Sorex araneus polyomavirus 1
| Sorex araneus polyomavirus 1 | |
|---|---|
Virus classification 
| |
| (unranked): | Virus |
| Realm: | Monodnaviria |
| Kingdom: | Shotokuvirae |
| Phylum: | Cossaviricota |
| Class: | Papovaviricetes |
| Order: | Sepolyvirales |
| Family: | Polyomaviridae |
| Genus: | Alphapolyomavirus |
| Species: | Sorex araneus polyomavirus 1
|
Sorex araneus polyomavirus 1, formerly known as Human polyomavirus 12 (HPyV12), is a virus of the polyomavirus family that was first identified in human hosts and also infects shrews.[1] It was discovered and reported in 2013 after isolation from the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly the liver.[2] The virus was renamed to Sorex araneus polyomavirus 1 in 2018, after discovery of the same virus in shrews.[1] Infecting multiple hosts is rare among mammalian polyomaviruses.[3]
Discovery
[edit]HPyV12 was first discovered in 2013 by generic PCR used to screen samples of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract. HPyV12 was identified first and most commonly in liver samples; it was also occasionally detected in the colon and rectum and in feces.[2]
Taxonomy
[edit]The HPyV12 genome follows the typical organization for a polyomavirus, containing a small and large tumor antigen and three viral capsid proteins; it has no open reading frame corresponding to an agnoprotein. In the 2015 taxonomic update to the polyomavirus group, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses classified HPyV12 as a member of the genus Alphapolyomaviridae, whose type species is murine polyomavirus (Mus musculus polyomavirus 1).[4] Following the discovery of highly similar polyomaviruses in shrews (Soricidae),[1] the virus was formally reclassified in 2018 as Sorex araneus polyomavirus 1.[5]
Prevalence
[edit]The prevalence of HPyV12 is not well characterized and published estimates from seroprevalence studies — that is, prevalence of detectable antibodies against viral proteins indicating either past or present exposure — vary widely. A 2013 survey found that between 15–33% of healthy adults exhibited evidence of exposure, with slightly lower rates in children.[2] By contrast, a 2018 study in an Italian population reported over 90% prevalence,[6] while another 2018 survey in Dutch adults found prevalence to be around 4%, among the lowest of the polyomaviruses known to infect humans.[7]
Clinical manifestations
[edit]There is no known clinical significance associated with HPyV12.[8]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Gedvilaite, Alma; Tryland, Morten; Ulrich, Rainer G.; Schneider, Julia; Kurmauskaite, Vaida; Moens, Ugo; Preugschas, Hannah; Calvignac-Spencer, Sébastien; Ehlers, Bernhard (1 December 2017). "Novel polyomaviruses in shrews (Soricidae) with close similarity to human polyomavirus 12". Journal of General Virology. 98 (12): 3060–3067. doi:10.1099/jgv.0.000948. PMID 29095685.
- ^ a b c Korup, Sarah; Rietscher, Janita; Calvignac-Spencer, Sébastien; Trusch, Franziska; Hofmann, Jörg; Moens, Ugo; Sauer, Igor; Voigt, Sebastian; Schmuck, Rosa; Ehlers, Bernhard; Qiu, Jianming (13 March 2013). "Identification of a Novel Human Polyomavirus in Organs of the Gastrointestinal Tract". PLOS ONE. 8 (3): e58021. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...858021K. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0058021. PMC 3596337. PMID 23516426.
- ^ Ehlers, Bernhard (10 October 2019). "Novel Polyomaviruses in Mammals from Multiple Orders and Reassessment of Polyomavirus Evolution and Taxonomy". Viruses. 11 (10): 930. doi:10.3390/v11100930. PMC 6833039. PMID 31658738.
- ^ Polyomaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of, Viruses; Calvignac-Spencer, S; Feltkamp, MC; Daugherty, MD; Moens, U; Ramqvist, T; Johne, R; Ehlers, B (29 February 2016). "A taxonomy update for the family Polyomaviridae". Archives of Virology. 161 (6): 1739–50. doi:10.1007/s00705-016-2794-y. hdl:10037/13151. PMID 26923930.
- ^ "ICTV Taxonomy history". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
- ^ Gaboriaud, Pauline; Ferté, Marion; Arnold, Françoise; Leblond, Valérie; Nicol, Jérôme; Debare, Heloïse; Le Meur, Mélanie; Martini, Fernanda; Tognon, Mauro; Touzé, Antoine (1 December 2018). "Age-specific seroprevalence of human polyomavirus 12 and Saint Louis and New Jersey polyomaviruses". Emerging Microbes & Infections. 7 (1): 22. doi:10.1038/s41426-018-0026-0. PMC 5841233. PMID 29511157.
- ^ Kamminga, Sergio; van der Meijden, Els; Feltkamp, Mariet C. W.; Zaaijer, Hans L. (23 October 2018). "Seroprevalence of fourteen human polyomaviruses determined in blood donors". PLOS ONE. 13 (10): e0206273. Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1306273K. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0206273. PMC 6198985. PMID 30352098.
- ^ Rinaldo, Christine Hanssen; Hirsch, Hans H. (August 2013). "The human polyomaviruses: from orphans and mutants to patchwork family". APMIS. 121 (8): 681–4. doi:10.1111/apm.12125. PMID 23781946. S2CID 29518518.