major party leaders sought to form a minority government.[50][51][52][53][54][55]

Six crossbench MPs held the balance of power.[56][57] Four crossbench MPs, Greens Adam Bandt and independents Andrew Wilkie, Rob Oakeshott and Tony Windsor declared their support for Labor on confidence and supply,[58][59] allowing Gillard and Labor to remain in power with a 76-74 minority government.[60] Governor-General Bryce swore in the Second Gillard Ministry on 14 September 2010.[61]

Domestic policies

Health

Like her predecessor Rudd, Gillard maintained health as a priority in her agenda. She had announced that if re-elected at the 2010 election, there would be an increase of 270 placements for emergency doctors and nurses and 3,000 extra nursing scholarships over the following 10 years.[62] She also said mental health would be a priority in her second term, with a $277 million suicide-prevention package which would target high-risk groups.[63]

Immigration

Gillard has taken a tougher stance on asylum seekers, with plans of establishing a process centre to be possibly located in East Timor.[64] Although East Timor's parliament has voted down the plan, East Timor's President Jose Ramos-Horta, has said that he is open to the idea for a process centre.

Education

When she became Prime Minister, she gave her Education portfolio to Simon Crean. She has promised to "make education central to my economic agenda."[65] She has also made a promise if re-elected, she is offering to extend tax-cuts to parents to help pay for school uniforms for people struggling to cover the costs of education.[66]

Climate change

Gillard has unveiled her climate change plans in Brisbane. It includes a 150-person citizens assembly to work on a consensus for climate change[67] and a crackdown on dirty power plants, a $1 billion investment into greening the electricity grid and also further investment into green technology.[68] A $2000 subsidy for cashing in old cars was also announced to reduce pollution.[69] Reaction to this by Australian businesses has been positive.[70]

On 7 October 2010 Gillard announced that her pre-election promise to create a citizens' assembly to investigate climate change would not proceed, but the government would instead seek guidance from a parliamentary committee advised by experts on climate change.[71]

Political positions

Although nominally a member of the Victorian Left faction of the Labor Party,[72] her election to Prime Minister occurred because of support from the Right factions of the party, with the hard Left planning to support Rudd in the Caucus vote had there actually been one.[73] Analyses of Jacqueline Kent's 2009 biography of Gillard suggest that her membership in the Left faction is "more organisational than ideological".[13][72] In July 2010, historian Ross Fitzgerald said, "... at least since last year Gillard has sought to reposition herself more towards the Labor Right."[74]

On population policy, Gillard is against a "big Australia", as opposed to predecessor Kevin Rudd who was in favour of population growth.[75] She emphasises the need for sustainability, saying "Australia should not hurtle down the track towards a big population".[75][76] She supports Australia becoming a republic and has suggested that the end of Queen Elizabeth II's reign would be "probably the appropriate point for a transition".[77]

Gillard has expressed a pro-choice position on abortion saying that "Women without money would be left without that choice or in the hands of backyard abortion providers" and that she understood "the various moral positions" regarding abortions.[78]

Gillard has made clear she does not support the legalisation of gay marriage,[79] saying that she believes "the Marriage Act is appropriate in its current form, that is recognising that marriage is between a man and a woman".

Personal life and views

Gillard's partner since 2006[80] is Tim Mathieson.[81] She had previous relationships with union officials Michael O'Connor and Bruce Wilson and fellow Federal Labor MP Craig Emerson.[82] She has never married and has no children.[83][84]

Gillard was brought up in the Baptist tradition, but is not religious. In a 2010 interview when asked if she believed in God, Gillard stated: "No I don't ... I'm not a religious person ... [I'm] a great respecter of religious beliefs but they're not my beliefs."[85][86]

She owns a home in the south western Melbourne suburb of Altona[87] and is a public supporter of the Western Bulldogs Australian football club.[88]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The National Party of Western Australia is not a part of the Liberal/National Coalition. Therefore, its figures, including MP Tony Crook, are counted separately from the Coalition totals. See Australian federal election, 2010 for more details.

References

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  52. ^ ABC News Online. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 3 September 2010 Independents stand firm in face of fear campaign http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/09/03/3002314.htm Independents stand firm in face of fear campaign. {{cite news}}: Check |url= value (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
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  87. ^ Wright, Tony (2 January 2008). "Forget Canberra, Altona has become the new heart of the nation". The Age. Melbourne: Fairfax. Retrieved 5 October 2008.
  88. ^ McNicol, Adam (24 June 2010). "Dogs celebrate fan Gillard's ascension to PM". afl.com.au. Retrieved 25 June 2010.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Julia Gillard.
Parliament of Australia
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Lalor
1998–present 		Incumbent
Party political offices
Preceded by Deputy Leader of the Labor Party
2006–2010 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Leader of the Labor Party
2010–present 		Incumbent
Political offices
Preceded by Deputy Prime Minister of Australia
2007–2010 		Succeeded by
Preceded byas Minister for Education, Science and Training Minister for Education
2007–2010 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister for Employment and Workplace Relations
2007–2010
New office Minister for Social Inclusion
2007–2010
Preceded by Prime Minister of Australia
2010–present 		Incumbent

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