Jump to content

Andrea Iannone

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by 84.63.16.6 (talk) at 10:20, 25 September 2024. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Andrea Iannone
NationalityItalian
Born (1989-08-09) 9 August 1989 (age 35)[1]
Vasto, Italy
Current teamTeam GoEleven
Bike number29
Motorcycle racing career statistics
MotoGP World Championship
Active years20132019
ManufacturersDucati, Suzuki, Aprilia
Championships0
2019 championship position16th (43 pts)
Starts Wins Podiums Poles F. laps Points
118 1 11 2 3 705
Moto2 World Championship
Active years20102012
ManufacturersSpeed Up, Suter
Championships0
2012 championship position3rd (194 pts)
Starts Wins Podiums Poles F. laps Points
51 8 19 5 13 570
125cc World Championship
Active years20052009
ManufacturersAprilia
Championships0
2009 championship position7th (125.5 pts)
Starts Wins Podiums Poles F. laps Points
77 4 5 3 1 292.5
Superbike World Championship
Active years2024
ManufacturersDucati
Starts Wins Podiums Poles F. laps Points
0 0 3 0 0 0

Andrea Iannone (born 9 August 1989) is an Italian professional motorcycle racer who competes in the Superbike World Championship since 2024 and competed in the MotoGP World Championship from 2013 to 2019.

Iannone returns to competition after serving a four-year ban for doping from 17 December 2019. He was initially given an 18-month ban by FIM and WADA which, after a failed appeal, was extended to four years by the Court of Arbitration for Sport.[2] He has aspirations to return to racing in 2024,[3][4] and has been contracted to race for satellite Ducati organisation Team GoEleven in World Superbikes,[5] with his first official test at Jerez, Spain, in late October/early November 2023.

After winning four races in 125 cc World Championship and finishing 7th overall in 2009 Iannone made the move to Moto2 World Championship in 2010. A further eight race wins and three consecutive third-place finishes followed in Moto2. And then Iannone made the move up to MotoGP in 2013 with Pramac Racing on a satellite Ducati. After spending two seasons with Pramac, Iannone was moved up to the Factory Ducati Team in 2015. In 2015 Iannone managed to get three podiums, a Pole Position and what proved to be his best ever championship position and points tally of 5th and 188. A further four podiums and a Pole Position followed in 2016 including a maiden MotoGP win in Austria. After the arrival of triple MotoGP World Champion Jorge Lorenzo to Ducati Iannone made the move to Suzuki for 2017. After a difficult first season without a podium Iannone managed to get further four podium finishes with Suzuki in 2018.

Early life

Iannone was born in the Adriatic coastal town of Vasto, on 9 August 1989. His interest in bikes came at a very early age with mini motos. Iannone has one older brother.

Career

125cc World Championship

Iannone at the 2009 Catalan Grand Prix

Born in Vasto, Province of Chieti, Iannone started his career on pocket bikes and soon became a championship front runner. He participated in both the Italian and Spanish championships before moving to World Championship in 2005. On 4 May 2008, Iannone claimed his first win at the Chinese Grand Prix in Shanghai, in wet conditions. Prior to the victory, he had never finished higher than ninth, at the Turkish and French Grands Prix in 2007, although he had previously qualified as high as seventh. In the 2009 125 cc season he won the first two races of the season, establishing himself as a championship contender, however he faded to seventh overall, with only one more win. During the race at Misano, Iannone provoked an accident with Pol Espargaró. After the incident, images showed the riders arguing in the gravel and Iannone headbutted Espargaró. This was heavily criticised by the media and lost Iannone some sponsorship; Iannone then apologised to Espargaró at the next race at Estoril.[6]

Moto2 World Championship

In 2010, Iannone moved up to the new Moto2 series, his first time riding anything other than an Aprilia. After a slow start he took victories at Mugello and Assen – both from pole – making him the first rider to take two poles in the class,[7] to move up to fourth overall in the standings.[8] He was also competitive in Barcelona, but received a ride-through penalty for overtaking Yuki Takahashi under yellow flag conditions.[9] He then went on to win again at Motorland Aragón, a track which was new to the MotoGP calendar in 2010.

Iannone at the 2011 Czech Republic Grand Prix

2011 proved to be a very up and down season for Iannone, with inconsistency being his major downfall. Whilst being the only other rider besides Stefan Bradl and Marc Márquez to win more than one race, he would often find himself qualifying well outside the top 10, but finished the season in third place after beating Alex de Angelis in the final race of the season in Valencia. On the Tuesday following the race, Iannone tested a MotoGP bike for Gresini Racing in Valencia.[10]

Iannone remained in the class for the 2012 season, finishing second in the season-opening Qatar Grand Prix, having led the race out of the final corner and losing out to the straight line speed of Marc Márquez's bike.[11] He finished fourteenth, fifth and fourth over the next three races, before taking his first victory of the season in the Catalan Grand Prix.[12] He went on to get another podium at Assen. After this, he won his home race at Mugello wearing the colours of a nearby fire station.

MotoGP World Championship

Pramac Racing (2013–2014)

Iannone at the 2013 British Grand Prix

In 2013, after another third place in the Moto2 championship, Iannone moved up into MotoGP on a Ducati Desmosedici with Pramac Racing. He finished the season in twelfth place with five top-ten finishes. His best result was an eighth place at the Australian Grand Prix at Phillip Island, but the second part of his season was affected by a shoulder injury suffered during free practice at the German Grand Prix. The injury also forced him to miss the United States Grand Prix at Laguna Seca.[13]

In 2014 he continued to race with Pramac Racing, with teammate Yonny Hernández.

Ducati Team (2015–2016)

For the 2015 season, Iannone replaced Cal Crutchlow at Ducati Corse, and partnered Andrea Dovizioso. Iannone achieved his first MotoGP podium on his Ducati début, finishing third in Qatar.[14] At Austin, he finished in fifth place behind Jorge Lorenzo, and also recorded the first fastest lap of his MotoGP career. Iannone was on course for a second podium in Argentina, but was passed for third on the final lap, by Crutchlow.[15] At Phillip Island, Iannone was involved in a lengthy four-way battle for first with three former world champions, Lorenzo, Marc Márquez, and Valentino Rossi. He finished third after overtaking Rossi on the final lap with three corners remaining.

Ducati kept their line up for 2016 and he began the season well, leading at Losail for 6 laps before low-siding, allowing his teammate to overtake. The following Grand Prix in Argentina saw Iannone in 3rd before attempting a last lap overtake of his teammate Dovizioso, resulting in both riders falling. Iannone was penalised by Race Direction with a penalty point and three grid places at the next round in Austin.[16] Despite these punishments, Iannone finished his first race of the season on the podium with 3rd place, behind winner Marc Márquez and Jorge Lorenzo, ending his run of four consecutive race retirements starting at the previous years Malaysian Grand Prix. He scored points in Spain, retired in France before scoring the fastest lap en route to 3rd at his home race at Mugello. He raced aggressively at Catalunya, and eliminated Lorenzo who was running in 5th place, giving winner Marquez a 10-point championship lead.

Iannone scored points at the Dutch TT and Germany, before his best race weekend of the season and of his career so far in Austria. His pace was evident throughout the weekend as he finished in the top two of every session apart from the first practice session, in which he was third. He started the race from pole position and although he briefly lost the lead at the end of lap one, he regained it before his teammate took it from him and led between laps 10 and 20. Iannone took the lead again and led until the finish winning from his teammate by 0.938 seconds whilst also claiming another fastest lap. It was Ducati's first MotoGP win since 2010 and Iannone's first MotoGP win, and to date is his only win. He finished 8th in Brno and then came the British round of the championship. At Silverstone, he qualified on the third row in 8th place and fought his way through the field. Around the halfway mark of the race, he began to have fatigue in his right forearm which made the bike difficult to control. He arrived at turn 17 on lap 14, turned late, hit a bump, and crashed out.[17]

At the San Marino Grand Prix, Iannone had a low-side crash at the fast turn 15, he appeared unharmed but checks revealed he had fractured his T3 vertebrae which ruled him out of the rest of the weekend.[18][19] He took part in practice 1 at the following race two weeks later in Aragon after being cleared to race, but was still having pain so decided to withdraw from the race weekend. He still wasn't 100% fit to race in both Japan and Australia. In total he missed four races and returned in Malaysia where he crashed out from 3rd on lap 12. It was the fourth time he had retired from a podium position in 2016. He finished the year strongly with a podium in his final race for Ducati. He showed pace throughout the season but lacked consistency and even with missing four races, he finished 9th in standings with 112 points.

Team Suzuki Ecstar (2017–2018)

On 19 May 2016, Team Suzuki Ecstar announced that Iannone had signed with the outfit for 2 seasons as a factory rider.[20] Iannone paired at Suzuki with MotoGP rookie Álex Rins. Iannone finished the season with 70 points, 13th in the championship and ahead of his teammate. In 2018, Iannone nearly doubled his points tally to 133 with 4 podium finishes, however it was only sufficient for 10th place in the championship in a tight mid-field battle.

In 2018, ahead of his home Italian Grand Prix, Iannone announced that he and Suzuki would part ways at the end of the season.[21]

Aprilia Racing Team Gresini (2019)

During the 2018 season, Iannone signed with the Aprilia factory-supported Aprilia Racing Team Gresini on a 2-year deal partnering incumbent rider Aleix Espargaró.[22] Iannone finished his debut season with Aprilia with 43 points in 16th place in the riders' championship, outscored by teammate Espargaró.

Doping ban

In December 2019, Iannone was provisionally suspended from motorcycle racing after a positive drug test.[23] He was later retroactively disqualified from the final two rounds of the 2019 season and handed a retroactive 18-month ban in March 2020.[24] He was initially replaced by Bradley Smith as he awaited his appeal,[25] and later by Lorenzo Savadori.[26]

On 10 November 2020 Iannone was sentenced a four-year ban after losing his appeal. The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) handed the Italian a four-year suspension after being found guilty of violating World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) regulations on the prohibited substance Drostanolone. Iannone claimed an unintentional violation as result of unknowingly eating contaminated meat in Malaysia and a "lack of incentive to dope", but the CAS found his arguments "were insufficient to establish, on a balance of probability that [his violation] was not intentional". The CAS decision superseded the 18-month ban initially applied by the FIM International Disciplinary Court with the four-year ban appealed by WADA.[27][2]

Superbike World Championship

Team GoEleven (2024)

Iannone has officially joined Team GoEleven to compete in the 2024 Superbike World Championship, riding a Ducati Panigale V4 R. He will return to competition after a four-year absence, following a ban dating from 2019, due to a doping violation.[28] He completed his first official test, allowed whilst still technically under the ban, at Jerez in late October/early November, stating that his arms were out-of-condition.[29][30]

Nicknames

The first notable nickname Iannone had was during the 2010 Misano Circuit Moto2 race where he wore a helmet inspired by the Incredible Hulk. The writing on the back of the helmet read "The Incredible Iannhulk". In 2011, Iannone sported the nickname "Crazy Joe" on the back of his leathers, a nickname his friends had given him - he is called this because of his aggressive racing manoeuvres. In 2012, "Crazy Joe" had changed to "The Maniac Joe" to emphasize the first nickname even further. At Mugello, Iannone used the colour scheme of a nearby fire station and for that race alone gained the nickname "Joe the Firefighter".

During his latter years of motorcycle racing he was known as "The Maniac".[31][32][33]

Career statistics

Grand Prix motorcycle racing

By season

Season Class Motocycle Type Team Race Win Podium Pole FLap Pts Plcd
2005 125cc Aprilia Aprilia RS 125 Abruzzo Racing Team 16 0 0 0 0 20 20th
2006 125cc Aprilia Aprilia RS 125 TicinoHosting Campetella Junior Team 11 0 0 0 0 15 22nd
2007 125cc Aprilia Aprilia RS 125 WTR Blauer USA 17 0 0 0 0 26 20th
2008 125cc Aprilia Aprilia RSV 125 I.C. Team 17 1 1 1 0 106 10th
2009 125cc Aprilia Aprilia RSA 125 Ongetta Team I.S.P.A 16 3 4 2 1 125.5 7th
2010 Moto2 Speed Up FTR Moto M210 Fimco Speed Up 17 3 8 5 6 199 3rd
2011 Moto2 Suter Suter MMXI Speed Master 17 3 6 0 7 177 3rd
2012 Moto2 Speed Up Speed Up S12 Speed Master 17 2 5 0 0 194 3rd
2013 MotoGP Ducati Ducati GP13 Pramac Racing 16 0 0 0 0 57 12th
2014 MotoGP Ducati Ducati GP14 Pramac Racing 17 0 0 0 0 102 10th
2015 MotoGP Ducati Ducati GP15 Ducati Team 18 0 3 1 1 188 5th
2016 MotoGP Ducati Ducati GP16 Ducati Team 14 1 4 1 2 112 9th
2017 MotoGP Suzuki Suzuki GSX-RR Team Suzuki Ecstar 18 0 0 0 0 70 13th
2018 MotoGP Suzuki Suzuki GSX-RR Team Suzuki Ecstar 18 0 4 0 0 133 10th
2019 MotoGP Aprilia Aprilia RS-GP Aprilla Racing Team Gresini 17 0 0 0 0 43 16th
Total 246 13 35 10 17 1567.5

By class

Class Seasons 1st GP 1st Pod 1st Win Race Win Podiums Pole FLap Pts WChmp
125cc 2005–2009 2005 Spain 2008 China 2008 China 77 4 5 3 1 292.5 0
Moto2 2010–2012 2010 Qatar 2010 Italy 2010 Italy 51 8 19 5 13 570 0
MotoGP 2013–2019 2013 Qatar 2015 Qatar 2016 Austria 118 1 11 2 3 705 0
Total 2005–2019 246 13 35 10 17 1567.5 0

Races by year

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position, races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year Class Bike 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Pos Pts
2005 125cc Aprilia SPA
21
POR
26
CHN
18
FRA
23
ITA
16
CAT
11
NED
26
GBR
Ret
GER
Ret
CZE
11
JPN
13
MAL
18
QAT
19
AUS
Ret
TUR
10
VAL
15
20th 20
2006 125cc Aprilia SPA
15
QAT
13
TUR
15
CHN
13
FRA
9
ITA
DSQ
CAT
17
NED
Ret
GBR
17
GER
24
CZE MAL
Ret
AUS JPN POR VAL 22nd 15
2007 125cc Aprilia QAT
15
SPA
12
TUR
9
CHN
11
FRA
Ret
ITA
Ret
CAT
17
GBR
15
NED
20
GER
24
CZE
Ret
RSM
14
POR
18
JPN
10
AUS
20
MAL
18
VAL
20
20th 26
2008 125cc Aprilia QAT
14
SPA
18
POR
11
CHN
1
FRA
5
ITA
12
CAT
Ret
GBR
Ret
NED
8
GER
11
CZE
9
RSM
6
INP
Ret
JPN
Ret
AUS
4
MAL
10
VAL
6
10th 106
2009 125cc Aprilia QAT
1
JPN
1
SPA
19
FRA
7
ITA
Ret
CAT
1
NED
4
GER
7
GBR
Ret
CZE
3
INP
Ret
RSM
Ret
POR
Ret
AUS
8
MAL
8
VAL
Ret
7th 125.5
2010 Moto2 Speed Up QAT
19
SPA
Ret
FRA
4
ITA
1
GBR
12
NED
1
CAT
13
GER
2
CZE
3
INP
4
RSM
Ret
ARA
1
JPN
13
MAL
3
AUS
3
POR
21
VAL
2
3rd 199
2011 Moto2 Suter QAT
2
SPA
1
POR
13
FRA
Ret
CAT
15
GBR
16
NED
12
ITA
5
GER
14
CZE
1
INP
11
RSM
3
ARA
2
JPN
1
AUS
8
MAL
9
VAL
11
3rd 177
2012 Moto2 Speed Up QAT
2
SPA
14
POR
5
FRA
4
CAT
1
GBR
4
NED
2
GER
16
ITA
1
INP
9
CZE
4
RSM
3
ARA
4
JPN
17
MAL
5
AUS
Ret
VAL
11
3rd 194
2013 MotoGP Ducati QAT
9
AME
10
SPA
Ret
FRA
11
ITA
13
CAT
Ret
NED
13
GER
DNS
USA INP
11
CZE
9
GBR
11
RSM
Ret
ARA
10
MAL
Ret
AUS
8
JPN
14
VAL
Ret
12th 57
2014 MotoGP Ducati QAT
10
AME
7
ARG
6
SPA
Ret
FRA
Ret
ITA
7
CAT
9
NED
6
GER
5
INP
Ret
CZE
5
GBR
8
RSM
5
ARA
Ret
JPN
6
AUS
Ret
MAL
DNS
VAL
22
10th 102
2015 MotoGP Ducati QAT
3
AME
5
ARG
4
SPA
6
FRA
5
ITA
2
CAT
4
NED
4
GER
5
INP
5
CZE
4
GBR
8
RSM
7
ARA
4
JPN
Ret
AUS
3
MAL
Ret
VAL
Ret
5th 188
2016 MotoGP Ducati QAT
Ret
ARG
Ret
AME
3
SPA
7
FRA
Ret
ITA
3
CAT
Ret
NED
5
GER
5
AUT
1
CZE
8
GBR
Ret
RSM
DNS
ARA
WD
JPN AUS MAL
Ret
VAL
3
9th 112
2017 MotoGP Suzuki QAT
Ret
ARG
16
AME
7
SPA
Ret
FRA
10
ITA
10
CAT
16
NED
9
GER
Ret
CZE
19
AUT
11
GBR
Ret
RSM
Ret
ARA
12
JPN
4
AUS
6
MAL
17
VAL
6
13th 70
2018 MotoGP Suzuki QAT
9
ARG
8
AME
3
SPA
3
FRA
Ret
ITA
4
CAT
10
NED
11
GER
12
CZE
10
AUT
13
GBR
C
RSM
8
ARA
3
THA
11
JPN
Ret
AUS
2
MAL
Ret
VAL
Ret
10th 133
2019 MotoGP Aprilia QAT
14
ARG
17
AME
12
SPA
DNS
FRA
Ret
ITA
15
CAT
11
NED
10
GER
13
CZE
17
AUT
16
GBR
10
RSM
DNS
ARA
11
THA
15
JPN
Ret
AUS
6
MAL
DSQ
VAL
DSQ
16th 43

Superbike World Championship

By season

Season Motorcycle Team Race Win Podium Pole FLap Pts Plcd
2024 Ducati Panigale V4 R Team GoEleven 24 0 3 0 0 144 8th*
Total 24 0 3 0 0 144

Races by year

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year Bike 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Pos Pts
R1 SR R2 R1 SR R2 R1 SR R2 R1 SR R2 R1 SR R2 R1 SR R2 R1 SR R2 R1 SR R2 R1 SR R2 R1 SR R2 R1 SR R2 R1 SR R2
2024 Ducati AUS
3
AUS
14
AUS
4
BAR
4
BAR
2
BAR
Ret
NED
Ret
NED
15
NED
4
MIS
7
MIS
5
MIS
11
GBR
11
GBR
7
GBR
Ret
CZE
3
CZE
7
CZE
8
POR
Ret
POR
9
POR
4
FRA
5
FRA
11
FRA
12
ITA ITA ITA ARA ARA ARA EST EST EST SPA SPA SPA 8th* 144*

References

  1. ^ "Andrea Iannone". MotoGP.com. Dorna Sports. Archived from the original on 10 July 2017. Retrieved 2 January 2015.
  2. ^ a b "Andrea Iannone receives four-year ban after losing appeal". MotoGP.com. Dorna Sports. 10 November 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  3. ^ "Being able to race in WorldSBK in 2024 would be very nice" – Andrea Iannone worldsbk.com, 6 June 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2023
  4. ^ 'Maybe one day' we will see Andrea Iannone in World Superbikes bikesportnews.com, 6 June 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2023
  5. ^ THE MANIAC IS BACK: Iannone with Team GoEleven in WorldSBK for 2024 return worldsbk.com, 18 October 2023. Retrieved 19 October 2023
  6. ^ "Iannone offers apology to Espargaro". motogp.com. Dorna Sports. 4 July 2009. Retrieved 17 August 2010.
  7. ^ "First double pole by Iannone at Assen". crash.net. Crash Media Group. 25 June 2010. Retrieved 27 June 2010.
  8. ^ "Another Iannone runaway at Assen". crash.net. Crash Media Group. 26 June 2010. Retrieved 27 June 2010.
  9. ^ O'Leary, Jamie (4 July 2010). "Takahashi takes maiden victory". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Retrieved 4 July 2010.
  10. ^ Margaria, Alice (5 November 2011). "Iannone to test the Gresini Honda". GPOne. Buffer Overflow srl. Archived from the original on 8 November 2011. Retrieved 6 November 2011.
  11. ^ Suddaby, Louis (8 April 2012). "Marquez Takes Thrilling Last Lap Win In Qatar". The Checkered Flag. BlackEagleMedia Network. Retrieved 7 June 2012.
  12. ^ "Iannone wins Catalunya thriller". MotoGP.com. Dorna Sports. 3 June 2012. Retrieved 7 June 2012.
  13. ^ "Iannone still suffering with injured shoulder". MotoGP.com. Dorna Sports. 3 September 2013. Retrieved 4 May 2014.
  14. ^ "MotoGP Losail: Emotional Iannone overwhelmed by Qatar podium". Crash.net. Crash Media Group. 30 March 2015. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
  15. ^ "Rossi wins in Argentina after clashing with Marquez". MotoGP.com. Dorna Sports. 19 April 2015. Retrieved 20 April 2015.
  16. ^ "#ArgentinaGP: Lessons Learnt". motogp.com. 4 April 2016. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  17. ^ "Iannone crashes out of hectic podium hunt". motogp.com. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  18. ^ Klein, Jamie (9 September 2016). "Iannone ruled out of Misano with fractured vertebra". motorsport.com. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  19. ^ "Ducati's Iannone ruled out of San Marino GP". marca.com. 9 September 2016. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  20. ^ "Andrea Iannone joins Suzuki for 2017 and 2018". MotoGP.com. Dorna Sports. 19 May 2016. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
  21. ^ }"Iannone confirms Suzuki split at the end of the season". MotoGP.com. Dorna Sports. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
  22. ^ "Iannone teams up with Aprilia for 2019 and 2020". MotoGP.com. Dorna Sports. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
  23. ^ "Andrea Iannone provisionally suspended". fim-live.com. Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme. Retrieved 17 December 2019.
  24. ^ "Iannone handed 18-month suspension". MotoGP.com. Dorna Sports. 1 April 2020. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
  25. ^ "Smith confirmed for opening two rounds of 2020". MotoGP.com. Dorna Sports. 23 June 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  26. ^ McLaren, Peter (27 October 2020). "Aprilia replaces Bradley Smith with Lorenzo Savadori". Crash.net. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  27. ^ "THE COURT OF ARBITRATION FOR SPORT (CAS) IMPOSES A FOUR-YEAR PERIOD OF INELIGIBILITY ON ANDREA IANNONE" (PDF). CAS Media Releases. Lausanne: Court of Arbitration for Sport. 10 November 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  28. ^ "Official: Andrea Iannone joins GoEleven Ducati for 2024 WorldSBK season". 18 October 2023. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
  29. ^ Jerez WorldSBK Test: Gardner Fastest As Rea, Bulega, Iannone Impress motomatters.com, 2 November 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2023
  30. ^ Eight tenths from the top, astonishing performance at the end of day-2! teamgoeleven.eu Retrieved 3 November 2023
  31. ^ Maniac by name… Motor Sport, 19 September 2019. Retrieved 8 April 2022
  32. ^ Iannone: The fall of the Maniac the-race.com, 1 April 2020, Retrieved 8 April 2022
  33. ^ MotoGP, Andrea Iannone at Misano with the Aprilia RSV4: The Maniac doesn't give up gpone.com, 6 September 2021. Retrieved 8 April 2022