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Quercygale

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Quercygale
Temporal range: 55.2–35.0 Ma Early to Late Eocene
skull of species Quercygale angustidens
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Clade: Pan-Carnivora
Clade: Carnivoramorpha
Clade: Carnivoraformes
Family: †Quercygalidae
Kretzoi, 1945[1]
Genus: †Quercygale
Kretzoi, 1945
Type species
†Quercygale angustidens
Filhol, 1872
Species
[see classification]
Synonyms
synonyms of genus:
  • Humbertia (De Beaumont, 1965)[2]
synonyms of species:
  • Q. angustidens:
    • Humbertia angustidens (De Beaumont, 1965)
    • Procynodictis euzetensis (Depéret, 1917)[3]
    • Viverra angustidens (Filhol, 1872)[4]
    • Viverravus euzetensis (Depéret, 1917)
  • Q. hastingsae:
    • Viverra hastingsae (Davies, 1884)
    • Viverravus hastingsae (Depéret, 1917)
  • Q. helvetica:
    • Cynodon helveticus (Rütimeyer, 1862)
    • Humbertia helvetica (De Beaumont, 1965)
    • Miacis macintyri (Van Valen, 1965)[5]
    • Quercygale macintyri (Russell, 1982)[6]
    • Tapocyon macintyri (Russell, 1982)

Quercygale ("weasel from Quercy") is an extinct genus of placental mammals from extinct family Quercygalidae within clade Carnivoraformes, that lived in Europe during the early to late Eocene.[7][8] Phylogenetic analysis of the basicranial morphology of carnivoramorphans suggests Quercygale is the most advanced member of clade Carnivoraformes as a sister taxon to crown group Carnivora, predating the split between Feliformia and Caniformia,[9][10][11] although another recent study has proposed genus Quercygale should be placed as a stem group within Feliformia.[12]

Taxonomy

Family: †Quercygalidae (Kretzoi, 1945)
Genus: †Quercygale (Kretzoi, 1945)
Species: Distribution of the species and type locality: Age:
†Q. angustidens (Filhol, 1872)[4]  France (Quercy Phosphorites and Sables Du Castrais) 40.0–37.5 Ma
†Q. hastingsae (Davies, 1884)[13]  UK (Headon Bedes) 37.8–37.5 Ma
†Q. helvetica (Rütimeyer, 1862)[14]  France
 Germany
  Switzerland 		47.8–41.2 Ma
†Q. smithi (Solé, 2014)[10]  France (Mutigny and Mancy) 55.2–47.8 Ma
†Q. sp. [MNNA 9010] (Astibia, 2000)[15]  Spain (Basque Country) 37.0–35.0 Ma

References

  1. ^ Miklos Kretzoi (1945) "Bemerkungen über das Raubtiersystem." Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, Budapest, vol. 38, pp. 59–83.
  2. ^ Gérard de Beaumont (1965.) "Les Viverravinae (Carnivora, Miacidae) de l’Eocène de la Suisse." Bulletin de la Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles 69:133–146.
  3. ^ Depéret C. (1917.) "Monographie de la faune de mammiféres fossiles du Ludien inférieur d'Euget-les-Bains (Gard)." Ann. Univ. Lyon (N. S.), Div. 1, 40, 1–288.
  4. ^ a b Filhol, H (1872). "Recherches sur les mammifères fossiles des dépots de phosphate de chaux dans les départements du Lot, du Tarn et de Tarn−et− Garonne". Annales des Sciences Géologiques. 3: 1–31.
  5. ^ Van Valen, Leigh (1965). "Some European Proviverrini (Mammalia, Deltatheridia)" (PDF). Palaeontology. 8: 638–665.
  6. ^ Donald E. Russell, Jean-Louis Hartenberger, Charles Pomerol, Sevket Sen, Norbert Schmidt-Kittler and Monique Vianey-Liaud (1982.) "Mammals and stratigraphy: the Paleocene of Europe" Palaeovertebrata Vol. 12
  7. ^ McKenna, Malcolm C.; Bell, Susan K. (1997). Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-11012-9.
  8. ^ "Quercygale". www.paleodb.org. Retrieved 11 March 2017.
  9. ^ Wesley-Hunt, G. D.; Werdelin, L. (2005). "Basicranial morphology and phylogenetic position of the upper Eocene carnivoramorphan Quercygale". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 50 (4): 837–846.
  10. ^ a b Solé, Floréal (2014). "New carnivoraforms from the early Eocene of Europe and their bearing on the evolution of the Carnivoraformes". Palaeontology. 57 (5): 963–978. Bibcode:2014Palgy..57..963S. doi:10.1111/pala.12097. ISSN 1475-4983. S2CID 129314381.
  11. ^ Flink, T.; Werdelin, L. (2022). "Digital endocasts from two late Eocene carnivores shed light on the evolution of the brain at the origin of Carnivora". Papers in Palaeontology. 8 (2): e1422. Bibcode:2022PPal....8E1422F. doi:10.1002/spp2.1422. S2CID 247465166.
  12. ^ Tomiya, Susumu; Tseng, Zhijie Jack (2016). "Whence the beardogs? Reappraisal of the Middle to Late Eocene 'Miacis' from Texas, USA, and the origin of Amphicyonidae (Mammalia, Carnivora)". Royal Society Open Science. 3 (10): 160518. Bibcode:2016RSOS....360518T. doi:10.1098/rsos.160518. ISSN 2054-5703. PMC 5098994. PMID 27853569.
  13. ^ Davies, W. (1884). "Notes on some new carnivores from the British Eocene formations". Geological Magazine NS, Decade III. 1 (10): 433–438. Bibcode:1884GeoM....1..433D. doi:10.1017/s0016756800185802. S2CID 131595417.
  14. ^ Rütimeyer, L. (1862.) "Eocaene Säugetiere aus dem Gebiet des Schweizerischen Jura." Neue Denkschriften der allgemeinen Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für die gesammten Naturwissenschaften, 19, 1–98.
  15. ^ H. Astibia, A. Aranburu, X. Pereda Suberbiola, X. Murelaga, C. Sesé, M. A. Cuesta, S. Moyà-Solà, J. E. Baceta, A. Badiola and M. Köhler (2000.) "Un nouveau site à vertébrés continentaux de l'Éocène supérieur de Zambrana (Bassin de Maranda-Treviño, Alava, Pays basque)." Géobios 32(2):233-248


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