Jump to content

Amir al-Sha'bi: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
→Influence: khatib al baghdadi source
adding the political thoughs
Line 45: Line 45:
Al-Sha'bi was of the leading Muslim chronicler who focused on narratives on the Islamic history discipline of Maghazi (expeditions and conquests). His narrations are scattered in many books. His narration style were greatly religious driven.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Al-Leheabi |first1=Saleh Muhammad Zeki Mahmood |title=Motives Affecting History Writing During the Period from Second Century to Fifth Century AH, as an example |journal=المؤرخ المصري |date=2020 |volume=56 |issue=14 |page=9; Al Dinori, Abu Mohammad Abdullah Bin Moslem Bin Qutayba (died in 276 AH),( 2010) Oyon Al Akhbar, Beirut, Edition 1, Scientific books house |doi=10.21608/ehjc.2020.121973 |s2cid=229082224 |url=https://journals.ekb.eg/article_121973.html |access-date=10 November 2021|doi-access=free }}</ref>
Al-Sha'bi was of the leading Muslim chronicler who focused on narratives on the Islamic history discipline of Maghazi (expeditions and conquests). His narrations are scattered in many books. His narration style were greatly religious driven.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Al-Leheabi |first1=Saleh Muhammad Zeki Mahmood |title=Motives Affecting History Writing During the Period from Second Century to Fifth Century AH, as an example |journal=المؤرخ المصري |date=2020 |volume=56 |issue=14 |page=9; Al Dinori, Abu Mohammad Abdullah Bin Moslem Bin Qutayba (died in 276 AH),( 2010) Oyon Al Akhbar, Beirut, Edition 1, Scientific books house |doi=10.21608/ehjc.2020.121973 |s2cid=229082224 |url=https://journals.ekb.eg/article_121973.html |access-date=10 November 2021|doi-access=free }}</ref>


Al-Sha'bi gained huge reputation that caliph ʿ[[Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan]] entrusted him with the education of his children.<ref>[[Al-Jahiz|al-Jāḥiẓ]], ''al-Bayān wa l-tabyīn'', ed. ʿAbd al-Salām Muḥammad Hārūn, 4 voll., Il Cairo, 1968, II, p. 251.</ref> Al-Sha'bi became a judge of Kufa during the tenure of [[Ziyad ibn Abihi]] as governor of the city.<ref name="Ibn Asakir Tarikh Madinat" /> [[Ibn Sirin]] met al-Sha'bi first time during his tenure in Kufa.<ref name="Ibn Asakir Tarikh Madinat">{{cite book |author1=Ibn Asakir |author1-link=Ibn Asakir |editor=Umar ibn Ġarāma al-ʿUmarī |title=Tarikh Madinat al-Dimashq |trans-title=History of the Damascus city |year=1996 |publisher=Dār al-Fikr |location=Beirut |page=342 |url=https://archive.org/details/tabazm/taba14/page/n141/mode/2up?view=theater|access-date=5 August 2024 |language=Ar |chapter=XXV}}</ref>
Al-Sha'bi gained huge reputation that caliph ʿ[[Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan]] entrusted him with the education of his children.<ref>[[Al-Jahiz|al-Jāḥiẓ]], ''al-Bayān wa l-tabyīn'', ed. ʿAbd al-Salām Muḥammad Hārūn, 4 voll., Il Cairo, 1968, II, p. 251.</ref> Al-Sha'bi became a judge of Kufa during the tenure of [[Ziyad ibn Abihi]] as governor of the city.<ref name="Ibn Asakir Tarikh Madinat;342" /> [[Ibn Sirin]] met al-Sha'bi first time during his tenure in Kufa.<ref name="Ibn Asakir Tarikh Madinat;342">{{cite book |author1=Ibn Asakir |author1-link=Ibn Asakir |editor=Umar ibn Ġarāma al-ʿUmarī |title=Tarikh Madinat al-Dimashq |trans-title=History of the Damascus city |year=1996 |publisher=Dār al-Fikr |location=Beirut |page=342 |url=https://archive.org/details/tabazm/taba14/page/n141/mode/2up?view=theater|access-date=5 August 2024 |language=Ar |chapter=XXV}}</ref>


Al-Sha'bi was described as physically skinny.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Abdillah |first1=Ridho |title=SIAPAKAH YANG PANTAS DISEBUT ULAMA?: 44 Kisah Ulama Panutan Sepanjang Sejarah |date=2016 |publisher=Darul Falah |page=96 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_uW3DwAAQBAJ&q=Amir+bin+Syurahbil+asy-Sya%27bi |access-date=10 November 2021}}</ref>
Al-Sha'bi was described as physically skinny.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Abdillah |first1=Ridho |title=SIAPAKAH YANG PANTAS DISEBUT ULAMA?: 44 Kisah Ulama Panutan Sepanjang Sejarah |date=2016 |publisher=Darul Falah |page=96 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_uW3DwAAQBAJ&q=Amir+bin+Syurahbil+asy-Sya%27bi |access-date=10 November 2021}}</ref>
Line 53: Line 53:


Regarding inheritances, al-Sha'bi based his fatwa on the legal opinion of [[Ibn Abbas]]. In particular, the notable [[fatwa]] produced by al-Sha'bi was the Fiqh ruling of the [[:ar:ميراث الخنثى المشكل|inheritance regarding intersex (Hermaphrodite) person]], or ''Khunta Al-Mushkal''; which in Islamic jurisprudence means his or her physical (genital organs) and sexual characteristics (beard, breaths, menstruation) cannot be determined; hence the [[qiyas]] (jurisprudensic analogy deduction) of this fatwa ruled that a hermaphrodite person gets the portion of the inheritance from their parents in a combined shares (both as male and female). [[Hanafi school]] adopted Al-Sha'bi fatwa for their rulings of hermaphrodite inheritance.<ref>{{cite book |title=Muslims' Inheritance law in Mindanao - Philippines - A guide for beginners; chapter 5 |year=2014 |page=244 |url=https://eprints.ums.ac.id/31351/9/8_CHAPTER_V.pdf |publisher=[[Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta]] |language=En}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ميراث الخنثى المشكل |trans-title=Hermaphrodite's inheritance|year=2017 |url=https://mail.almerja.net/reading.php?idm=79377 |website=almerja.net |access-date=5 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=Abu Bakr Mas'ud bin Ahmad al-Kasani |title=فروع الفقه الحنفي |trans-title=Branches of Hanafite jurisprudence |year=1986 |publisher=دار الكتب العلمية |page=329 |url=https://www.islamweb.net/ar/library/content/12/3525/ |access-date=5 August 2024 |language=Ar |chapter=7}}</ref> [[Ibn Qudamah]] has recorded the [[Hanbali]] school takes this rulings of Al-Sha'bi that if a questioned hermaphrodite still not reaching puberty when the inheritance from the parents is about to be shared.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Ibn Qudamah |author1-link=Ibn Qudamah |title=كتاب: المغني |trans-title= Kitab al-Mughni (the enricher) |page=158 |url=http://www.wfws.al-eman.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D9%86%D9%8A%20**/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%A9:%20%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AB%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%86%D8%AB%D9%89%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%84/i299&d208575&c&p1 |access-date=5 August 2024 |language=Ar}}</ref> [[Shafiʽi school|Shafii]] schools also adopted this approach if a gender of a person cannot be described.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=PUMBAYA |first1=ALIAH MARUHOM |title=MUSLIMS' INHERITANCE LAW IN MINDANAO – PHILIPPINES: A GUIDE FOR BEGINNERS |journal=THESIS Presented to Islamic Studies Department Graduate School of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements Prescribed in Masters' Degree in Islamic Law |date=2014 |url=http://eprints.ums.ac.id/31351/ |access-date=10 November 2021 |ref=MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA INDONESIA}}</ref>
Regarding inheritances, al-Sha'bi based his fatwa on the legal opinion of [[Ibn Abbas]]. In particular, the notable [[fatwa]] produced by al-Sha'bi was the Fiqh ruling of the [[:ar:ميراث الخنثى المشكل|inheritance regarding intersex (Hermaphrodite) person]], or ''Khunta Al-Mushkal''; which in Islamic jurisprudence means his or her physical (genital organs) and sexual characteristics (beard, breaths, menstruation) cannot be determined; hence the [[qiyas]] (jurisprudensic analogy deduction) of this fatwa ruled that a hermaphrodite person gets the portion of the inheritance from their parents in a combined shares (both as male and female). [[Hanafi school]] adopted Al-Sha'bi fatwa for their rulings of hermaphrodite inheritance.<ref>{{cite book |title=Muslims' Inheritance law in Mindanao - Philippines - A guide for beginners; chapter 5 |year=2014 |page=244 |url=https://eprints.ums.ac.id/31351/9/8_CHAPTER_V.pdf |publisher=[[Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta]] |language=En}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ميراث الخنثى المشكل |trans-title=Hermaphrodite's inheritance|year=2017 |url=https://mail.almerja.net/reading.php?idm=79377 |website=almerja.net |access-date=5 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=Abu Bakr Mas'ud bin Ahmad al-Kasani |title=فروع الفقه الحنفي |trans-title=Branches of Hanafite jurisprudence |year=1986 |publisher=دار الكتب العلمية |page=329 |url=https://www.islamweb.net/ar/library/content/12/3525/ |access-date=5 August 2024 |language=Ar |chapter=7}}</ref> [[Ibn Qudamah]] has recorded the [[Hanbali]] school takes this rulings of Al-Sha'bi that if a questioned hermaphrodite still not reaching puberty when the inheritance from the parents is about to be shared.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Ibn Qudamah |author1-link=Ibn Qudamah |title=كتاب: المغني |trans-title= Kitab al-Mughni (the enricher) |page=158 |url=http://www.wfws.al-eman.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D9%86%D9%8A%20**/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%A9:%20%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AB%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%86%D8%AB%D9%89%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%84/i299&d208575&c&p1 |access-date=5 August 2024 |language=Ar}}</ref> [[Shafiʽi school|Shafii]] schools also adopted this approach if a gender of a person cannot be described.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=PUMBAYA |first1=ALIAH MARUHOM |title=MUSLIMS' INHERITANCE LAW IN MINDANAO – PHILIPPINES: A GUIDE FOR BEGINNERS |journal=THESIS Presented to Islamic Studies Department Graduate School of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements Prescribed in Masters' Degree in Islamic Law |date=2014 |url=http://eprints.ums.ac.id/31351/ |access-date=10 November 2021 |ref=MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA INDONESIA}}</ref>

Al-Sha'bi was known for his oppositions against the four emerging political-religious view of [[Qadariyah]], [[Murji'ah]], [[Kharijites]], and [[Shia Islam|Shiite]] during his lifetime.<ref name="Ibn Asakir Tarikh Madinat;372">{{harvtxt|Ibn Asakir |1996 |p=372}}</ref>

Modern historian and Scottish orientalist [[W. Montgomery Watt]] has regarded al-Sha'bi represented of the centric view of Islam and a moderate figure amid the political heat on the wake those religious and political extreme movements.<ref>{{cite book |author1=W. Montgomery Watt |author2=Michael Marmura |author1-link=W. Montgomery Watt |title=Der Islam II Politische Entwicklungen und theologische Konzepte |series=Series: The Religions of Humanity, Volume 25,2 |date=1985 |location=Stuttgart |isbn=978-3-17-005707-4 |pages=61–63. |url=https://shop.kohlhammer.de/der-islam-ii-978-3-17-005707-4.html |access-date=5 August 2024 |language=De}}</ref>



== See also ==
== See also ==

Revision as of 12:38, 5 August 2024

Amir ibn Sharahil al-Sha'bi
عامر بن شراحيل الشعبي
TitleImam
Personal
Bornc. 641 CE[citation needed]
Kufa, Iraq
Diedc. 723 (aged 81–82)
Kufa, Iraq
ReligionIslam
EraRashidun-Umayyad
MovementTabi'un
Notable work(s)
Occupation
Muslim leader
Influenced by
Influenced
Part of a series on
Sunni Islam
Beliefs
Five Pillars
Rightly-Guided Caliphs
Sunni schools of law

Others

Sunni schools of theology

In terms of Ihsan:

Contemporary movements
Holy sites
Lists
Islam portal

Abū ʿAmr ʿĀmir ibn Sharāḥīl ibn ʿAbd al-Kūfī al-Shaʿbī (Template:Lang-ar), 641–723, commonly known as Imam al-Sha'bi or al-Sha'bi,[1] was an Arab historian and jurist, as well as an appreciated Tabi'un, born during the rule of Umar ibn al-Khattab.[2]

Al-Sha’bi has been appointed among the first jurists of leading Islamic law, including ʽAbd al-Razzaq al-Sanʽani and Ibn Abi Shaybah.[3] Al-Sha'bi seems to have been interested in reconstructing chronologies of historical events. Accounts attributed to him primarily concern themselves with conquests in eastern provinces of the caliphate, and one deals with the chronology of the life of Muhammad.[4]

Biography

Al-Sha'bi was of the leading Muslim chronicler who focused on narratives on the Islamic history discipline of Maghazi (expeditions and conquests). His narrations are scattered in many books. His narration style were greatly religious driven.[5]

Al-Sha'bi gained huge reputation that caliph ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwan entrusted him with the education of his children.[6] Al-Sha'bi became a judge of Kufa during the tenure of Ziyad ibn Abihi as governor of the city.[7] Ibn Sirin met al-Sha'bi first time during his tenure in Kufa.[7]

Al-Sha'bi was described as physically skinny.[8]

Influence

Al-Sha'bi was considered influential jurist among his contemporary. Ibn Sirin was recorded to asking counsel about Islamic jurisprudence to al-Sha'bi.[9] Makhūl ibn Abī Muslim al-Shamī, another Tabi'un contemporary and prominent Hadith scholar, has praised al-Sha'bi for his jurisprudensic expertise,[10] and his knowledge of sunnah.[11]

Regarding inheritances, al-Sha'bi based his fatwa on the legal opinion of Ibn Abbas. In particular, the notable fatwa produced by al-Sha'bi was the Fiqh ruling of the inheritance regarding intersex (Hermaphrodite) person, or Khunta Al-Mushkal; which in Islamic jurisprudence means his or her physical (genital organs) and sexual characteristics (beard, breaths, menstruation) cannot be determined; hence the qiyas (jurisprudensic analogy deduction) of this fatwa ruled that a hermaphrodite person gets the portion of the inheritance from their parents in a combined shares (both as male and female). Hanafi school adopted Al-Sha'bi fatwa for their rulings of hermaphrodite inheritance.[12][13][14] Ibn Qudamah has recorded the Hanbali school takes this rulings of Al-Sha'bi that if a questioned hermaphrodite still not reaching puberty when the inheritance from the parents is about to be shared.[15] Shafii schools also adopted this approach if a gender of a person cannot be described.[16]

Al-Sha'bi was known for his oppositions against the four emerging political-religious view of Qadariyah, Murji'ah, Kharijites, and Shiite during his lifetime.[17]

Modern historian and Scottish orientalist W. Montgomery Watt has regarded al-Sha'bi represented of the centric view of Islam and a moderate figure amid the political heat on the wake those religious and political extreme movements.[18]


See also

References

  1. ^ Juynboll, G. H. A. (2012-04-24), "al-S̲h̲aʿbī", Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Brill, retrieved 2021-12-08
  2. ^ Al-Khatib, Muhammad Ajaj. "kitab al sunah qabla al Tadwin كتاب السنة قبل التدوين". al-maktaba.org. maktaba. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
  3. ^ Jāḥiẓ; Hārūn, ʻAbd al-Salām Muḥammad Hārūn (1968). Al-Bayān wa-al-tabyīn (in Arabic). Vol. 4 (2 ed.). Al-Qāhirah: Maktabat al-Khānjī. p. 251. OCLC 976642014.
  4. ^ Donner, Fred McGraw (1998). Narratives of Islamic origins: the beginnings of Islamic historical writing. Studies in late antiquity and early Islam. Princeton, N.J: Darwin Press. p. 242. ISBN 978-0-87850-127-4.
  5. ^ Al-Leheabi, Saleh Muhammad Zeki Mahmood (2020). "Motives Affecting History Writing During the Period from Second Century to Fifth Century AH, as an example". المؤرخ المصري. 56 (14): 9; Al Dinori, Abu Mohammad Abdullah Bin Moslem Bin Qutayba (died in 276 AH),( 2010) Oyon Al Akhbar, Beirut, Edition 1, Scientific books house. doi:10.21608/ehjc.2020.121973. S2CID 229082224. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
  6. ^ al-Jāḥiẓ, al-Bayān wa l-tabyīn, ed. ʿAbd al-Salām Muḥammad Hārūn, 4 voll., Il Cairo, 1968, II, p. 251.
  7. ^ a b Ibn Asakir (1996). "XXV". In Umar ibn Ġarāma al-ʿUmarī (ed.). Tarikh Madinat al-Dimashq [History of the Damascus city] (in Arabic). Beirut: Dār al-Fikr. p. 342. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
  8. ^ Abdillah, Ridho (2016). SIAPAKAH YANG PANTAS DISEBUT ULAMA?: 44 Kisah Ulama Panutan Sepanjang Sejarah. Darul Falah. p. 96. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
  9. ^ Muḥammad ibn Ḫalaf Al-Wakīʿ (1947). Mustafa al-Maraghi, 'Abd al-Aziz (ed.). Aḫbār al-quḍāt (751 AD) (in Arabic). Cairo; Riyadh: Alam al-Kutub ; Maktabah Al-Madain. p. 421.
  10. ^ Jamal al-Din al-Mizzi (1988). "XIV". In ʿAuwād Maʿrūf, Bašhār (ed.). Tahḏīb al-kamāl fī asmāʾ ar-rijāl [Refinement of perfection in people's names]. Beirut: Muʾassasat ar-Risāla. p. 35. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
  11. ^ Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi (2001). "XIV". In Maʿrūf, ʿAuwār (ed.). Tārīkḫ al-Baġhdād [History of Baghdad] (in Arabic). Dār al-Ġarb al-islāmī. p. 146. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
  12. ^ Muslims' Inheritance law in Mindanao - Philippines - A guide for beginners; chapter 5 (PDF). Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. 2014. p. 244.
  13. ^ "ميراث الخنثى المشكل" [Hermaphrodite's inheritance]. almerja.net. 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
  14. ^ Abu Bakr Mas'ud bin Ahmad al-Kasani (1986). "7". فروع الفقه الحنفي [Branches of Hanafite jurisprudence] (in Arabic). دار الكتب العلمية. p. 329. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
  15. ^ Ibn Qudamah. كتاب: المغني [Kitab al-Mughni (the enricher)] (in Arabic). p. 158. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
  16. ^ PUMBAYA, ALIAH MARUHOM (2014). "MUSLIMS' INHERITANCE LAW IN MINDANAO – PHILIPPINES: A GUIDE FOR BEGINNERS". THESIS Presented to Islamic Studies Department Graduate School of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements Prescribed in Masters' Degree in Islamic Law. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
  17. ^ Ibn Asakir (1996, p. 372)
  18. ^ W. Montgomery Watt; Michael Marmura (1985). Der Islam II Politische Entwicklungen und theologische Konzepte. Series: The Religions of Humanity, Volume 25,2 (in German). Stuttgart. pp. 61–63. ISBN 978-3-17-005707-4. Retrieved 5 August 2024.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amir_al-Sha%27bi&oldid=1238739571"