Gdańsk

Gdańsk's location in Poland, and the Gdansk/Gdynia/Sopot area in detail

Gdańsk (Also colloquially known by its german name Danzig) is a famous Baltic Sea city with a long and colorful history. Gdansk is the 6th largest city in Poland, its principal seaport, and the capital of the Pomeranian Voivodship.

The city lies on the southern coast of the Gdansk Bay (of the Baltic Sea), in a conurbation with the spa town of Sopot, the city of Gdynia and suburban communities, which together form a metropolitan area called the Tricity with a population of over a million people. Gdansk is, with a population of 460,000 (2002), the largest city in the historical province of Eastern Pomerania.

Gdańsk is situated at the mouth of the Motława river, a branch in the delta of the Vistula, whose waterway system connects 60% of the area of Poland, giving the city a unique advantage as the center of Poland's sea trade. In the past, Gdańsk made the most of this advantage holding the position as Poland's largest city until 1770.

A major regional port since the 14th century and subsequently a principal ship-building centre, today's Gdańsk remains an important industrial centre despite the development in the 1920s of the nearby port of Gdynia.

The city was known since Hanseatic League times as Danzig. This name is still sometimes used colloquially in English as well as other languages.

Origins of its name

The Motlawa River in Gdansk (2002)

The city name of Gdansk is usually interpreted as a town located on Gdania river, which is thought to be the original name of the Motława branch the city is situated on. In the local Kashubian dialect the city is called Gduńsk.

The territory was recorded as Scandza ("Gothic coast") by Jordanes, who recorded the Germanic tribes at the Vistula and the Prussian tribes of the Vidivaria, Ulmigeri and Aesti next to the Germanic tribes at the mouth of the Vistula river. The area was again recorded after 997 in the Vita Adalbertis, the life of Saint Adalbert of Prague, when it was mentioned as Gdansk City (urbs Gyddanyzc), the fortress of the King Boleslaus I of Poland.

The name of a settlement was recorded after St.Adalbert's demise in 997 A.D. as urbs Gyddanyzc and later was written as Kdanzk (1148), Gdanzc (1188), Gdansk (1236), Danzc (1263), Danczk (1311, 1399, 1410, 1414–1438), Danczik (1399, 1410, 1414), Danczig (1414), Gdansk (1454, 1468, 1484), Gdansk (1590), Gdąnsk (1636) and in Latin documents Gedanum or Dantiscum. These early recordings show the Pomeranian name Gduńsk, the Polish name Gdańsk and a simplified German name Danzig (reflecting the presence over many centuries of a German-speaking population).

Alternative spellings from medieval and early modern documents are Gyddanyzc, Kdansk, Gdanzc, Dantzk, Dantzig, Dantzigk, Dantiscum and Gedanum. The official Latin name of Gedanum was used simultaniously.

The municipal community received a seal of 1224 stated as follows: SIGILLUM BURGENSIUM DANTZIKE. After World War I, the city was officially called Freistadt Danzig ("the free city Danzig"), until its annexation by Germany in 1939.

Literature:

• Gdańsk, in: Kazimierz Rymut, Nazwy Miast Polski, Ossolineum, Wrocław 1987
• Hubert Gurnowicz, Gdańsk, in: Nazwy miast Pomorza Gdańskiego, Ossolineum, Wrocław 1978

File:Gdanarms.png

Gdansk coat of arms

Administrations of Gdansk

Administrations of Danzig 1862-1945 Administrations of Gdansk since 1945

The contemporary Gdansk is the capital of the Pomeranian province and one of the major centres of economic and administrative life in Poland. Many vital agencies of the state and local government levels have their main offices here: the Provincial Administration Office, Provincial Government, Ministerial Agency of the State Treasury, and the Agency for Consumer and Competition Protection, National Insurance regional office, Court of Appeal, and High Administrative Court.

Economy

Main article: Economy of Gdansk

See also Ports of the Baltic Sea.

The city's industrial kaleidoscope is dominated by traditional lines of shipbuilding, petrochemical and chemical industry, and food processing. Yet, the share of the know-how-based sectors such as electronics, telecommunication, IT engineering, or cosmetics and pharmaceuticals is on the rise. Amber processing so specific for the local economy is also prominent.

Education

• Politechnika Gdanska (Gdansk)
• Uniwersytet Gdanski (Gdansk)
• Medical Academy of Gdansk
• Phisical Education Academy of Gdansk

Altogether: number of universities: 10 (2001) Number of students: 60,436 (2001) Number of graduates: 10,439 (2001)

many others universities and schools

History

Main article: History of Gdansk (content copied from this article, please focus on most important facts and remove detailed stories)

Early times

Before Gdansk was established, the vicinity was inhabited by populations belonging to the various archealogical cultures of the Stone Age, Bronze Age and Iron Age. Settlements existed in the area for several centuries before the birth of Christ. The coast was called 'Gothiscandza' by Jordanes; Tacitus also referred to it in his Germania. Both historians believed the area to be populated.

It is known that the Kashubians migrated to the area, but it is sure they sttled in neighboring areas in Pomerania with the general Slavic people's movement to the north and west from the Pripjet marshes after 600. There are traces of a crafts and fishing settlement from 8th–9th, and —in the 10th century— an important strongold of the Pomeranian dukes and at least 1.000 inhabitants.

Foundation of the City

Although there were already wooden structures, the year 997 has in recent years been considered to be the date of the foundation of the city itself, as the year in which Saint Adalbert of Prague (sent by the Polish king Boleslav the Brave to conquer Prussia) travelled through the castle of Gdańsk (Gyddanyzc): in 1997 Poland celebrated the millennium of Gdańsk's foundation by Mieszko I, Duke of later socalled Poland, who all received to compete with the ports of Szczecin and Wolin on the Oder River.

Mieszko I and son received land in lien and the ducal title from the Ottonian emperors and in 1000 Gdańsk belonged to the territory later called Pomerania, and to the bishopric in Kolobrzeg (never actually in use), from ca 1015 to the Pomeranian bishopric in Kruszwica, and in 1124 the town had been assigned to the diocese of Wloclawek (Cuiavia and Pomerania), while several crusades were ordered by the popes, to 'christianize' the pagan Prussians and Pomeranians, who for centuries defended semselves again take-over attempts by the rest of the Polish tribes.

Spellings of the name from medieval and early modern documents are Gyddanzyc, Kdansk, Gdanzc, Dantzk, Dantzk, Dantzig, Dantzigk, Dantiscum and Gedanum.

Capital of the Pomeranian Duchy (1138–1294/1308)

In the 12th century, Poland was divided into several provinces under the overlordship of the High-duke of Cracow. In reality the duchy of Pomerania was regaining more and more independence. Gdańsk was the capital of an entire dynasty of the dukes, the most famous being Mestwin I (1207–1220) Swantipolk II the Great (1215–1266) and Mestwin II (1271–1294)

In ca. 1235 the city had some 2.000 inhabitants and was granted a charter (by the duke Swantipolk) incorporating the Lübeck rights. More and more merchants from the Hansa cities of Lübeck and Bremen settled in the city. Officially chartered as a city in 1224, it rose to become one of the more important trading and fishing ports along the Baltic Sea coast.

In 1282/1294 Mestwin II, the last duke of Eastern Pomerania ceded all his lands including Gdańsk to imperial Duke (later King) Przemysl II of Poland. After his assassination in 1296, the city was temporary ruled by the kings of Bohemia and Poland, Wenceslaus II and his son Wenceslaus III.

Occupation by the Teutonic Knights (1308–1454)

At the beginning of the 14th century, the region was plunged into war involving Poland and Brandenburg to the west. Brandenburg's claim to Gdańsk and Pomerania was based on a treaty of August 8, 1305 between Brandenburg's rulers and Wenceslaus III, promising the Meissen territory to the Bohemian crown in exchange for Gdansk Pomerania (the contract was not made).

During the course of the war, Gdansk was seized (November 1308) by the Teutonic Knights, called in by Wladislaw Lokietek of Poland. All the inhabitants of the city, both Polish and German, were brutally slaughtered ( this is utter nonsense). The Teutonic Order continued its invasion of the Polish lands, incorporating them into its domains. In September 1309, Margrave Waldemar of Brandenburg sold his claim to the territory to the Teutonic Order for 10,000 marks. Since then the city first became called by its German name "Danzig". This was the start of a series of conflicts between Poland and the Teutonic Order. The massacre is sometimes disputed by some, but nevertheless after the supposed event there was some stagnation and even reversal in development of Gdansk, which could confirm it.

Initially the new rulers tried to reduce the economic significance of Gdańsk, by abolishing the local government and the priviledges of the Lubeck traders. This apparently relates to the fact that the Gdańsk city council members, including Arnold Hecht and Conrad Leczkow, were in 1411 removed and beheaded. Later they had to accept the fact that Gdańsk defended its independence and was the biggest seaport of the region after overtaking Elblag, another nearby Hanse city in importance. Subsequently the city flourished, benefiting from major investment and economic prosperity in Prussia and Poland, which stimulated trade along the Vistula. The city had become a full member of the Hanseatic League by 1361, but its merchants remained resentful at the barriers to the trade up the Vistula river to Poland, along with the lack of political rights in a state ruled in the interest of the Order's religiously-motivated knight-monks.

Possesion of Gdansk by the Teutonic Order was questioned all the time by the Polish kings Wladyslaw the Elbow Hihg and Casimir the Great what led to a series of bloody wars and legal-suits in the papal court in 1320 and 1333. Finally in 1343 peace was concluded when the Teutonic Knights accepted that they control Gdansk Pomerania as an alm or gift of Polish kings, and they also acknolegded the fuedal overlordship of Poland. Polish rights to Pomerania were no longer questioned and the Polish kings retained the title Duke of Pomerania.

Leader of Royal Prussia (1454/66–1793)

In 1440, Gdańsk joined the nearby Hanseatic cities of Elblag and Torun to form the Prussian Confederation, which was supported by Casimir IV of Poland in its rebellion (February 1454) against the Teutonic Order's rule. The resulting "War of the Cities" or Thirteen Years' War ended with the Order's defeat and its surrender to the Polish crown (Second Treaty of Thorn, October 1466) of its rights in Gdańsk Pomerania and the rest of the area subsequently known as "Polish" or Royal Prussia.

The 15th and 16th centuries brought changes to the city's cultural heritage. These changes could be seen in the arts, language, and contributions to the world of science. In 1471, a refurbished sailing ship under captain Paul Beneke brought the famous altar painting titled: Latest Judgement (Jüngste Gericht) by artist Hans Memling to the city. Around 1480–1490, tablets were installed at St. Mary's church, depicting the Ten Commandments (1) in the Low German language.

In 1566, the official language of the city's governing institutions was changed from the Low German used throughout the Hanseatic cities to High German.

Georg Joachim Rheticus visited the mayor of Gdańsk in 1539, while he was working with Nicolaus Copernicus in nearby Frombork. The mayor gave Rheticus financial assistance for the publication of the Narratio Prima, published by the in the city by the printer Rhode in 1540 and to this day considered the best introduction to the Copernican theory. While in Gdańsk, Rheticus, who was also a cartographer and navigational instrument maker, interviewed pilots as to their navigational needs. He presented the Tabula chorographica auff Preusse to Duke Albert of Prussia in 1541.

The city struggled to remain as independent member of the Hanseatic League through the 16th century against various pressures (see Albrecht IV Giese, a councilman and member of a long established Gdansk patrician family, for details).

Local printer Andreas Hünefeld(t) (Hunsfeldus) (1606–1652) printed a Gdańsk edition of the Rosicrucian Manifestos. Later on, he published the poems of Martin Opitz. The famous poet Opitz had died in 1639 and his friend, the pastor of Gdańsk, known as Bartholomaeus Nigrinus, together with two associates edited the Opitz poems for the Hünefeld printing house.

In 1606 a distillery named Der Lachs (the Salmon) was founded , which produced one of Gdańsk's most famous products, a liqueur named Danziger Goldwasser ("Gdańsk gold water"), made from herbs and with small 22-carat gold flakes floating in the bottle. The recipe for this went with those expelled in 1945 to western Germany, where it continued to be produced.

From the 14th century until the mid-17th century Gdansk experienced rapid growth, becoming the largest city on the Baltic seaboard by the 16th century owing to its large trade with the Netherlands and its handling of most of Poland's seaborne trade, transported up north via the Vistula river. The city's prosperity was severely damaged, however, by the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) and the Second Northern War (1655–1660), and it suffered an epidemic of bubonic plague in 1709.

Gdańsk took part in all Hanseatic League conferences until the last one in 1669. By that time the United Provinces and other long-distance overseas commercial powers had overtaken the Baltic trade centres such as Danzig.

In 1743 a Gdansk Research Society (Naturforschende Gesellschaft in Danzig) was formed by Daniel Gralath.

In the Kingdom of Prussia (1793–1806, 1815–1919)

In the first of the late 18th century Partitions of Poland (1772), the German-speaking inhabitants of Gdansk fought fiercely to stay independent, while the majority of Polish Pomerania fell to the Kingdom of Prussia. Danzig was surrounded by the Prussian territories until 1793, when it was incorporated into the Prussian kingdom as part of the province of West Prussia, reverting under Napoleon Bonaparte to direct Prussian rule after a second brief period (1807–14) as a free city.

From the first partition of Poland, the city lost its function as the principal port for Polish exports via the Baltic, and ceased to be the region's largest port as it experienced a prolonged economic and demographic slump.

With the industrial revolution and the steam engine trains, ships, and industrial machinery in nearby Ellag and Ferdinand Schichau's Schichau Werke gained the upper hand for the city of Elblag again. Schichau later constructed a large shipyard in Gdansk as well, however.

From 1824 until 1878, East and West Prussia were combined as a single province under the Prussian kingdom. But although Gdansk was a part of Kingdom of Prussia, it was never a member of the 1815–1866 German Confederation (Deutsche Bund). After the Confederation's dissolution, the city was included, along with the rest of Prussia in the North German Confederation in 1867 and the newly created German Empire in 1871.

Free City — Freie Stadt Danzig; Wolne Miasto Gdańsk (1920–1939)

Following Germany's defeat in World War I, the Allied powers in the Treaty of Versailles (1919) decided to create the Free City of Danzig (under a commissioner appointed by the League of Nations) covering the city itself, the seaport, and a small surrounding territory. The purpose of this decision was to enable the Poles to use Gdansk again as their chief port, while not subordinating the German population of the city to direct Polish rule. The League of Nations rejected the citizens' petition to have their city officially named as the Free Hanseatic City of Danzig (Freie Hansastadt Danzig). However, the League recognized them as citizens of Gdansk with a seperate Freistadt Danzig citizenship, and thus as no longer possessing German citizenship.

The strategic aim of Poland was to regain free access to the open sea, and the territory settlement given to Poland in the Treaty of Versailles was a good opportunity for this. The Polish government also hoped to return to the relationship Poland had with its main port of Gdansk before 1772. However, at a crucial time of Polish-Soviet war, when the Soviet army was approaching Warsaw Warsaw, Gdansk workers went on strike to block delivery of ammunition to the Polish army. This move set both sides into the conflict that marks the history of the Free City of Danzig.

A customs union with Poland was created by the allied powers, which gave the Gdansk port of Westerplatte to the Polish republic as a Polish military transit depot. The separation of the Gdansk port, post office and customs office under the treaty was said to be justified by Poland's need for direct access to the Baltic Sea. Poland then stationed small squad of troops at Westerplatte. Due to massive resentment by the German inhabitants of Gdansk, the Poles, using large foreign investments, began building a large port in Gdynia, just 25 km away from Gdansk . Unlike Gdansk, Gdynia was a direct possesion of Poland and soon became known as "Poland's window outside".

After World War I a massive inflow of Poles into the area occurred. Before the war, Gdynia had been a small fishing village and spa with 1000 inhabitants. With Poland's large investments in Gdynia, the city had over 100,000 inhabitants 20 years later.

Due to the Polish-German trade war of 1925–1934, Poland was more focused then ever in its history on international trade. For example, the new railway line was build to connect Silesia with the coast and the new tariffs made it very cheap to send goods through Polish ports rather then German ones. Gdynia became the biggest port on the Baltic sea, but Gdansk also profited from the prosperity. Nevertheless, Poland frequently resorted to economical sanctions during conflicts with the authorities of the Free City, and Gdansk suffered greatly as a result.

The strong economy of the late 1920s was not well-used by Gdansk, as the leaders of the city were more interested in preparing the way for a future reunion with Germany than in developing better relations with Poland.

The Free City of Danzig (German Freie Stadt Danzig) issued its own stamps and currency (the Gulden). Many examples of stamps and coins, bearing the legend Freie Stadt Danzig, survive in collections. The general desire of the inhabitants was for an eventual reunion with Germany, and elections in the city generally gave success to nationalist elements. This culminated in the election of a Nazi Party government in Gdansk's elections of May 1933, shortly after Hitler's accession to power in Germany.

German incorporation of Gdansk was one of the nationalistic territorial claims that every government of the Weimar Republic had put on its agenda. When the Nazi government came to power in Germany in 1933, it had the government of Gdansk stage a military incident in Gdansk in 1934. Ultimately, though, Germany, which had not begun yet to openly rearm, decided to compromise rather than risk war with what was then a much larger Polish army.

A Polish-German non-aggression agreement was signed and the Free City's government was ordered by the Nazis to stop making problems between Poland and Danzig. Poland and Gdansk entered a brief period of good economic cooperation and prosperity. Neverthless, a totalitarian society was being constructed, and being a member of minority groups — either Polish or Jewish — required stamina in the face of everyday acts of violence and persecutions.

In 1939 the Jewish community decided that all members should leave, not only Gdansk, but the whole region, as they realised it would be soon in the hands of Nazis. This was successfully achieved.

World War II (1939–1945)

Following the annexation of Austria and the Sudetenland, Germany in October 1938 urged the free city's cession to Germany. Not surprisingly, Poland refused to accept this threat and was eventually backed in its stance by the governments of France and the United Kingdom, disturbed by Hitler's occupation of Prague in March of 1939. On September 1, 1939, German troops invaded Poland, initiating World War II. On September 2 Germany officially annexed the Free City. The Nazi regime murdered the Polish postmen defending the Polish Post Office after the COF: this was one of the first war crimes during WWII. Other Polish soldiers defending the Westerplatte stronghold surrendered after 7 days of fighting. The German commander returned the sword to the Polish commander for putting up a brave fight. In October 1939, Gdansk, together with the rest of the Polish Pomerania to the south and west, became the German Reichsgau (administrative district) of Danzig-West Prussia (Danzig-Westpreussen).

Poles as well as German dissidents were sent to concentration camps, mainly the neighbouring Stutthof, where 85,000 of locals perished. An estimate 60,000 members of the Kashub and Polish intelligentsia were killed in the Piasnica mass murder site.

At the beginning of 1945 Germany began to evacuate civilians from Gdansk. Most of the German population fled the city, many by seaborne evacuation to Schleswig-Holstein. This happened during the winter, under heavy allied bombing and in constant danger of submarines.

On March 30, 1945 the Soviet Army seized Danzig. In the following days, Soviet soldiers had a completely free hand in the city. In Gdansk there were scenes of brutal violence, rapes, murders, and robbery, and eventually the city was set on fire.

The official German history estimates that about 100,000 Danzigers — 40% of the city's pre-war population — lost their lives in the war, including the evacuation and Soviet capture of the city.

Post-WWII

Already before the end of World War II, the Yalta Conference had agreed to place Gdansk, under de facto Polish administration, and this decision was confirmed at the Potsdam Conference. A treaty between Poland and the German Democratic Republic in 1950 ceded Gdansk and other areas to Poland. However, due to the absence of a formal peace treaty and the powerful influence of the eastern refugee lobby in West Germany, the Federal Republic did not recognize the new border until the inception of Willy Brandt's Ostpolitik in 1970. The borders were reaffirmed by a treaty with reunited Germany in 1990.

Following the war a Communist-led Polish administration was declared in Gdansk. Nevertheless, the city was seriously devastated.

After the war ended, nearly all citizens of Germany that returned and remained in the city were recognized as enemy aliens. Poles widely blamed the Danzigers for bringing about the Second World War.

Most of the Germans had to face special verification committees that had to judge their personal behaviour during the war. Many failed, even if their families' roots in Danzig/Gdansk went back many centuries, or they were of Kashubian descent, but had shown their support for Germany during WWII. The commitees are often criticised, since they were established by a communist government and their members were not always competent.

Later on, questions of citizenship were the subject of judicial process. Nevertheless, if somebody was granted Polish citizenship, he was not able to emigrate to Germany on his volition. After 1948, Stalin made the Polish government close the border for those who wanted to join their families in Germany. People of German origin were repressed and had to obtain special permissions for emigration.

In the whole process, most of the pre-war German citizens of Danzig fled to the Federal Republic.

New Polish residents were settled in Gdansk from other parts of Poland and from Polish-speaking areas east of the Curzon Line that were annexed by the Soviet Union after WWII. Many local Kasubs also moved into the city. The city was thus transformed from a city where German was the principal language — portrayed, for instance, in Danzig native Günter Grass's novels The Tin Drum and Dog Years — into a city were most people spoke Polish.

Eventually, Polish artisans restored much of the old city's architecture, 90 percent destroyed in the war, but removed nearly all German inscriptions. All German names of streets, buildings, shipyards and districts were changed to their Polish names, such as Długi Targ for Langemarkt (Long Market), the city's main pedestrian center.

Gdansk, once again Poland's principal port, was the scene of anti-government demonstrations which led to the downfall of Poland's communist leader Wladyslaw Gomulka in December 1970, and ten years later was the birthplace of the Solidarity trade union movement, whose opposition to the government led to the end of communist party rule (1989) and the election as president of Poland of its leader Lech Walesa. It remains today a major port and industrial city.

A list of the 173 mayors of the City of Gdansk/Danzig from 1347 to March 1945 was compiled by the current Gdansk city government and can be found on their recent website with the invitation for the "First World Gdańsk Reunion", which took place in May 2002.

Famous people born in Danzig or Gdansk

• Joannes Dantiscus 1485, poet, church canon and bishop
• Bernhard von Reesen 1490
• Albrecht IV Giese 1524
• Anton van Obberghen, 1543, architect
• Anton Möller, 1563, painter
• Johannes Hevelius, astronomer, 1611
• Georg Daniel Schultz 1615
• Andreas Schlüter 1660
• Jacob Theodor Klein 1685
• Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736), physicist and engineer
• Daniel Gralath 1708
• Louise Adelgunde Gottsched 1713
• Daniel Chodowiecki 1726, painter
• Johann Wilhelm Archenholz 1741
• Georg Forster 1754
• Johanna Schopenhauer 1766
• Johannes Daniel Falk 1768
• Arthur Schopenhauer 1788
• Max Halbe 1865
• Günter Grass, b. 1927, writer and philosopher
• Wawrzyniec Samp, b. 1939, sculptor and grapic artist
• Ryszard Grodnicki, b. 1947, painter, photographer
• Krzysztof Kolberger, b. 1950, actor
• Jerzy Samp, b. 1951, writer and hostorian
• Paweł Huelle, b. 1957, writer and journalist
• Donald Tusk, b. 1957, politician, jornalist and historian
• Dariusz Michalczewski, b. 1968, boxer

Famous people living or working in Gdansk

• Lech Walesa, b. 1943, trade unions activist, politician, president of Poland (1990–1995)

Modern division into neighbourhoods

The City of Gdansk is divided into 30 quarters:

nr name population area in km2 density os/km2 1 Osowa 8053 13,6 592 2 Oliwa 22431 18,5 1209 3 &#379abianka, Jelitkowo 23145 2,1 10923 4 Przymorze Ma&#322e 18017 2,3 7786 5 Przymorze Wielkie 36260 3,3 10840 6 VII Dwór 4879 3,2 1 507 7 Strzy&#380a 6569 1,2 5 571 8 Zaspa-M&#322yniec 16471 1,3 13144 9 Zaspa-Rozstaje 15118 1,9 7833 10 Brze&#378no 16514 2,7 6123 11 Matarnia 5613 14,9 376 12 Br&#281towo 7944 7,4 1074 13 Wrzeszcz 65427 9,9 6622 14 Letnica 2024 4,5 452 15 Nowy Port 12913 2,3 5603 16 Piecki-Migowo 23593 3,8 6224 17 Suchanino 12937 1,3 9812 18 Siedlce 17584 2,6 6684 19 Wzgórze Mickewicza 2578 0,6 4268 20 Anio&#322ki 6774 2,3 2949 21 M&#322yniska 4551 4,0 1136 22 Stogi z Przeróbk&#261 19866 16,9 1173 23 &#346ródmiecie 39770 5,5 7219 24 Krakowiec-Górki Zachodnie 2301 8,8 261 25 Wyspa Sobieszewska 3570 34,3 104 26 Kokoszki 4659 20,0 233 27 Che&#322m i Gda&#322sk Po&#322udnie 43264 30,8 1404 28 Orunia-Sw.Wojciech-Lipce 20317 19,7 1032 29 Olszynka 3514 7,7 458 30 Rudniki 2104 14,5 145 Population ca.1000: 1,000 inhabitants ca.1235: 2,000 inhabitants ca.1600: 40,000 inhabitants ca.1650: 70,000 inhabitants ca.1700: 50,000 inhabitants ca.1750: 46,000 inhabitants 1793: 36,000 inhabitants 1800: 48,000 inhabitants 1825: 61,900 inhabitants 1840: 65,000 inhabitants 1852: 67,000 inhabitants 1874: 90,500 inhabitants 1880: 108,500 inhabitants 1900: 140,600 inhabitants 1910: 170,300 inhabitants 1920: city+rural areas = 360,000 inhabitants (85–90% Germans, 10–15% Poles) 1925: 210,300 inhabitants 1939: 250,000 inhabitants 1946: 118,000 inhabitants 1950: ? inhabitants 1960: 286,900 inhabitants 1970: 365,600 inhabitants 1975: 421,000 inhabitants 1980: 456,700 inhabitants 1990: ? inhabitants 1994: 464,000 inhabitants 2000: ? inhabitants 2002 : 460,000 inhabitants See also: Population of the Tricity metropolitan area (Gdańsk, Gdynia, Sopot). Culture to be written yet Further reading (ed.) E. Cieślak, Historia Gdańska, vol. I–II, Gdańsk 1978 E. Cieślak, C. Biernat, Dzieje Gdańska, Gdańsk 1969 P. Simson, Geschichte der Stadt Danzig, vol. 1–4, Danzig 1913–18 H. Samsonowicz, Badania nad kapitałem mieszczańskim Gdańska w II połowie VX wieku., Warszawa 1960 Cz. Biernat, Statystyka obrotu towarowego Gdańska w latach 1651–1815., Warszawa 1962 M. Bogucka, Gdańsk jako ośrodek produkcyjny w XIV–XVII wieku., Warszawa 1962 M. Bogucka, Handel zagraniczny Gdańska w pierwszej połowie XVII wieku, Wrocław 1970 H. Górnowicz, Z. Brocki, Nazwy miast Pomorza Gdańskiego, Wrocław 1978 Gminy województwa gdańskiego, Gdańsk 1995 Gerard Labuda (ed.), Historia Pomorza, vol. I-IV, Poznań 1969–2003 L. Bądkowski, Pomorska myśl polityczna, Gdańsk 1990 W. Odyniec, Dzieje Prus Królewskich (1454–1772). Zarys monograficzny, Warszawa 1972 (ed.) W. Odyniec, Dzieje Pomorza Nadwiślańskiego od VII wieku do 1945 roku, Gdańsk 1978 L. Bądkowski, W. Samp, Poczet książąt Pomorza Gdańskiego, Gdańsk 1974 B. Śliwiński, Poczet książąt gdańskich, Gdańsk 1997 Józef Spors, Podziały administracyjne Pomorza Gdańskiego i Sławieńsko-Słupskiego od XII do początków XIV w, Słupsk 1983 M. Latoszek, Pomorze. Zagadnienia etniczno-regionalne, Gdańsk 1996 Działacze polscy i przedstawiciele R.P. w Wolnym Mieście Gdańsku, Pomorze Gdańskie nr 9, Gdańsk 1974 B. Bojarska, Eksterminacja inteligencji polskiej na Pomorzu Gdańskim (wrzesień-grudzień 1939), Poznań 1972 K. Ciechanowski, Ruch oporu na Pomorzu Gdańskim 1939–1945., Warszawa 1972 Dziedzictwo kulturowe Pomorza nad Wisłą, Pomorze Gdańskie nr 20, Gdańsk 1997 External links The Website of Gdansk Town Hall Together in Gdansk Again — Comprehensive information about Gdansk online 1598 map of Pomerania and western Prussia with Dan(t)zig c.1630 map of Prussia with Dantzk Map c 1701 of Royal Prussia and free city of Danzig Free City of Gdansk stamps www.danzig-online.de — Informationen über Danzig www.danzig.de — Geschichte und Menschen einer alten Hansestadt The Federation of Germans (now) living in Danzig (Bund der Deutschen Minderheit in Danzig) Internet directories Open Directory Project — Gdańsk ChefMoz Dining Guide — Gdańsk [[pl:Gda%F1sk]]