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{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Short description|A short description. See Wikipedia:Short description for details.}}
{{Events by month|1988}}
{{Hatnote|<nowiki>Use only if necessary. {{For}} and {{About}} are also templates you can use for this purpose.</nowiki>}}
{{Other uses|Subject's last name (disambiguation)}}


{{About year|1988}}
<!-- The Infobox person entries are examples only. -->
{{Year nav|1988}}
{{Infobox person
{{C20 year in topic}}
| name = Socrates (example)
'''1988''' ([[Roman numerals|MCMLXXXVIII]]) is the current year, and is a [[leap year starting on Friday]] of the [[Gregorian calendar]], the 1988th year of the [[Common Era]] (CE) and ''[[Anno Domini]]'' (AD) designations, {{Year article header/year number|1988}}.
| image = socrates.png
| caption = The Ancient Greek philosopher
| birth_date = 470 BC
| birth_place =
| death_date = 399 BC
| death_place =
| occupation = [[Philosopher]]
| spouse = [[Xanthippe]]
| parents =
| children =
}}


1988 was a crucial year in the early history of the [[Internet]]—it was the year of the first well-known [[computer virus]], the [[Morris worm|1988 Internet worm]]. The first permanent intercontinental Internet link was made between the United States ([[National Science Foundation Network]]) and Europe (Nordunet) as well as the first Internet-based chat protocol, [[Internet Relay Chat]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://daniel.haxx.se/irchistory.html|title=History of IRC (Internet Relay Chat)|website=daniel.haxx.se|access-date=October 17, 2020|archive-date=September 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919170547/https://daniel.haxx.se/irchistory.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The concept of the [[World Wide Web]] was first discussed at [[CERN]] in 1988.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/1988/0324/omac.html |title=Look out, Yugoslavia, there's a Big Mac attack coming on! First McDonald's opens in a communist country, and the fans are lining up |author=The Christian Science Monitor |date=March 24, 1988 |work=[[The Christian Science Monitor]] |access-date=October 18, 2015 |archive-date=December 22, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222093640/http://www.csmonitor.com/1988/0324/omac.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
'''Subject's complete name''' (birthdate &ndash; death) can be a lead-in to the '''subject's popular name'''. Describe the subject's nationality and profession(s) in which the subject is most notable. Provide a description of the subject's major contributions in the immediately relevant field(s) of notable expertise.


The [[Soviet Union]] began its major deconstructing towards a [[mixed economy]] at the beginning of 1988 and is in the process of its [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union|gradual dissolution]]. The [[Iron Curtain]] began to disintegrate in 1988 as [[People's Republic of Hungary|Hungary]] began allowing freer travel to the [[Western world]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/07/31/weekinreview/the-world-visit-from-grosz-hungary-and-the-us-finally-face-to-face.html |title=THE WORLD: Visit From Grosz; Hungary and the U.S., Finally Face to Face |first=David |last=Binder |date=July 31, 1988 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=February 14, 2017 |archive-date=December 3, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203111215/http://www.nytimes.com/1988/07/31/weekinreview/the-world-visit-from-grosz-hungary-and-the-us-finally-face-to-face.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The first [[extrasolar planet]], [[Gamma Cephei Ab]] (confirmed in 2003), was detected this year and the [[World Health Organization]] began its mission to [[Eradication of polio|eradicate polio]]. [[Global warming]] also began to emerge as a more significant concern, with climate scientist [[James Hansen]] testifying before the U.S. Senate on the issue.
<nowiki>To add pictures, use this format: [[File:Photo.ext|thumb|Photo caption]].</nowiki>


== Biography ==
==Events==
Ensure that the following sections are organized by year.<ref name="example">Last, first (date). [https://example.com/ Name of page]. Page xx. Publisher: xxxx</ref>


=== Early life ===
===January===
* January – The cargo ship ''[[Khian Sea waste disposal incident|Khian Sea]]'' deposits 4,000 tons of toxic waste in [[Haiti]] after wandering around the Atlantic for sixteen months.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cunningham|first=William P & Mary A|title=Principles of Environmental Science|year=2004|publisher=McGraw-Hill Further Education|isbn=0-07-291983-3|page=[https://archive.org/details/principlesofenvi0000cunn/page/ Chapter 13, Further Case Studies]|url=https://archive.org/details/principlesofenvi0000cunn/page/}}</ref>
Explain the subject's early life historically using a journalistic style.<ref name="example"/>
* [[January 1]] – The Soviet Union begins its program of economic restructuring ([[perestroika]]) with legislation initiated by Premier [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] (though Gorbachev had begun minor restructuring in 1985).<ref>{{cite book|author=Abel Aganbegyan|title=Inside Perestroika: The Future of the Soviet Economy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eePZAAAAMAAJ|year=1990|publisher=Harper & Row|isbn=978-0-06-091694-7|page=2}}</ref>
* [[January 7]]–[[January 8|8]] – In the [[Soviet–Afghan War|Afghan War]], 39 men of the [[Soviet Airborne Troops]] from the [[345th Independent Guards Airborne Regiment]] fight off an attack by 200 to 250 [[Mujahideen]] in the [[Battle for Hill 3234]], later dramatized in the Russian film ''[[The 9th Company]]''.<ref>{{cite book|title=Infantry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EAQ7AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA15|year=1990|publisher=U.S. Army Infantry School|page=15|access-date=June 23, 2021|archive-date=December 7, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207091138/https://books.google.com/books?id=EAQ7AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA15#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[January 13]] – Vice-president [[Lee Teng-hui]] takes over as President of the [[Republic of China]] and Chairman of the [[Kuomintang]] following the death of [[Chiang Ching-kuo]].<ref>{{cite book | last = Tsang | first = Steve | title = In the shadow of China: political developments in Taiwan since 1949 | publisher = University of Hawaii Press | location = Honolulu | year = 1993 | isbn = 978-0-8248-1583-7 | page=127}}</ref>
* [[January 26]] – Upon request of Hubert Michon, [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Rabat|archbishop of Rabat]], two [[Trappists|Trappist]] monks come to Fez and start a community that will later become the [[Priory of Our Lady of Atlas|Priory of Our Lady of the Atlas]].<ref name="Flachaire">{{cite journal |last1=Flachaire |first1=Jean-Pierre |title=Le monastère Notre Dame de l'Atlas au Maroc |journal=Collectanea Cisterciensia |date=2006 |volume=68 |pages=1–18 |url=https://www.moines-tibhirine.org/images/biblio-texte/historique.pdf |access-date=17 December 2023}}</ref>


=== Marriage and children ===
===February===
* [[February 12]] – The [[1988 Black Sea bumping incident]]: Soviet frigate ''[[Ukrainian frigate Dnipropetrovsk|Bezzavetnyy]]'' intentionally rams [[USS Yorktown (CG-48)|USS ''Yorktown'']] in Soviet territorial waters while ''Yorktown'' claims [[innocent passage]]. The accompanying US [[destroyer]] {{USS|Caron|DD-970|6}} escapes damage.<ref>{{cite journal |author=William J. Aceves |title= Diplomacy at Sea: U.S. Freedom of Navigation Operations in the Black Sea|journal= International Law Studies|volume=68}}</ref>
If the subject married and gave birth, describe the marriage and list their children.
* [[February 13]]–[[February 28|28]] – The [[1988 Winter Olympics]] are held in [[Calgary]], [[Alberta]], Canada.<ref>{{cite book|title=Michigan Municipal Review|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LnqQAAAAMAAJ|year=1988|publisher=Michigan Municipal League|page=3|access-date=March 29, 2020|archive-date=December 7, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207091222/https://books.google.com/books?id=LnqQAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[February 17]]
** [[1988 Oshakati bomb blast]]: A bomb explodes outside the [[First National Bank (South Africa)|First National Bank]] in [[Oshakati]], [[Namibia]], killing 27 and injuring 70.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/20/world/bomb-kills-14-near-a-base-in-namibia.html|title=Bomb Kills 14 Near a Base in Namibia|work=The New York Times|date=1988-02-20|access-date=March 29, 2020|archive-date=March 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329120833/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/20/world/bomb-kills-14-near-a-base-in-namibia.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
** U.S. Lieutenant Colonel [[William R. Higgins]], serving with a [[United Nations]] group monitoring a truce in southern [[Lebanon]], is kidnapped (and later killed by his captors).
* [[February 20]] – The [[Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast]] votes to secede from the [[Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic]] and join the [[Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic|Armenian SSR]], triggering the [[First Nagorno-Karabakh War]].
* [[February 23]] – Start of [[Anfal campaign]], a genocidal [[counterinsurgency]] operation within the [[Iran–Iraq War]] carried out by [[Ba'athist Iraq]]i forces led by [[Ali Hassan al-Majid]] on the orders of President [[Saddam Hussein]] that will kill between 50,000 and 182,000 [[Kurds]] in [[Iraqi Kurdistan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hrw.org/reports/1993/iraqanfal/|title=Genocide in Iraq|publisher=Human Rights Watch|location=New York|date=July 1993|access-date=2021-06-18|archive-date=July 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722223330/https://www.hrw.org/reports/1993/iraqanfal/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/iraq501/events_anfal.html|title=The Crimes of Saddam Hussein – 1988: The Anfal Campaign|first=Dave|last=Johns|work=PBS Frontline|date=2006-01-24|access-date=2021-06-18|archive-date=January 12, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112000344/http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/iraq501/events_anfal.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[February 25]] – The constitution of the [[Sixth Republic of Korea]] comes into effect.
* [[February 27]]–[[February 29|29]] – [[Collapse of the Soviet Union]]: The [[Sumgait pogrom]] of Armenians occurs in [[Sumqayit]].
* [[February 29]] – A [[Nazi]] document implicates [[Kurt Waldheim]] in [[World War II]] deportations.


===March===
*[[Subject's son]] (birthdate &ndash; death) If notable, provide a brief single-line description.
* [[March 6]] – [[Operation Flavius]]: A [[Special Air Service]] team of the [[British Army]] shoots dead 3 unarmed members of a [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]] (IRA) [[Active service unit]] in [[Gibraltar]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/7/newsid_2516000/2516155.stm|title=IRA gang shot dead in Gibraltar|work=On This Day|publisher=[[BBC]]|access-date=2013-03-16|date=March 7, 1988|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080307010143/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/7/newsid_2516000/2516155.stm |archive-date=March 7, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Subject's daughter]] (birthdate &ndash; death) If notable, provide a brief single-line description.
* [[March 16]]
** The [[Halabja chemical attack]] is carried out by [[Iraq]]i government forces.<ref>{{cite book|title=Biological Weapons: The Threat Posed by Terrorists - Congressional Hearing|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HeBNs909KKoC&pg=PA196|date=October 2000|publisher=DIANE Publishing|isbn=978-0-7567-0278-6|page=196|access-date=November 6, 2020|archive-date=December 7, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207091228/https://books.google.com/books?id=HeBNs909KKoC&pg=PA196#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref>
** [[Iran–Contra affair]]: Lieutenant Colonel [[Oliver North]] and Vice Admiral [[John Poindexter]] are indicted on charges of conspiracy to defraud the United States.
** [[Milltown Cemetery attack]]: Three men are killed and 70 wounded in a gun and grenade attack by [[Michael Stone (loyalist)|loyalist paramilitary Michael Stone]] on mourners at [[Milltown Cemetery]] in [[Belfast]], [[Northern Ireland]], during the funerals of the 3 [[Provisional Irish Republican Army|IRA]] members killed in Gibraltar.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/16/newsid_2523000/2523953.stm|title=Three shot dead at Milltown Cemetery|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=2008-02-02|date=March 16, 1988|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080102044140/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/16/newsid_2523000/2523953.stm |archive-date=January 2, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref>
** In the United States, the [[First Republic Bank Corporation|First Republic Bank]] of Texas fails and enters FDIC receivership, the largest FDIC assisted bank failure in history.<ref>{{cite book|title=Managing the Crisis: The FDIC and RTC Experience 1980-1994|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TisFEvj_7KAC&pg=PA598|year=1998|publisher=Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation|isbn=978-0-9661808-2-4|page=598|access-date=June 23, 2021|archive-date=December 7, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207091139/https://books.google.com/books?id=TisFEvj_7KAC&pg=PA598#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[March 17]]
** A [[Colombia]]n [[Boeing 727]] jetliner, [[Avianca Flight 410]], crashes into the side of the mountains near the [[Venezuela]]n border, killing 143 people.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 727-21 HK-1716 Cúcuta-Camilo Daza Airport (CUC) |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19880317-0 |access-date=2024-02-02 |website=aviation-safety.net}}</ref>
** [[Eritrean War of Independence]] – [[Battle of Afabet]]: The Nadew Command, an [[Ethiopia]]n army corps in [[Eritrea]], is attacked on 3 sides by military units of the [[Eritrean People's Liberation Front]] (EPLF).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=The Battle of Afabet – Annihilation of Nadew Command |url=https://zantana.net/the-battle-of-afabet-annihilation-of-nadew-command/ |access-date=2024-02-02 |website=zantana.net |language=en}}</ref>
* [[March 19]] – [[Corporals killings]] in Belfast: Two British Army corporals are abducted, beaten and shot dead by [[Irish republicanism|Irish republicans]] after driving into the funeral cortege of [[Provisional Irish Republican Army|IRA]] members killed in the [[Milltown Cemetery attack]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/htmlContent.jhtml?html=/archive/1997/06/21/nkane21.html |title=Judges free man jailed over IRA funeral murders |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=2008-02-02 |location=London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040906065655/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/htmlContent.jhtml?html=%2Farchive%2F1997%2F06%2F21%2Fnkane21.html |archive-date=September 6, 2004 }}</ref>
* [[March 20]] – [[Eritrean War of Independence]]: Having defeated the Nadew Command, the EPLF enters the town of [[Afabet]], victoriously concluding the Battle of Afabet.<ref name=":0" />
* [[March 24]] – The first [[McDonald's]] restaurant in a country run by a [[Communist party]] opens in Belgrade, [[Yugoslavia]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-03-24-mn-510-story.html|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|title=Yugoslavs Relish Opening of McDonald's in Belgrade|date=March 24, 1988|access-date=July 25, 2013|archive-date=January 16, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116141539/http://articles.latimes.com/1988-03-24/news/mn-510_1_big-mac|url-status=live}}</ref> It was later followed by one in [[Budapest]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-08-05 |title=This is how the first McDonald's was opened in Hungary during communism - Daily News Hungary |url=https://dailynewshungary.com/first-mcdonalds-opened-hungary-communism/ |access-date=2024-02-02 |website=dailynewshungary.com |language=en-US}}</ref> and in 1990 in Moscow,<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 31, 2019 |title=When a Canadian brought McDonald's fast food to Moscow |url=https://www.cbc.ca/archives/first-mcdonalds-moscow-1990-1.4980247 |access-date=February 2, 2024 |website=CBC Archives}}</ref> and [[Shenzhen, China]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-12-04 |title=The History of McDonald's in China |url=https://blogs.transparent.com/chinese/the-history-of-mcdonalds-in-china/ |access-date=2024-02-02 |website=Chinese Language Blog {{!}} Language and Culture of the Chinese-Speaking World}}</ref>
* [[March 25]] – The [[Candle demonstration in Bratislava]], [[Slovakia]], is the first mass demonstration of the 1980s against the socialist government in [[Czechoslovakia]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 17, 2023 |title=The Candle Demonstration reminds Slovaks of the power of the people |url=https://www.mzv.sk/en/web/en/slovakia/history/the-candle-demonstration-reminds-slovaks-of-the-power-of-the-people |access-date=February 2, 2024 |website=Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of the Slovak Republic}}</ref>


=== Death ===
===April===
[[File:OperationPrayingMantis-IS Alvand.jpg|thumb|200px|The Iranian frigate, IS ''Alvand'', attacked by US Navy forces during [[Operation Praying Mantis]]]]
[''If applicable''] '''Legacy''' If any, describe. See [[Charles Darwin]] for an example.
* [[April 5]] – [[Kuwait Airways Flight 422]] is hijacked while en route from [[Bangkok]], [[Thailand]], to [[Kuwait]]. The hijackers demand the release of 17 [[Shiite Muslims|Shiite Muslim]] prisoners held by Kuwait. Kuwait refuses to release the prisoners, leading to a 16-day siege across 3 continents. Two passengers are killed before the siege ends.<ref name= Smh.au>{{cite web |author1=Antony Walker |title=Flashback: The deadly hijacking of Kuwait Airways Flight 422 |url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/flashback-the-deadly-hijacking-of-kuwait-airways-flight-422-20180405-h0ydyj.html |website=smh.com.au |publisher=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |access-date=6 May 2024 |language=English |date=5 April 2018 }}</ref>
* [[April 10]] – The [[Ojhri Camp|Ojhri Camp Disaster]] occurs in [[Islamabad]] and [[Rawalpindi]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aziz |first=Shaikh |date=2016-02-07 |title=The Ojhri Camp disaster — Who's to blame? |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1237794 |access-date=2024-02-02 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en}}</ref>
* [[April 14]]
** In the [[Geneva Accords (1988)|Geneva Accords]], the [[Soviet Union]] commits itself to withdrawal of its forces from [[Afghanistan]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ottaway |first=David B. |date=April 15, 1988 |title=Agreement on Afghanistan signed in Geneva |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1988/04/15/agreement-on-afghanistan-signed-in-geneva/c7288c64-6764-4e73-9bc5-7eeb48f7827d/ |access-date=February 2, 2024 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref>
** The [[USS Samuel B. Roberts (FFG-58)|USS ''Samuel B. Roberts'' (FFG-58)]] strikes a [[naval mine]] in the [[Persian Gulf]], while deployed on [[Operation Earnest Will]], during the [[Iran–Iraq War#Attacks on shipping|Tanker War]] phase of the [[Iran–Iraq War]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Samuel B. Roberts (FFG-58) |url=https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/nhhc/browse-by-topic/ships/modern-ships/uss-samuel-b--roberts--ffg-58-.html |access-date=2024-03-28 |website=NHHC|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604152754/https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/nhhc/browse-by-topic/ships/modern-ships/uss-samuel-b--roberts--ffg-58-.html|archive-date=June 4, 2024}}</ref>
* [[April 16]] – [[Israel]]i commandos kill the [[Palestine Liberation Organization|PLO]]'s [[Abu Jihad]] in [[Tunisia]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Shmulovich |first1=Michal |title=24 years later, Israel acknowledges top-secret operation that killed Fatah terror chief |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-admits-to-top-secret-operation-that-killed-top-fatah-commander-abu-jihad-in-1988/ |website=The Times of Israel |access-date=3 January 2024}}</ref>
* [[April 18]] – The United States Navy retaliates for the {{USS|Samuel B. Roberts|FFG-58|6}} mining with [[Operation Praying Mantis]], in a day of strikes against [[Iran]]ian oil platforms and naval vessels.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 19, 1988 |title=U.S. STRIKES 2 IRANIAN OIL RIGS AND HITS 6 WARSHIPS IN BATTLES OVER MINING SEA LANES IN GULF |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/19/world/us-strikes-2-iranian-oil-rigs-hits-6-warships-battles-over-mining-sea-lanes-gulf.html |website=The New York Times}}</ref>
* [[April 20]] – The world's longest skyjacking comes to an end when the remaining passengers of [[Kuwait Airways Flight 422]] are released by their captors.<ref name= Smh.au/>
* [[April 28]] – [[Aloha Airlines Flight 243]] safely lands after losing its roof in midair, killing a flight attendant and injuring 65 people.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR8903.pdf|title=Aircraft Accident Report, Aloha Airlines Flight 243, Boeing 737-100, N73711, Near Maui, Hawaii, April 28, 1998|date=June 14, 1989|publisher=[[National Transportation Safety Board]]|id=NTSB/AAR-89/03|access-date=February 5, 2016|archive-date=January 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120112357/https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR8903.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[April 30]] – [[World Expo 88]] opens in [[Brisbane]], Queensland, Australia.


===May===
== Philosophical and/or political views ==
* [[May 8]] – [[François Mitterrand]] is [[1988 French presidential election|re-elected]] as [[President of France]] for 7 years.
Wikipedia is [[WP:NOT#SOAPBOX|not a soapbox]] for individuals to espouse their views. However, views held by politicians, writers, and others may be ''summarized'' in their biography only to the extent those views are covered by [[WP:RS|reliable sources]] that are ''independent'' of the control of the politician, writer, etc.
* [[May 15]] – [[Soviet–Afghan War]]: After more than 8 years of fighting, the [[Soviet Army]] begins [[Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan|its withdrawal from Afghanistan]].

* [[May 16]]–[[May 18|18]] – [[1988 Gilgit massacre]]: A revolt by the Shias of Gilgit (in northern Pakistan) is ruthlessly suppressed by the Zia-ul Haq regime.
== Published works ==
* [[May 27]]–[[May 29|29]] – [[Somaliland War of Independence]]: [[Somali National Movement]] launches a [[1988 Hargeisa-Burao offensive|major offensive]] against Somali government forces in [[Hargeisa]] and [[Burao]], then second and third largest cities of [[Somalia]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Binet|first=Laurence|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LboiAQAAQBAJ|title=Somalia 1991-1993: Civil War, Famine Alert and a UN "Military-Humanitarian" Intervention|date=2013-10-03|publisher=Médecins Sans Frontières|page=214|language=en|access-date=January 18, 2022|archive-date=December 7, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207091216/https://books.google.com/books?id=LboiAQAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":21">{{Cite book|last=Tekle|first=Amare|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xbQTEF0rd7wC&pg=PA152|title=Eritrea and Ethiopia: From Conflict to Cooperation|date=1 January 1994|publisher=The Red Sea Press|isbn=978-0-932415-97-4|page=152|access-date=January 18, 2022|archive-date=December 7, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207091141/https://books.google.com/books?id=xbQTEF0rd7wC&pg=PA152#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref>
If any, list the works organized by date of publication. See [[Charles Darwin]] for an example.
* May 29–June 3 – The [[Moscow Summit (1988)|Moscow Summit]] meeting between [[United States|U.S.]] [[President of the United States|President]] [[Ronald Reagan]] and [[General Secretary of the Communist Party]] of the [[Soviet Union]] [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] takes place, where the [[Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty]] (INF) was finalized.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 June 1988 |title=Joint Document: 'Realistic Approach' to Reducing Nuclear Risk |agency=Reuters |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/02/world/moscow-summit-joint-document-realistic-approach-to-reducing-nuclear-risk.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm |url-access=registration |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240812165557/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/02/world/moscow-summit-joint-document-realistic-approach-to-reducing-nuclear-risk.html |archive-date=12 August 2024 |newspaper=The New York Times |volume=137 |issue=47524}}</ref>

== Recognition ==
Include honours, decorations, awards, and distinctions in this section, if any.

==See also==
List related Wikipedia articles in alphabetical order. Common nouns are listed first. Proper nouns follow.
*[[autobiography]]
*[[biography]]

==References/Notes and references==
[[Wikipedia:Cite sources|Always cite your sources!]] [[Wikipedia:No original research|No original research!]]

{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
Add links to further readers' research.

==External links==
List official websites, organizations named after the subject, and other interesting yet relevant websites. No spam.

{{Authority control}}

)

Revision as of 17:23, 23 October 2024

This article is about the year 1988. For other uses, see 1988 (disambiguation).
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sandbox.

1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) is the current year, and is a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1988th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 988th year of the 2nd millennium, the 88th year of the 20th century, and the 9th year of the 1980s decade.

1988 was a crucial year in the early history of the Internet—it was the year of the first well-known computer virus, the 1988 Internet worm. The first permanent intercontinental Internet link was made between the United States (National Science Foundation Network) and Europe (Nordunet) as well as the first Internet-based chat protocol, Internet Relay Chat.[1] The concept of the World Wide Web was first discussed at CERN in 1988.[2]

The Soviet Union began its major deconstructing towards a mixed economy at the beginning of 1988 and is in the process of its gradual dissolution. The Iron Curtain began to disintegrate in 1988 as Hungary began allowing freer travel to the Western world.[3] The first extrasolar planet, Gamma Cephei Ab (confirmed in 2003), was detected this year and the World Health Organization began its mission to eradicate polio. Global warming also began to emerge as a more significant concern, with climate scientist James Hansen testifying before the U.S. Senate on the issue.

Events

January

February

March

April

The Iranian frigate, IS Alvand, attacked by US Navy forces during Operation Praying Mantis

May

  1. ^ "History of IRC (Internet Relay Chat)". daniel.haxx.se. Archived from the original on September 19, 2016. Retrieved October 17, 2020.
  2. ^ The Christian Science Monitor (March 24, 1988). "Look out, Yugoslavia, there's a Big Mac attack coming on! First McDonald's opens in a communist country, and the fans are lining up". The Christian Science Monitor. Archived from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved October 18, 2015.
  3. ^ Binder, David (July 31, 1988). "THE WORLD: Visit From Grosz; Hungary and the U.S., Finally Face to Face". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 3, 2017. Retrieved February 14, 2017.
  4. ^ Cunningham, William P & Mary A (2004). Principles of Environmental Science. McGraw-Hill Further Education. p. Chapter 13, Further Case Studies. ISBN 0-07-291983-3.
  5. ^ Abel Aganbegyan (1990). Inside Perestroika: The Future of the Soviet Economy. Harper & Row. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-06-091694-7.
  6. ^ Infantry. U.S. Army Infantry School. 1990. p. 15. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved June 23, 2021.
  7. ^ Tsang, Steve (1993). In the shadow of China: political developments in Taiwan since 1949. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. p. 127. ISBN 978-0-8248-1583-7.
  8. ^ Flachaire, Jean-Pierre (2006). "Le monastère Notre Dame de l'Atlas au Maroc" (PDF). Collectanea Cisterciensia. 68: 1–18. Retrieved December 17, 2023.
  9. ^ William J. Aceves. "Diplomacy at Sea: U.S. Freedom of Navigation Operations in the Black Sea". International Law Studies. 68.
  10. ^ Michigan Municipal Review. Michigan Municipal League. 1988. p. 3. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved March 29, 2020.
  11. ^ "Bomb Kills 14 Near a Base in Namibia". The New York Times. February 20, 1988. Archived from the original on March 29, 2020. Retrieved March 29, 2020.
  12. ^ "Genocide in Iraq". New York: Human Rights Watch. July 1993. Archived from the original on July 22, 2020. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  13. ^ Johns, Dave (January 24, 2006). "The Crimes of Saddam Hussein – 1988: The Anfal Campaign". PBS Frontline. Archived from the original on January 12, 2012. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  14. ^ "IRA gang shot dead in Gibraltar". On This Day. BBC. March 7, 1988. Archived from the original on March 7, 2008. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
  15. ^ Biological Weapons: The Threat Posed by Terrorists - Congressional Hearing. DIANE Publishing. October 2000. p. 196. ISBN 978-0-7567-0278-6. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
  16. ^ "Three shot dead at Milltown Cemetery". BBC News. March 16, 1988. Archived from the original on January 2, 2008. Retrieved February 2, 2008.
  17. ^ Managing the Crisis: The FDIC and RTC Experience 1980-1994. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. 1998. p. 598. ISBN 978-0-9661808-2-4. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved June 23, 2021.
  18. ^ "ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 727-21 HK-1716 Cúcuta-Camilo Daza Airport (CUC)". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  19. ^ a b "The Battle of Afabet – Annihilation of Nadew Command". zantana.net. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  20. ^ "Judges free man jailed over IRA funeral murders". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on September 6, 2004. Retrieved February 2, 2008.
  21. ^ "Yugoslavs Relish Opening of McDonald's in Belgrade". Los Angeles Times. March 24, 1988. Archived from the original on January 16, 2014. Retrieved July 25, 2013.
  22. ^ "This is how the first McDonald's was opened in Hungary during communism - Daily News Hungary". dailynewshungary.com. August 5, 2017. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  23. ^ "When a Canadian brought McDonald's fast food to Moscow". CBC Archives. January 31, 2019. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  24. ^ "The History of McDonald's in China". Chinese Language Blog | Language and Culture of the Chinese-Speaking World. December 4, 2017. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  25. ^ "The Candle Demonstration reminds Slovaks of the power of the people". Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of the Slovak Republic. March 17, 2023. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  26. ^ a b Antony Walker (April 5, 2018). "Flashback: The deadly hijacking of Kuwait Airways Flight 422". smh.com.au. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved May 6, 2024.
  27. ^ Aziz, Shaikh (February 7, 2016). "The Ojhri Camp disaster — Who's to blame?". DAWN.COM. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  28. ^ Ottaway, David B. (April 15, 1988). "Agreement on Afghanistan signed in Geneva". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  29. ^ "Samuel B. Roberts (FFG-58)". NHHC. Archived from the original on June 4, 2024. Retrieved March 28, 2024.
  30. ^ Shmulovich, Michal. "24 years later, Israel acknowledges top-secret operation that killed Fatah terror chief". The Times of Israel. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
  31. ^ "U.S. STRIKES 2 IRANIAN OIL RIGS AND HITS 6 WARSHIPS IN BATTLES OVER MINING SEA LANES IN GULF". The New York Times. April 19, 1988.
  32. ^ "Aircraft Accident Report, Aloha Airlines Flight 243, Boeing 737-100, N73711, Near Maui, Hawaii, April 28, 1998" (PDF). National Transportation Safety Board. June 14, 1989. NTSB/AAR-89/03. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 20, 2021. Retrieved February 5, 2016.
  33. ^ Binet, Laurence (October 3, 2013). Somalia 1991-1993: Civil War, Famine Alert and a UN "Military-Humanitarian" Intervention. Médecins Sans Frontières. p. 214. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved January 18, 2022.
  34. ^ Tekle, Amare (January 1, 1994). Eritrea and Ethiopia: From Conflict to Cooperation. The Red Sea Press. p. 152. ISBN 978-0-932415-97-4. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved January 18, 2022.
  35. ^ "Joint Document: 'Realistic Approach' to Reducing Nuclear Risk". The New York Times. Vol. 137, no. 47524. Reuters. June 2, 1988. Archived from the original on August 12, 2024.
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