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{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
[[File:Rally in support of Ukraine at Washington Square Park.jpg|thumb|A protester in [[New York City]] on 27 February 2022, holding a sign that reads "Glory to Ukraine! Glory to the heroes!" The phrase gained worldwide prominence as a result of the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]].]]
[[File:Rally in support of Ukraine at Washington Square Park.jpg|thumb|A protester in [[New York City]] on 27 February 2022, holding a sign that reads "Glory to Ukraine! Glory to the heroes!" The phrase gained worldwide prominence as a result of the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]].]]
[[File:Kharkiv Teveleva.jpg|thumb|The Monument of [[Ukrainian War of Independence|Independence]] in [[Kharkiv]] includes the phrase]]
[[File:Kharkiv Teveleva.jpg|thumb|The Monument of Independence inaugurated in 1991 in [[Kharkiv]] includes the phrase]]
"'''Glory to Ukraine!'''" ({{lang-uk|link=no|Слава Україні!|'''Slava Ukraïni!'''}}, {{IPA-uk|ˈsɫaʋɐ ʊkrɐˈjinʲi|IPA|Uk-Слава Україні.ogg}}) is a [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] national salute, known as a symbol of Ukrainian sovereignty and resistance to foreign aggression. It is the [[battle cry]] of the [[Armed Forces of Ukraine]]. It is often accompanied by the response "Glory to the heroes!" ({{lang-uk|Героям слава!|links=no|Heroiam slava!}}, {{IPA-uk|ɦeˈrɔjɐm ˈsɫaʋɐ|IPA}}).
"'''Glory to Ukraine!'''" ({{lang-uk|link=no|Слава Україні!|'''Slava Ukrayini!'''}}, {{IPA-uk|ˈsɫaʋɐ ʊkrɐˈjinʲi|IPA|Uk-Слава Україні.ogg}}) is a [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] salute, it is often accompanied by the response "Glory to the heroes!" ({{lang-uk|Героям слава!|links=no|Heroiam slava!}}, {{IPA-uk|ɦeˈrɔjɐm ˈsɫaʋɐ|IPA}}).

The phrase first appeared at the beginning of the 20th century in different variations, when it became popular among [[Ukrainians]] during the [[Ukrainian War of Independence]] from [[1917]] to [[1921]].<ref name=istpravda>{{Cite web|title="Glory to Ukraine!": Who and when was the slogan created?|url=https://www.istpravda.com.ua/eng/articles/2018/10/4/153036/|author=Yuriy Yuzych|access-date=21 June 2020|website=[[Istorychna Pravda]]|archive-date=25 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225103647/https://www.istpravda.com.ua/eng/articles/2018/10/4/153036/|url-status=live}}</ref> The response "Glory to the heroes!" first appeared during the Ukrainian War of Independence or later in the 1920s. From the 1930s it was used by different Ukrainian groups, as well as [[Ukrainian diaspora]] groups and refugee communities in [[Western Bloc|the West]] during the [[Cold War]]. In the [[Soviet Union]] the phrase was forbidden and discredited by Soviet and later Russian authorities. The phrase eventually resurfaced in Ukraine during the country's struggle for independence in connection with the [[fall of the Soviet Union]]. Its use was revived again during the [[Revolution of Dignity|2014 Ukrainian revolution]] and the [[Russo-Ukrainian War]], during which it became a widely popular symbol in Ukraine.


The phrase has gained worldwide attention during the ongoing [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]] and has subsequently been used in protests in support of Ukraine around the world.<ref>{{cite news |date=27 February 2022 |title='Glory to Ukraine': hundreds of thousands march against Russian invasion |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220227-glory-to-ukraine-hundreds-of-thousands-march-against-russian-invasion |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=France 24 |archive-date=28 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228200958/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220227-glory-to-ukraine-hundreds-of-thousands-march-against-russian-invasion |url-status=live }}</ref> It has been used in speeches by Ukrainian politicians like President [[Volodymyr Zelenskyy]], as well as numerous foreign leaders.
The phrase has gained worldwide attention during the ongoing [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]] and has subsequently been used in protests in support of Ukraine around the world.<ref>{{cite news |date=27 February 2022 |title='Glory to Ukraine': hundreds of thousands march against Russian invasion |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220227-glory-to-ukraine-hundreds-of-thousands-march-against-russian-invasion |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=France 24 |archive-date=28 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228200958/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220227-glory-to-ukraine-hundreds-of-thousands-march-against-russian-invasion |url-status=live }}</ref> It has been used in speeches by Ukrainian politicians like President [[Volodymyr Zelenskyy]], as well as numerous foreign leaders.


==History==
==History==
[[File:Taras Shevchenko - portrait by Ivan Kramskoi.jpg|thumb|upright|Ukrainian poet [[Taras Shevchenko]] used the phrase in the form "Glory of Ukraine" in a 1860 poem]]
[[File:Taras Shevchenko - portrait by Ivan Kramskoi.jpg|thumb|upright|Ukrainian poet [[Taras Shevchenko]] used the phrase in the form "Glory to Ukraine" in a 1840, rev. 1860 poem]]


===Origins===
=== Origins ===
[[File:Slavaukr.jpg|thumb|Records of the 15 March 1917 [[Central Council of Ukraine|Rada]] "in support of a democratic and independent Ukraine", from the journal "Nowa Rada". The phrase ''Glory to Ukraine'' is underlined.]]
A similar phrase, "Glory of Ukraine",{{#tag:ref|{{lang-uk|Слава України!}}|group=nb}} has been used at least since the time of the prominent patriotic Ukrainian writer [[Taras Shevchenko]]. In his poem ''To Osnovianenko'' («До Основ'яненка»; 1840, in the version of 1860) Shevchenko wrote:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://litopys.org.ua/shevchenko/shev113.htm|title=До Основ'яненка. Тарас Шевченко. Повне зібрання творів. Том. 1.|access-date=10 March 2021|archive-date=7 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140207090608/http://litopys.org.ua/shevchenko/shev113.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
The exact moment when the greeting was created is controversial. The first component, "Glory to Ukraine", can be found in use as early as the late 19th century and early 20th century, when the phrase with the answer "Glory to all the world!" ({{Lang|uk|По всій землі слава}}) was associated with the Ukrainian student community of [[Kharkiv]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Хто і коли вигадав гасло “Слава Україні!” |url=https://www.istpravda.com.ua/articles/2018/10/4/153036/ |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=Історична правда |quote=Юзич Юрій. Хто і коли вигадав гасло «Слава Україні!» [Електронний ресурс] // Історична правда. — 4 October 2018. — Режим доступу:}}</ref> In 1840 poet Taras Shevchenko used the phrase "Glory to Ukraine" in one of his poems.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-01 |title=Croatian president likens 'Slava Ukraini' slogan to 'Sieg Heil' salute |url=https://www.euronews.com/2023/06/01/croatian-president-milanovic-compares-slava-ukraini-salute-to-sieg-heil |access-date=2023-06-02 |website=euronews |language=en}}</ref> Same phrase was used during the [[Ukrainian War of Independence]] (from 1917 to 1921),<ref name=AC28565063RFE>[http://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/why-is-international-media-still-repeating-kremlin-propaganda-about-ukraine Why Is the International Media Still Repeating Kremlin Propaganda about Ukraine?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220151327/https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/why-is-international-media-still-repeating-kremlin-propaganda-about-ukraine/ |date=20 February 2022 }}, [[Atlantic Council]] (13 July 2018)<br />{{in lang|uk}} k[https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/28565063.html "Glory to Ukraine!" – the story of the slogan of the struggle for independence] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224001719/https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/28565063.html |date=24 February 2022 }}, [[Radio Free Europe]] (19 June 2017)</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Radeljić |first=Branislav |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fesUEAAAQBAJ&dq=Slava+Ukraini+OUN&pg=PT107 |title=The Unwanted Europeanness?: Understanding Division and Inclusion in Contemporary Europe |date=2021-01-18 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG |isbn=978-3-11-068425-4 |language=en |quote=For instance, the chant, "Glory to Ukraine!" (Slava Ukraini!), followed by "Glory to the Heroes!" (Heroiam slava!), had its origins in Ukraine's national revolution of 1917-1920, but it became widespread as a slogan under the wing of the [[Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists]] (OUN) under the leadership of [[Stepan Bandera]]. |access-date=5 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308143104/https://books.google.com/books?id=fesUEAAAQBAJ&dq=Slava+Ukraini+OUN&pg=PT107 |archive-date=8 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> and later by [[Ukrainian nationalists]] in the 1920s and 1930s.{{#tag:ref|In his monumental book ''Kholodny Yar'', [[Yuriy Horlis-Horskyi]] writes that he heard this phrase from several insurgents who fought in the [[Kholodny Yar Republic|Kholodny Yar]] Ukrainian partisan movement (1918–1923). They routinely greeted each other with the phrase "{{transliteration|uk|Slava Ukraini!}}", and the response had to be "{{transliteration|uk|Ukraini slava!}}" (which also means "Glory to Ukraine" but with the words swapped around as is possible and idiomatic in Ukrainian).<ref name=AC28565063RFE/>|group=nb}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Norris |first=Stephen M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LqD_DwAAQBAJ |title=Museums of Communism: New Memory Sites in Central and Eastern Europe |date=2020-11-03 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-05031-1 |pages=91 |language=en |quote=The trial also marked the first time ON members performed a fascist salute in public: Vira Svientsitska, as she was taking the stand, turned toward her fellow defendants, raised her right arm, and declared "Slava Ukraini!" (Glory to Ukraine). All the defendants were found guilty and received life imprisonment; at the end of the verdict, Bandera shouted "Iron and blood will decide between us." His fellow OUN members responded with a shout of "Slava Ukraini!”. |access-date=3 January 2023 |archive-date=8 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308143102/https://books.google.com/books?id=LqD_DwAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}</ref>{{Sfn|Rossoliński-Liebe|2014|p=152}} More controversy surrounds the creation of the full greeting, along with the second component, the response "{{transliteration|uk|Heroiam slava!}}" (Glory to the heroes!).[[File:Ukrayins'ka Povstans'ka Armiya (poster).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Ukrainian Insurgent Army|UPA]] propaganda poster. OUN-UPA's formal greeting is written in Ukrainian on two of the horizontal lines: "Glory to Ukraine—Glory to (her) Heroes"]]
{{Cquote|Our thought, our song<br />Will not die, will not perish…<br />Oh there, people, is our glory,<br />Glory of Ukraine!}}


According to historian Yana Prymachenko the response was also first used in the 1917-1921 Ukrainian war of independence.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Yermolenko |first=Volodymyr |date=11 June 2021 |title=Why Kremlin Propaganda Lies about “Glory to Ukraine - Glory to Heroes” Slogan |work=UkraineWorld |url=https://ukraineworld.org/articles/opinions/glory-ukraine-glory-heroes |access-date=13 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hrytsak |first=Yaroslav |url=https://ekmair.ukma.edu.ua/server/api/core/bitstreams/01526fe7-0eca-43bf-98b1-611e7ca6df4b/content |title=Re-Vision of history. Russian historical propaganda and Ukraine |last2=Halushko |first2=Kyrylo |last3=Prymachenko |first3=Yana |publisher=K.I.S |year=2019 |isbn=978-617-684-247-7 |editor-last=Yermolenko |editor-first=Volodymyr |location=Kyiv, Ukraine |display-authors=1}}</ref>{{Rp|page=58}} According to historian [[Grzegorz Rossoliński-Liebe]] the greeting was first used by League of Ukrainian Fascists.{{Sfn|Rossoliński-Liebe|2014|p=70}} Another historian Sviatoslav Lipovetsky points out another nationalist group, the [[League of Ukrainian Nationalists]] (LUN), as the actual creators of the greeting.{{Sfn|Lipovetsky|2010|p=14}} Historian Yuriy Yuzych argues, that although such greeting was proposed, the LUN never actually adopted it.<ref name="istpravda">{{Cite web |author=Yuriy Yuzych |title="Glory to Ukraine!": Who and when was the slogan created? |url=https://www.istpravda.com.ua/eng/articles/2018/10/4/153036/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225103647/https://www.istpravda.com.ua/eng/articles/2018/10/4/153036/ |archive-date=25 February 2022 |access-date=21 June 2020 |website=[[Istorychna Pravda]]}}</ref> Both groups later formed the [[Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists|Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists]] (OUN).
In the 1877 drama ''L'Hetman'' by the [[French people|French]] author [[Paul Déroulède]], the main character, [[Hetman]] Frol Gherasz, uses "Glory to Ukraine!" ({{lang-fr|Gloire à l’Ukraine!}}) as a salute.<ref>[[Paul Déroulède]]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=BriGpzn3ufgC&pg=PA148 L’hetman; drame en cinq actes en vers; acte V, scène XI] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230403210707/https://books.google.com/books?id=BriGpzn3ufgC&pg=PA148 |date=3 April 2023 }}&nbsp;— Paris: Calmann Lévy, 1877.&nbsp;— P. 148.</ref> The events of the drama take place during the [[Khmelnytsky Uprising]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Irvine |first=Demar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mioz571aMvcC&dq=l%2527hetman+paul+d%25C3%25A9roul%25C3%25A8de&pg=PA91 |title=Massenet: A Chronicle of His Life and Times |date=1997 |publisher=Hal Leonard Corporation |isbn=978-1-57467-024-0 |pages=91 |access-date=18 May 2022 |archive-date=3 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230403205122/https://books.google.com/books?id=Mioz571aMvcC&dq=l%2527hetman+paul+d%25C3%25A9roul%25C3%25A8de&pg=PA91 |url-status=live }}</ref> which indicates that the phrase may have been in use in the [[Cossack Hetmanate]].


[[Image:Pomnik UPA w Bazaltowe d.Janowa Dolina.jpg|thumb|Monument in memory of [[Ukrainian Insurgent Army|UPA]] partisans with the inscription "Glory to Ukraine! Glory to the heroes!", in place of the [[Janowa Dolina massacre]], [[Bazaltove]], Ukraine]]
The first known mention of the slogan "Glory to Ukraine!" with the response "Glory all around the world!" ({{lang-uk|По всій землі слава}}, ''Po vsiy zemli slava'') is in connection with the Ukrainian student community of the late 19th to early 20th centuries in [[Kharkiv]].<ref name=istpravda/>


In 1930s it became widespread as a slogan of the OUN.<ref name=":2" /> According to press reports, during the trials of OUN members after the assassination of Boleslaw Pieracki, the accused performed fascist salutes to the words "Glory to Ukraine!".{{Sfn|Rossoliński-Liebe|2014|p=535}} The first public use of the salute occurred in December 1935 during the interrogation of OUN member Vira Svientsitska, who refused to testify in Polish for which she was fined 200 zlotys or 10 days in jail. As she was being led out of the courtroom, passing by the other defendants, she saluted them with an raised arm and shouted "Glory to Ukraine!", to which they responded with the same. She was sentenced to a day in solitary confinement for this.{{Sfn|Rossoliński-Liebe|2014|p=139-140}}
===Ukrainian War of Independence and World War II===
[[File:Slavaukr.jpg|thumb|left|Records of the 15 March 1917 [[Rada]] "in support of a democratic and independent Ukraine", from the journal "Nowa Rada". The phrase ''Glory to Ukraine'' is underlined.]]
The phrase "{{transliteration|uk|Slava Ukraini!}}" (Glory to Ukraine!) had its origins during the [[Ukrainian War of Independence]] (from 1917 to 1921).<ref name=AC28565063RFE>[http://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/why-is-international-media-still-repeating-kremlin-propaganda-about-ukraine Why Is the International Media Still Repeating Kremlin Propaganda about Ukraine?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220151327/https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/why-is-international-media-still-repeating-kremlin-propaganda-about-ukraine/ |date=20 February 2022 }}, [[Atlantic Council]] (13 July 2018)<br />{{in lang|uk}} k[https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/28565063.html "Glory to Ukraine!" – the story of the slogan of the struggle for independence] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224001719/https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/28565063.html |date=24 February 2022 }}, [[Radio Free Europe]] (19 June 2017)</ref><ref name=":2" /> It was commonly used by [[Ukrainian nationalists]] in the 1920s and 1930s.{{#tag:ref|In his monumental book ''Kholodny Yar'', [[Yuriy Horlis-Horskyi]] writes that he heard this phrase from several insurgents who fought in the [[Kholodny Yar Republic|Kholodny Yar]] Ukrainian partisan movement (1918–1923). They routinely greeted each other with the phrase "{{transliteration|uk|Slava Ukraini!}}", and the response had to be "{{transliteration|uk|Ukraini slava!}}" (which also means "Glory to Ukraine" but with the words swapped around as is possible and idiomatic in Ukrainian).<ref name=AC28565063RFE/>|group=nb}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rossolinski |first=Grzegorz |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SFH_BgAAQBAJ&dq=Slava+Ukraini&pg=PA152 |title=Stepan Bandera: The Life and Afterlife of a Ukrainian Nationalist: Fascism, Genocide, and Cult |date=2014-10-01 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-3-8382-6684-8 |pages=152 |language=en |quote=..was Bandera. As he entered, he performed a fascist salute, raising his right arm and shouting "Slava!" or "Slava Ukraïni!" All the defendants in the courtroom answered him in the same manner. |access-date=5 January 2023 |archive-date=8 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308143102/https://books.google.com/books?id=SFH_BgAAQBAJ&dq=Slava+Ukraini&pg=PA152 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Norris |first=Stephen M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LqD_DwAAQBAJ |title=Museums of Communism: New Memory Sites in Central and Eastern Europe |date=2020-11-03 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-05031-1 |pages=91 |language=en |quote=The trial also marked the first time ON members performed a fascist salute in public: Vira Svientsitska, as she was taking the stand, turned toward her fellow defendants, raised her right arm, and declared "Slava Ukraini!" (Glory to Ukraine). All the defendants were found guilty and received life imprisonment; at the end of the verdict, Bandera shouted "Iron and blood will decide between us." His fellow OUN members responded with a shout of "Slava Ukraini!”. |access-date=3 January 2023 |archive-date=8 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308143102/https://books.google.com/books?id=LqD_DwAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}</ref>


=== Second World War ===
[[File:Ukrayins'ka Povstans'ka Armiya (poster).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Ukrainian Insurgent Army|UPA]] propaganda poster. OUN-UPA's formal greeting is written in Ukrainian on two of the horizontal lines: "Glory to Ukraine—Glory to (her) Heroes"]]
At the Second Grand Congress of the OUN on 27 August 1939 in [[Rome]], the fascist salute "Glory to the leader!" (''Vozhdevi Slava!''), who was then [[Andriy Melnyk (officer)|Andriy Melnyk]].{{Sfn|Rossoliński-Liebe|2014|p=172-173}} In April 1941, the younger part of the OUN seceded and formed its own organisation, called the OUN-B after its leader [[Stepan Bandera]]. At that time, the group adopted many symbols modelled on fascist ones, including the red-black flag and fascist salute with calling "Glory to Ukraine!" and responding "Glory to the Heroes!".{{Sfn|Rossoliński-Liebe|2014|p=536-537}}<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Katchanovski |first=Ivan |author-link=Ivan Katchanovski |year=2014 |title=The Politics of World War II in Contemporary Ukraine |url=https://www.academia.edu/3378079 |journal=Journal of Slavic Military Studies |volume=27 |pages=210-233 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825054753/http://www.academia.edu/3378079/The_Politics_of_World_War_II_in_Contemporary_Ukraine |archive-date=25 August 2018 |quote=The greeting ‘Slava Ukraini’ (Glory to Ukraine) and a fascist-style hand salute were modeled by the OUN on a basis of similar greetings and salutes by other fascist and semi-fascist parties... The OUN officially adopted these greeting and salute during their second congress in Rome in the end of August 1939, while the OUN-B reconfirmed their official use in a slightly modified form during their congress in German-occupied Krakow in April 1941. |number=2 |DOI=10.1080/13518046.2013.844493}}</ref><ref name="AC28565063RFE" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rudling |first=Per Anders |date=2017-09-30 |title=www.german-foreign-policy.com interviewed Per Anders Rudling about the roots that gave rise to the Ukrainian far right |url=http://www.german-foreign-policy.com/en/fulltext/58745 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930012307/http://www.german-foreign-policy.com/en/fulltext/58745 |archive-date=30 September 2017 |access-date=2022-08-31 |website=}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> The greeting became especially popular during the failed attempt to build a Ukrainian state on lands occupied by Germany after its invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941, when triumphal arches with these slogans were erected in numerous Ukrainian cities.{{Sfn|Rossoliński-Liebe|2014|p=221}} Many ordinary Ukrainians abandoned the customary Christian greeting "Glory to Jesus Christ" (''Slava Isusu Khrystu'') in favour of a new national greeting.{{Sfn|Rossoliński-Liebe|2014|p=221-222}} For this reason, many religious leaders, including Greek-Catholic Metropolitan [[Andrey Sheptytsky|Andriy Sheptytskyi]], criticised the OUN for the new greeting.{{Sfn|Rossoliński-Liebe|2014|p=224}}


After the creation in the second half of 1942, the the [[Ukrainian Insurgent Army]] (UPA) took over the salute from the OUN-B, but dropped the fascist-like raising of the right arm above the head.{{Sfn|Rossoliński-Liebe|2014|p=263}} In mid-1943, just before the mass [[Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia|massacres of the Polish population]] in the Lviv region by the UPA, the Polish [[Home Army]] noticed that many Ukrainians had begun to use the greeting "Death to the Poles" (''Smert' liakham'') while answering "Glory to Ukraine".{{Sfn|Rossoliński-Liebe|2014|p=269-270}}
According to historian Yana Prymachenko the response "{{transliteration|uk|Heroiam slava!}}" (Glory to the heroes!) was also first used in the 1917-1921 Ukrainian war of independence.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Yermolenko |first=Volodymyr |date=11 June 2021 |title=Why Kremlin Propaganda Lies about “Glory to Ukraine - Glory to Heroes” Slogan |work=UkraineWorld |url=https://ukraineworld.org/articles/opinions/glory-ukraine-glory-heroes |access-date=13 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hrytsak |first=Yaroslav |url=https://ekmair.ukma.edu.ua/server/api/core/bitstreams/01526fe7-0eca-43bf-98b1-611e7ca6df4b/content |title=Re-Vision of history. Russian historical propaganda and Ukraine |last2=Halushko |first2=Kyrylo |last3=Prymachenko |first3=Yana |publisher=K.I.S |year=2019 |isbn=978-617-684-247-7 |editor-last=Yermolenko |editor-first=Volodymyr |location=Kyiv, Ukraine |display-authors=1}}</ref>{{Rp|page=58}} According to [[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] "{{transliteration|uk|Heroiam slava!}}" appeared in the 1920s among members of the nationalist organization the League of Ukrainian Nationalists (LUN), reporting that according to the memoirs of [[Petro Dyachenko]] it was proposed by Yuri Artyushenko.<ref name=AC28565063RFE/> Yuriy Yuzych wrote in ''[[Istorychna Pravda]]'' however, despite reports of Artyushenko proposing the phrase, that Artyushenko's memoirs or publications about him did not provide support for a connection between the phrase and the LUN.<ref name="istpravda" /> The greeting "Glory to Ukraine! Glory to the heroes!" later became the official slogan of [[Stepan Bandera]]'s wing of the [[Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists]], the OUN-B, in April 1941.<ref>{{Cite journal |first=Ivan|last=Katchanovski|author-link=Ivan Katchanovski|url=https://www.academia.edu/3378079 |title=The Politics of World War II in Contemporary Ukraine |year=2014 |journal=Journal of Slavic Military Studies |volume=27 |number=2 |pages=210-233|DOI=10.1080/13518046.2013.844493|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825054753/http://www.academia.edu/3378079/The_Politics_of_World_War_II_in_Contemporary_Ukraine |archive-date=25 August 2018|quote=The greeting ‘Slava Ukraini’ (Glory to Ukraine) and a fascist-style hand salute were modeled by the OUN on a basis of similar greetings and salutes by other fascist and semi-fascist parties... The OUN officially adopted these greeting and salute during their second congress in Rome in the end of August 1939, while the OUN-B reconfirmed their official use in a slightly modified form during their congress in German-occupied Krakow in April 1941.}}</ref><ref name=AC28565063RFE/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rudling |first=Per Anders |date=2017-09-30 |title=www.german-foreign-policy.com interviewed Per Anders Rudling about the roots that gave rise to the Ukrainian far right |url=http://www.german-foreign-policy.com/en/fulltext/58745 |access-date=2022-08-31 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930012307/http://www.german-foreign-policy.com/en/fulltext/58745 |archive-date=30 September 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Radeljić |first=Branislav |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fesUEAAAQBAJ&dq=Slava+Ukraini+OUN&pg=PT107 |title=The Unwanted Europeanness?: Understanding Division and Inclusion in Contemporary Europe |date=2021-01-18 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG |isbn=978-3-11-068425-4 |language=en |quote=For instance, the chant, "Glory to Ukraine!" (Slava Ukraini!), followed by "Glory to the Heroes!" (Heroiam slava!), had its origins in Ukraine's national revolution of 1917-1920, but it became widespread as a slogan under the wing of the [[Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists]] (OUN) under the leadership of [[Stepan Bandera]]. |access-date=5 January 2023 |archive-date=8 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308143104/https://books.google.com/books?id=fesUEAAAQBAJ&dq=Slava+Ukraini+OUN&pg=PT107 |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Image:Pomnik UPA w Bazaltowe d.Janowa Dolina.jpg|thumb|Monument in memory of UPA partisans with the inscription "Glory to Ukraine! Glory to the heroes!", in place of the [[Janowa Dolina massacre]], [[Bazaltove]], Ukraine]]


===Soviet era and late 20th century===
===Soviet era and late 20th century===
In the [[Soviet Union]], the slogan "Slava Ukraini!" was forbidden and discredited via a decades-long propaganda campaign alongside the diaspora Ukrainian nationalists who used it.<ref name="Deutsche Welle 24818 GtU"/><ref name=AC28565063RFE/> They were dubbed "Ukrainian [[bourgeois nationalists]]", "[[Banderites]]", and "[[Nazi]] henchmen" by Soviet authorities.<ref name="Deutsche Welle 24818 GtU">{{cite news|url=https://m.dw.com/en/new-glory-to-ukraine-army-chant-invokes-nationalist-past/a-45215538|title=New 'Glory to Ukraine' army chant invokes nationalist past|date=24 August 2018|work=[[Deutsche Welle]]|access-date=6 September 2018|archive-date=7 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907032622/https://m.dw.com/en/new-glory-to-ukraine-army-chant-invokes-nationalist-past/a-45215538|url-status=live}}</ref>
The greeting was widespread among [[Ukrainian diaspora]] groups and refugee communities in [[Western Bloc|the West]] during the [[Cold War]]. In the [[Soviet Union]], the slogan "Slava Ukraini!" was forbidden and discredited via a decades-long propaganda campaign alongside the diaspora Ukrainian nationalists who used it.<ref name="Deutsche Welle 24818 GtU"/><ref name=AC28565063RFE/> They were dubbed "Ukrainian [[bourgeois nationalists]]", "[[Banderites]]", and "[[Nazi]] henchmen" by Soviet authorities.<ref name="Deutsche Welle 24818 GtU">{{cite news|url=https://m.dw.com/en/new-glory-to-ukraine-army-chant-invokes-nationalist-past/a-45215538|title=New 'Glory to Ukraine' army chant invokes nationalist past|date=24 August 2018|work=[[Deutsche Welle]]|access-date=6 September 2018|archive-date=7 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907032622/https://m.dw.com/en/new-glory-to-ukraine-army-chant-invokes-nationalist-past/a-45215538|url-status=live}}</ref>


In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the slogan began to be heard at rallies and demonstrations.<ref name=AC28565063RFE/> After Ukraine [[Declaration of Independence of Ukraine|declared independence]] in 1991, the phrase "Glory to Ukraine" became a common patriotic slogan.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}} In 1995, President of the United States [[Bill Clinton]] used the phrase in a speech in [[Kyiv]]<ref>{{Cite news |first=John M. |last=Broder |date=1995-05-13 |title=Clinton Lauds Kiev for 'Taking the Hard Road' |language=en-US |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-05-13-me-257-story.html |access-date=2022-05-09 |archive-date=9 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509160427/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-05-13-me-257-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> (together with "God bless America").<ref name=nytimes1995>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/05/13/world/thousands-turn-out-to-cheer-clinton-in-ukraine.html|title=Thousands Turn Out to Cheer Clinton in Ukraine|last=Jehl|first=Douglas|date=13 May 1995|work=The New York Times|access-date=10 July 2018|archive-date=7 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210607115626/https://www.nytimes.com/1995/05/13/world/thousands-turn-out-to-cheer-clinton-in-ukraine.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the slogan began to be heard at rallies and demonstrations.<ref name=AC28565063RFE/> After Ukraine [[Declaration of Independence of Ukraine|declared independence]] in 1991, the phrase "Glory to Ukraine" became a common patriotic slogan.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}} In 1995, President of the United States [[Bill Clinton]] used the phrase in a speech in [[Kyiv]]<ref>{{Cite news |first=John M. |last=Broder |date=1995-05-13 |title=Clinton Lauds Kiev for 'Taking the Hard Road' |language=en-US |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-05-13-me-257-story.html |access-date=2022-05-09 |archive-date=9 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509160427/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-05-13-me-257-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> (together with "God bless America").<ref name=nytimes1995>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/05/13/world/thousands-turn-out-to-cheer-clinton-in-ukraine.html|title=Thousands Turn Out to Cheer Clinton in Ukraine|last=Jehl|first=Douglas|date=13 May 1995|work=The New York Times|access-date=10 July 2018|archive-date=7 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210607115626/https://www.nytimes.com/1995/05/13/world/thousands-turn-out-to-cheer-clinton-in-ukraine.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
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It has been used in speeches by numerous Ukrainian politicians including President [[Volodymyr Zelenskyy]].<ref>{{cite news |title='We won't put down weapons': Zelenskyy vows to fight on in Kyiv |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/2/26/zelenskyy-says-we-cannot-lose-the-capital-as-fight-nears-kyiv |access-date=1 March 2022 |work=Al Jazeera English |archive-date=28 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228225940/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/2/26/zelenskyy-says-we-cannot-lose-the-capital-as-fight-nears-kyiv |url-status=live }}</ref> It has also been used by foreign leaders including European Commission President [[Ursula von der Leyen]],<ref name=europa>{{cite web |title=Speech by President von der Leyen at the European Parliament Plenary on the Russian aggression against Ukraine |url=https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/speech_22_1483 |publisher=European Commission |access-date=2 March 2022 |archive-date=1 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301200928/https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/SPEECH_22_1483 |url-status=live }}</ref> former British Prime Minister [[Boris Johnson]],<ref name=govuk>{{cite web |title=PM statement to the House of Commons on Ukraine: 24 February 2022 |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/pm-statement-to-the-house-of-commons-on-ukraine-24-february-2022 |publisher=Gov.uk |access-date=1 March 2022 |quote=And in that spirit I join you in saying slava Ukraini. |archive-date=28 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228150829/https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/pm-statement-to-the-house-of-commons-on-ukraine-24-february-2022 |url-status=live }}</ref> New Zealand Prime Minister [[Jacinda Ardern]],<ref name=nz>{{cite news |title=Russia invasion of Ukraine: 'Slava Ukraini' - NZ Parliament condemns 'bully' Putin |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/russia-invasion-of-ukraine-slava-ukraini-nz-parliament-condemns-bully-putin/PMKURVCST7KMRUOFFVDLEJOOAA/ |access-date=1 March 2022 |work=NZ Herald |archive-date=1 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301023531/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/russia-invasion-of-ukraine-slava-ukraini-nz-parliament-condemns-bully-putin/PMKURVCST7KMRUOFFVDLEJOOAA/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Dutch Prime Minister [[Mark Rutte]],<ref name=govnl>{{cite web |title=Rutte spreekt Oekraïners toe in videoboodschap: 'Slava Ukraini!' |date=3 March 2022 |url=https://www.rtlnieuws.nl/nieuws/nederland/artikel/5292393/premier-rutte-oekraine-oorlog-rusland-poetin-zelenski-toespraak |publisher=[[RTL Nieuws]] |access-date=4 March 2022 |language=nl |archive-date=5 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305092544/https://www.rtlnieuws.nl/nieuws/nederland/artikel/5292393/premier-rutte-oekraine-oorlog-rusland-poetin-zelenski-toespraak |url-status=live }}</ref> Croatian Prime Minister [[Andrej Plenković]],<ref name=hdz>{{Cite web |title=Danas smo svi Ukrajinci! Slava Ukrajini! O sudbini Kijeva ovisi budućnost Europe! |url=https://www.hdz.hr/article/3075/danas-smo-svi-ukrajinci-slava-ukrajini-o-sudbini-kijeva-ovisi-buducnost-europe |access-date=4 March 2022 |archive-date=5 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305092541/https://www.hdz.hr/article/3075/danas-smo-svi-ukrajinci-slava-ukrajini-o-sudbini-kijeva-ovisi-buducnost-europe |url-status=live }}</ref> U.S. Speaker [[Nancy Pelosi]]<ref name=apnews-pelosi>{{cite news |title='Slava Ukraini': Zelenskyy becomes Congress' great unifier |url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-zelenskyy-europe-nancy-pelosi-impeachments-dbef6b1eadb5ee1794d56878d1046ed9 |access-date=17 March 2022 |work=AP News |archive-date=17 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317000609/https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-zelenskyy-europe-nancy-pelosi-impeachments-dbef6b1eadb5ee1794d56878d1046ed9 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the UK's Permanent Representative [[Barbara Woodward]] in a speech to the UN.<ref>{{cite web |title=If we do not stand up now, then every nation is at risk: UK statement to the General Assembly on Ukraine |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/if-we-do-not-stand-up-now-then-every-nation-is-at-risk |publisher=Gov.uk |access-date=1 March 2022 |quote=So our message today is simple: We offer our unequivocal support for Ukraine and the Ukrainian people. We call on President Putin to stop this senseless war. And we urge all fellow Members of the United Nations to speak up for Ukraine and to defend the Charter. Slava Ukraini! |archive-date=1 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301013434/https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/if-we-do-not-stand-up-now-then-every-nation-is-at-risk |url-status=live }}</ref> It has been used by commentators and media such as ''[[The Times]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Times view on Ukraine's courage: Slava Ukraini! |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/the-times-view-on-ukraines-courage-slava-ukraini-przwgwsp0 |access-date=1 March 2022 |work=[[The Times]] |archive-date=28 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228112756/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/the-times-view-on-ukraines-courage-slava-ukraini-przwgwsp0 |url-status=live }}</ref>
It has been used in speeches by numerous Ukrainian politicians including President [[Volodymyr Zelenskyy]].<ref>{{cite news |title='We won't put down weapons': Zelenskyy vows to fight on in Kyiv |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/2/26/zelenskyy-says-we-cannot-lose-the-capital-as-fight-nears-kyiv |access-date=1 March 2022 |work=Al Jazeera English |archive-date=28 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228225940/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/2/26/zelenskyy-says-we-cannot-lose-the-capital-as-fight-nears-kyiv |url-status=live }}</ref> It has also been used by foreign leaders including European Commission President [[Ursula von der Leyen]],<ref name=europa>{{cite web |title=Speech by President von der Leyen at the European Parliament Plenary on the Russian aggression against Ukraine |url=https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/speech_22_1483 |publisher=European Commission |access-date=2 March 2022 |archive-date=1 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301200928/https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/SPEECH_22_1483 |url-status=live }}</ref> former British Prime Minister [[Boris Johnson]],<ref name=govuk>{{cite web |title=PM statement to the House of Commons on Ukraine: 24 February 2022 |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/pm-statement-to-the-house-of-commons-on-ukraine-24-february-2022 |publisher=Gov.uk |access-date=1 March 2022 |quote=And in that spirit I join you in saying slava Ukraini. |archive-date=28 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228150829/https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/pm-statement-to-the-house-of-commons-on-ukraine-24-february-2022 |url-status=live }}</ref> New Zealand Prime Minister [[Jacinda Ardern]],<ref name=nz>{{cite news |title=Russia invasion of Ukraine: 'Slava Ukraini' - NZ Parliament condemns 'bully' Putin |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/russia-invasion-of-ukraine-slava-ukraini-nz-parliament-condemns-bully-putin/PMKURVCST7KMRUOFFVDLEJOOAA/ |access-date=1 March 2022 |work=NZ Herald |archive-date=1 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301023531/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/russia-invasion-of-ukraine-slava-ukraini-nz-parliament-condemns-bully-putin/PMKURVCST7KMRUOFFVDLEJOOAA/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Dutch Prime Minister [[Mark Rutte]],<ref name=govnl>{{cite web |title=Rutte spreekt Oekraïners toe in videoboodschap: 'Slava Ukraini!' |date=3 March 2022 |url=https://www.rtlnieuws.nl/nieuws/nederland/artikel/5292393/premier-rutte-oekraine-oorlog-rusland-poetin-zelenski-toespraak |publisher=[[RTL Nieuws]] |access-date=4 March 2022 |language=nl |archive-date=5 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305092544/https://www.rtlnieuws.nl/nieuws/nederland/artikel/5292393/premier-rutte-oekraine-oorlog-rusland-poetin-zelenski-toespraak |url-status=live }}</ref> Croatian Prime Minister [[Andrej Plenković]],<ref name=hdz>{{Cite web |title=Danas smo svi Ukrajinci! Slava Ukrajini! O sudbini Kijeva ovisi budućnost Europe! |url=https://www.hdz.hr/article/3075/danas-smo-svi-ukrajinci-slava-ukrajini-o-sudbini-kijeva-ovisi-buducnost-europe |access-date=4 March 2022 |archive-date=5 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305092541/https://www.hdz.hr/article/3075/danas-smo-svi-ukrajinci-slava-ukrajini-o-sudbini-kijeva-ovisi-buducnost-europe |url-status=live }}</ref> U.S. Speaker [[Nancy Pelosi]]<ref name=apnews-pelosi>{{cite news |title='Slava Ukraini': Zelenskyy becomes Congress' great unifier |url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-zelenskyy-europe-nancy-pelosi-impeachments-dbef6b1eadb5ee1794d56878d1046ed9 |access-date=17 March 2022 |work=AP News |archive-date=17 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317000609/https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-zelenskyy-europe-nancy-pelosi-impeachments-dbef6b1eadb5ee1794d56878d1046ed9 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the UK's Permanent Representative [[Barbara Woodward]] in a speech to the UN.<ref>{{cite web |title=If we do not stand up now, then every nation is at risk: UK statement to the General Assembly on Ukraine |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/if-we-do-not-stand-up-now-then-every-nation-is-at-risk |publisher=Gov.uk |access-date=1 March 2022 |quote=So our message today is simple: We offer our unequivocal support for Ukraine and the Ukrainian people. We call on President Putin to stop this senseless war. And we urge all fellow Members of the United Nations to speak up for Ukraine and to defend the Charter. Slava Ukraini! |archive-date=1 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301013434/https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/if-we-do-not-stand-up-now-then-every-nation-is-at-risk |url-status=live }}</ref> It has been used by commentators and media such as ''[[The Times]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Times view on Ukraine's courage: Slava Ukraini! |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/the-times-view-on-ukraines-courage-slava-ukraini-przwgwsp0 |access-date=1 March 2022 |work=[[The Times]] |archive-date=28 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228112756/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/the-times-view-on-ukraines-courage-slava-ukraini-przwgwsp0 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On the other hand, the President of Croatia, [[Zoran Milanović]], has criticized the use of the slogan, stating that: "This is the chant of the most radical chauvinists from Western Ukraine who collaborated with Nazis, who killed hundreds of thousands of Poles, Jews, and anyone else they got their hands on".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.euronews.com/2023/06/01/croatian-president-milanovic-compares-slava-ukraini-salute-to-sieg-heil |title=Croatian president Milanović compares 'Slava Ukraini' salute to 'Sieg Heil'|website=[[Euronews]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://n1info.hr/vijesti/milanovic-imam-respiratorne-alergije/ |title=Milanović: Nema razlike između “Za dom spremni” i “Slava Ukrajini” |website=n1info.hr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.index.hr/vijesti/clanak/milanovic-zavrsio-na-naslovnicama-ruskih-medija-nakon-izjave-o-poklicu-slava-ukrajini/2467963.aspx?index_tid=361013&index_ref=naslovnica_vijesti_najnovije_d |title=Milanović završio na naslovnicama ruskih medija nakon izjave o pokliču Slava Ukrajini |website=index.hr}}</ref>


== Impact ==
== Impact ==
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{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


== Bibliography ==

* {{Cite book |last=Rossoliński-Liebe |first=Grzegorz |title=Stepan Bandera: The Life and Afterlife of a Ukrainian Nationalist: Fascism, Genocide, and Cult |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=2014 |isbn=978-3838266848 |author-link=Grzegorz Rossoliński-Liebe}}
* {{Cite book |last=Lipovetsky |first=Sviatoslav |title=Організація українських націоналістів (бандерівці): фрагменти діяльності та боротьби |year=2010 |language=uk |trans-title=The Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists (Banderites): A Collage of Deeds and Struggles}}
{{National symbols of Ukraine}}
{{National symbols of Ukraine}}
{{2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine}}
{{2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine}}

Revision as of 15:05, 2 June 2023

A protester in New York City on 27 February 2022, holding a sign that reads "Glory to Ukraine! Glory to the heroes!" The phrase gained worldwide prominence as a result of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
File:Kharkiv Teveleva.jpg
The Monument of Independence inaugurated in 1991 in Kharkiv includes the phrase

"Glory to Ukraine!" (Template:Lang-uk, IPA: [ˈsɫaʋɐ ʊkrɐˈjinʲi] ) is a Ukrainian salute, it is often accompanied by the response "Glory to the heroes!" (Template:Lang-uk, IPA: [ɦeˈrɔjɐm ˈsɫaʋɐ]).

The phrase has gained worldwide attention during the ongoing 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and has subsequently been used in protests in support of Ukraine around the world.[1] It has been used in speeches by Ukrainian politicians like President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, as well as numerous foreign leaders.

History

Ukrainian poet Taras Shevchenko used the phrase in the form "Glory to Ukraine" in a 1840, rev. 1860 poem

Origins

Records of the 15 March 1917 Rada "in support of a democratic and independent Ukraine", from the journal "Nowa Rada". The phrase Glory to Ukraine is underlined.

The exact moment when the greeting was created is controversial. The first component, "Glory to Ukraine", can be found in use as early as the late 19th century and early 20th century, when the phrase with the answer "Glory to all the world!" (По всій землі слава) was associated with the Ukrainian student community of Kharkiv.[2] In 1840 poet Taras Shevchenko used the phrase "Glory to Ukraine" in one of his poems.[3] Same phrase was used during the Ukrainian War of Independence (from 1917 to 1921),[4][5] and later by Ukrainian nationalists in the 1920s and 1930s.[nb 1][6][7] More controversy surrounds the creation of the full greeting, along with the second component, the response "Heroiam slava!" (Glory to the heroes!).

UPA propaganda poster. OUN-UPA's formal greeting is written in Ukrainian on two of the horizontal lines: "Glory to Ukraine—Glory to (her) Heroes"

According to historian Yana Prymachenko the response was also first used in the 1917-1921 Ukrainian war of independence.[8][9]: 58  According to historian Grzegorz Rossoliński-Liebe the greeting was first used by League of Ukrainian Fascists.[10] Another historian Sviatoslav Lipovetsky points out another nationalist group, the League of Ukrainian Nationalists (LUN), as the actual creators of the greeting.[11] Historian Yuriy Yuzych argues, that although such greeting was proposed, the LUN never actually adopted it.[12] Both groups later formed the Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN).

Monument in memory of UPA partisans with the inscription "Glory to Ukraine! Glory to the heroes!", in place of the Janowa Dolina massacre, Bazaltove, Ukraine

In 1930s it became widespread as a slogan of the OUN.[5] According to press reports, during the trials of OUN members after the assassination of Boleslaw Pieracki, the accused performed fascist salutes to the words "Glory to Ukraine!".[13] The first public use of the salute occurred in December 1935 during the interrogation of OUN member Vira Svientsitska, who refused to testify in Polish for which she was fined 200 zlotys or 10 days in jail. As she was being led out of the courtroom, passing by the other defendants, she saluted them with an raised arm and shouted "Glory to Ukraine!", to which they responded with the same. She was sentenced to a day in solitary confinement for this.[14]

Second World War

At the Second Grand Congress of the OUN on 27 August 1939 in Rome, the fascist salute "Glory to the leader!" (Vozhdevi Slava!), who was then Andriy Melnyk.[15] In April 1941, the younger part of the OUN seceded and formed its own organisation, called the OUN-B after its leader Stepan Bandera. At that time, the group adopted many symbols modelled on fascist ones, including the red-black flag and fascist salute with calling "Glory to Ukraine!" and responding "Glory to the Heroes!".[16][17][4][18][5] The greeting became especially popular during the failed attempt to build a Ukrainian state on lands occupied by Germany after its invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941, when triumphal arches with these slogans were erected in numerous Ukrainian cities.[19] Many ordinary Ukrainians abandoned the customary Christian greeting "Glory to Jesus Christ" (Slava Isusu Khrystu) in favour of a new national greeting.[20] For this reason, many religious leaders, including Greek-Catholic Metropolitan Andriy Sheptytskyi, criticised the OUN for the new greeting.[21]

After the creation in the second half of 1942, the the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) took over the salute from the OUN-B, but dropped the fascist-like raising of the right arm above the head.[22] In mid-1943, just before the mass massacres of the Polish population in the Lviv region by the UPA, the Polish Home Army noticed that many Ukrainians had begun to use the greeting "Death to the Poles" (Smert' liakham) while answering "Glory to Ukraine".[23]

Soviet era and late 20th century

The greeting was widespread among Ukrainian diaspora groups and refugee communities in the West during the Cold War. In the Soviet Union, the slogan "Slava Ukraini!" was forbidden and discredited via a decades-long propaganda campaign alongside the diaspora Ukrainian nationalists who used it.[24][4] They were dubbed "Ukrainian bourgeois nationalists", "Banderites", and "Nazi henchmen" by Soviet authorities.[24]

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the slogan began to be heard at rallies and demonstrations.[4] After Ukraine declared independence in 1991, the phrase "Glory to Ukraine" became a common patriotic slogan.[citation needed] In 1995, President of the United States Bill Clinton used the phrase in a speech in Kyiv[25] (together with "God bless America").[26]

Russo-Ukrainian War

A debit card from Ukrainian PrivatBank with the phrase and "Glory to the heroes" response

The phrase has undergone a resurgence in recent times, becoming a popular and prominent refrain during the 2014 Ukrainian revolution, and a symbol of democracy and of resistance against Putin's Russia following the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[24] Canadian historian Serhy Yekelchyk writes that "the nationalist greeting from the 1940s [...] acquired new meaning on the Maidan", and that "when used by protestors, [the slogan] referred to a hoped-for democratic and pro-Western Ukraine and regarded as heroes those who had fallen in service to their cause."[27] According to political scientist Vyacheslav Likhachev, even variations that had far-right connotations lost that meaning during Euromaidan, for example, nearly every public speech, as well as public greetings began/ended with "Glory to Ukraine – glory to the heroes!" He noted that by the Equality March in 2021, the annual LGBTQ+ event in Kyiv, other variations like "Glory to the nation – death to the enemies!" were chanted by participants spontaneously. They had long become ubiquitous enough to lose any aggressive meaning.[28]

On 9 August 2018, Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko announced that "Glory to Ukraine" would be the official greeting of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, replacing "Hello comrades" (Template:Lang-uk).[29] The greeting was used during the Kyiv Independence Day Parade on 24 August 2018.[30] The Ukrainian parliament approved the President's bill on this (in its first reading) on 6 September and on 4 October 2018.[31] Parliament also made Glory to Ukraine the official greeting of the National Police of Ukraine.[32]

The popularization of the phrase was sometimes controversial abroad. After Croatia's 2018 FIFA World Cup victory, Croatia's assistant coach was fined by the football governing body FIFA after posting a video in which he used the slogan. In response, on 10 July 2018, Ukrainian supporters flooded FIFA's Facebook page with over 158,000 comments, most saying "Glory to Ukraine". Russia alleged that the chant has ultra-nationalist connotations.[33] The Football Federation of Ukraine said in a statement that "'Glory to Ukraine' is a commonly used greeting in Ukraine," and that it "should not be interpreted as an act of aggression or provocation".[34]

2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine

"Slava Ukraini" sign at an anti-war protest in Washington, D.C., 27 February 2022

This phrase became very popular among Ukrainian soldiers and their supporters to boost morale following the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[35][36] The slogan has seen worldwide use by protesters in solidarity with Ukraine all over the world, accompanying various demands towards the Russian embassies and the relevant national governments such as excluding Russia from SWIFT and closing airspace over Ukraine.[37]

It has been used in speeches by numerous Ukrainian politicians including President Volodymyr Zelenskyy.[38] It has also been used by foreign leaders including European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen,[39] former British Prime Minister Boris Johnson,[40] New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern,[41] Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte,[42] Croatian Prime Minister Andrej Plenković,[43] U.S. Speaker Nancy Pelosi[44] and the UK's Permanent Representative Barbara Woodward in a speech to the UN.[45] It has been used by commentators and media such as The Times.[46]

On the other hand, the President of Croatia, Zoran Milanović, has criticized the use of the slogan, stating that: "This is the chant of the most radical chauvinists from Western Ukraine who collaborated with Nazis, who killed hundreds of thousands of Poles, Jews, and anyone else they got their hands on".[47][48][49]

Impact

Music

The Norwegian Armed Forces' official composer Marcus Paus composed the song "Slava Ukraini!," loosely inspired by Ukraine's national anthem. Paus released the work on Facebook[50] on 27 February 2022 and described it as a song of resistance; it was recorded two days later by Lithuanian-Norwegian viola player Povilas Syrrist-Gelgota of the Oslo Philharmonic, and was broadcast shortly afterwards by the Norwegian government broadcaster, NRK.[51][52][53][54][55] Paus said that "the work seems to strike a chord with many people, including those who are in the middle of the battle zone. There is no nobler task for music than to unite and comfort people."[51]

Beyond Europe, the song "Glory to Hong Kong" drew inspiration from the slogan for use in the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests.[56] The Chinese edition of Deutsche Welle named "Glory to Hong Kong" the "anthem" of the Hong Kong protests.[57] Describing the song, Chinese Television System News in Taiwan noted that the song had "peaceful vocals coupled with scenes of bloody conflicts between Hong Kong Police and the people" and that by creating "Glory to Hong Kong", Hongkongers recorded their "history of struggling for democracy and freedom".[58] The connection between Ukraine and Hong Kong was received extremely negatively in mainland China, with Chinese commentators alleging American instigation of the Revolution of Dignity and Ukrainian Neo-Nazis meddling in Hong Kong affairs, going uncensored by the Great Firewall.[59][60]

Commemorative currency

The 2 euro commemorative coin issued by the Bank of Estonia in 2022 features the words "Slava Ukraini" (Glory to Ukraine), which was designed by Daria Titova, a Ukrainian refugee studying at the Estonian Academy of Arts.[61][62]

Notes

  1. ^ In his monumental book Kholodny Yar, Yuriy Horlis-Horskyi writes that he heard this phrase from several insurgents who fought in the Kholodny Yar Ukrainian partisan movement (1918–1923). They routinely greeted each other with the phrase "Slava Ukraini!", and the response had to be "Ukraini slava!" (which also means "Glory to Ukraine" but with the words swapped around as is possible and idiomatic in Ukrainian).[4]

References

  1. ^ "'Glory to Ukraine': hundreds of thousands march against Russian invasion". France 24. 27 February 2022. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  2. ^ "Хто і коли вигадав гасло "Слава Україні!"". Історична правда. Retrieved 28 February 2022. Юзич Юрій. Хто і коли вигадав гасло «Слава Україні!» [Електронний ресурс] // Історична правда. — 4 October 2018. — Режим доступу:
  3. ^ "Croatian president likens 'Slava Ukraini' slogan to 'Sieg Heil' salute". euronews. 1 June 2023. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
  4. ^ a b c d e Why Is the International Media Still Repeating Kremlin Propaganda about Ukraine? Archived 20 February 2022 at the Wayback Machine, Atlantic Council (13 July 2018)
    (in Ukrainian) k"Glory to Ukraine!" – the story of the slogan of the struggle for independence Archived 24 February 2022 at the Wayback Machine, Radio Free Europe (19 June 2017)
  5. ^ a b c Radeljić, Branislav (18 January 2021). The Unwanted Europeanness?: Understanding Division and Inclusion in Contemporary Europe. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. ISBN 978-3-11-068425-4. Archived from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 5 January 2023. For instance, the chant, "Glory to Ukraine!" (Slava Ukraini!), followed by "Glory to the Heroes!" (Heroiam slava!), had its origins in Ukraine's national revolution of 1917-1920, but it became widespread as a slogan under the wing of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) under the leadership of Stepan Bandera.
  6. ^ Norris, Stephen M. (3 November 2020). Museums of Communism: New Memory Sites in Central and Eastern Europe. Indiana University Press. p. 91. ISBN 978-0-253-05031-1. Archived from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 3 January 2023. The trial also marked the first time ON members performed a fascist salute in public: Vira Svientsitska, as she was taking the stand, turned toward her fellow defendants, raised her right arm, and declared "Slava Ukraini!" (Glory to Ukraine). All the defendants were found guilty and received life imprisonment; at the end of the verdict, Bandera shouted "Iron and blood will decide between us." His fellow OUN members responded with a shout of "Slava Ukraini!".
  7. ^ Rossoliński-Liebe 2014, p. 152.
  8. ^ Yermolenko, Volodymyr (11 June 2021). "Why Kremlin Propaganda Lies about "Glory to Ukraine - Glory to Heroes" Slogan". UkraineWorld. Retrieved 13 April 2023.
  9. ^ Hrytsak, Yaroslav; et al. (2019). Yermolenko, Volodymyr (ed.). Re-Vision of history. Russian historical propaganda and Ukraine. Kyiv, Ukraine: K.I.S. ISBN 978-617-684-247-7.
  10. ^ Rossoliński-Liebe 2014, p. 70.
  11. ^ Lipovetsky 2010, p. 14.
  12. ^ Yuriy Yuzych. ""Glory to Ukraine!": Who and when was the slogan created?". Istorychna Pravda. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
  13. ^ Rossoliński-Liebe 2014, p. 535.
  14. ^ Rossoliński-Liebe 2014, p. 139-140.
  15. ^ Rossoliński-Liebe 2014, p. 172-173.
  16. ^ Rossoliński-Liebe 2014, p. 536-537.
  17. ^ Katchanovski, Ivan (2014). "The Politics of World War II in Contemporary Ukraine". Journal of Slavic Military Studies. 27 (2): 210–233. doi:10.1080/13518046.2013.844493. Archived from the original on 25 August 2018. The greeting 'Slava Ukraini' (Glory to Ukraine) and a fascist-style hand salute were modeled by the OUN on a basis of similar greetings and salutes by other fascist and semi-fascist parties... The OUN officially adopted these greeting and salute during their second congress in Rome in the end of August 1939, while the OUN-B reconfirmed their official use in a slightly modified form during their congress in German-occupied Krakow in April 1941.
  18. ^ Rudling, Per Anders (30 September 2017). "www.german-foreign-policy.com interviewed Per Anders Rudling about the roots that gave rise to the Ukrainian far right". Archived from the original on 30 September 2017. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
  19. ^ Rossoliński-Liebe 2014, p. 221.
  20. ^ Rossoliński-Liebe 2014, p. 221-222.
  21. ^ Rossoliński-Liebe 2014, p. 224.
  22. ^ Rossoliński-Liebe 2014, p. 263.
  23. ^ Rossoliński-Liebe 2014, p. 269-270.
  24. ^ a b c "New 'Glory to Ukraine' army chant invokes nationalist past". Deutsche Welle. 24 August 2018. Archived from the original on 7 September 2018. Retrieved 6 September 2018.
  25. ^ Broder, John M. (13 May 1995). "Clinton Lauds Kiev for 'Taking the Hard Road'". Archived from the original on 9 May 2022. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
  26. ^ Jehl, Douglas (13 May 1995). "Thousands Turn Out to Cheer Clinton in Ukraine". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 7 June 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2018.
  27. ^ Yekelchyk, Serhy (24 November 2020). Ukraine: What Everyone Needs to Know. Oxford University Press. p. 97. ISBN 978-0-19-753210-2. Archived from the original on 3 April 2023. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
  28. ^ Likhachev, Vyacheslav (1 February 2022). Mörner, Ninna (ed.). "Far Right, Revolution and Symbols in Ukraine". Centre for Baltic and East European Studies. 2021: 177–185. ISBN 978-91-85139-13-2. Archived from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2022 – via diva.
  29. ^ Poroshenko, Petro. "President: The words "Glory to Ukraine! Glory to the Heroes!" will be the official greetings of the Armed Forces of our state". PRESIDENT OF UKRAINE Official website. Government of Ukraine. Archived from the original on 22 April 2019. Retrieved 11 August 2018.
  30. ^ "Ukraine's Independence Day military parade in Kyiv". The Ukrainian Week. Archived from the original on 22 January 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
  31. ^ Ukraine's parliament approves new army, police greeting Archived 9 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine, UNIAN (4 October 2018)
  32. ^ Rada approves salute 'Glory to Ukraine' in Ukrainian army Archived 20 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Interfax-Ukraine (4 October 2018)
  33. ^ "World Cup 2018 Gets Political: The Nazi and anti-Russian Roots of 'Glory to Ukraine'". Ha'aretz. 15 July 2018. Archived from the original on 16 October 2021. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
  34. ^ "Angry Ukraine Fans Deluge FIFA's Facebook Page With Posts". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 11 July 2018. Retrieved 11 July 2018.
  35. ^ Schreck, Carl (7 September 2018). "'Glory To Ukraine!' Is The New National Team's Soccer Slogan A Rallying Cry Or A Fascist Call?". rferl.org. Archived from the original on 8 February 2022. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
  36. ^ Stevis-Gridneff, Matina (11 March 2022). "Europe's Trains Take Fighters to Ukraine, and Bring Back Refugees". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 11 March 2022. 'Slava Ukraini,' he whispered, repeating the rallying cry 'Glory to Ukraine' that's galvanized the country.
  37. ^ Articles, The Times Leading. "The Times view on Ukraine's courage: Slava Ukraini!". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Archived from the original on 5 March 2022. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
  38. ^ "'We won't put down weapons': Zelenskyy vows to fight on in Kyiv". Al Jazeera English. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
  39. ^ "Speech by President von der Leyen at the European Parliament Plenary on the Russian aggression against Ukraine". European Commission. Archived from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
  40. ^ "PM statement to the House of Commons on Ukraine: 24 February 2022". Gov.uk. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022. And in that spirit I join you in saying slava Ukraini.
  41. ^ "Russia invasion of Ukraine: 'Slava Ukraini' - NZ Parliament condemns 'bully' Putin". NZ Herald. Archived from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
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Bibliography

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