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Susan Hicks Beach (1878 – 1965) was an English noblewoman who served as a model for the figure of Britannia on English coinage from 1895 to 1910. She was the travelling companion of the deposed Princess Hélène of Orléans on her journeys to Africa. From World War I onwards she ran the family estate with her sister Victoria and held several voluntary and public service roles.

Early life

Susan was the second daughter of Sir Michael Edward Hicks Beach and his wife Lady Lucy, née Fortescue. She gained the title of Lady when her father was created 1^st Earl of St Aldwyn in 1915. Her siblings included Eleanor, Victoria and Michael, later Viscount Quenington. ^[1]

Britannia

In 1895, while her father was Master of the Mint, the seventeen-year-old Susan posed as Britannia with trident and shield for engraver George William de Saulles, who was designing the British trade dollar for Hong Kong and the Far East.^[2]^[3]^[4]

In 1901, de Saulles was commissioned to design the reverse of the florin on the accession of Edward VII. Susan once again served as the model for Britannia, which prompted controversy as the mint had not held an open competition to select the model.^[5]^[6]^[7] The design remained in circulation until 1910.

Travel

In 1907, Susan was introduced to Princess Hélène of Orléans, who was searching for a travelling companion to come to Africa with her. Susan had already travelled widely, especially in India. Susan joined Hélène’s journey to Egypt in December that year, and they were to travel to Africa together several times over the next ten years.^[8]^[9] Susan kept a journal and photograph album for family use and brought home an anthropological collection.^[10]^[11]^[12]

Hélène's aunt Infanta Eulalia of Spain described their travels:

[Hélène] spends a great deal of her time in Abyssinia... with no companion except an elderly Englishwoman, [she] sets out on a hunting expedition. She is lost in the heart of Africa for months... What she does in Abyssinia nobody knows, if one excepts the elderly Englishwoman.^[8]

Despite this description as 'elderly,' Susan was thirty-two at the time.

Voluntary and public service

Susan and her sister Victoria worked on a Red Cross coffee stall in Rouen during World War I.^[13] In 1916, Susan was Honorary Secretary of Princess Henry of Battenburg’s Colonial Nursing Association, which funded nursing in British colonies.^[14]^[15]^[16]

Susan returned to England in 1916 to care for her father, who died in April that year. Their brother Michael, Viscount Quenington had died of wounds sustained at the battle of Katia the week before, leaving Susan and Victoria in charge of the family's Williamstrip estate and Cockrup Farm. In the 1940s the sisters moved to the Manor House at Fittleton.^[13]

Lady Susan was a Justice of the Peace, a member of Northleach Rural District Council, and chairman of Coln St Aldwyns Parish Council in the 1930s. In the 1940s and 1950s she served on Pewsey Rural District Council.^[13]

After the death of her sister in 1963, she returned to Coln St Aldwyns to live in Lady Lucy cottage, a cottage named after their mother, where she died in 1965.^[13]

References

^ "Unknown Person - Eleanor Lucy, Susan Evelyn and Victoria Alexandrina, daughters of Sir Michael and Lady Lucy Hicks Beach". www.rct.uk. Retrieved 2024-06-26.
^ Seaby, Peter John (1985). The Story of British Coinage. Seaby. p. 161. ISBN 978-0-900652-74-5.
^ "Britannia – the Icon on the Coin | The Royal Mint". www.royalmint.com. Retrieved 2024-06-26.
^ Warner, Marina (2000). Monuments and Maidens: The Allegory of the Female Form. University of California Press. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-520-22733-0.
^ Lamont-Brown, Raymond (1975). Phantom Soldiers. Drake Publishers. p. 149. ISBN 978-0-87749-777-6.
^ justinrobinson (2021-09-21). "Britannia and the Princess". The Coins & History Foundation. Retrieved 2024-06-26.
^ Eustace, Katherine (2006). "Britannia: Some High Points in the History of the Iconography on British Coinage" (PDF). British Numismatic Journal: 332.
^ ^a ^b Hanson, Edward W. (2017-05-13). The Wandering Princess: Princess Helene of France, Duchess of Aosta 1871-1951. Fonthill Media.
^ The Winterton Collection of East Africa & Zanzibar: The photographic collection. Kennys Bookshop. 2002. p. 14.
^ Romero, Patricia W. (1992). Women's Voices on Africa: A Century of Travel Writings. M. Wiener Pub. p. 6. ISBN 978-1-55876-047-9.
^ Cronenwett, Philip N.; Osborn, Kevin; Streit, Samuel Allen (2007). Celebrating Research: Rare and Special Collections from the Membership of the Association of Research Libraries. Association of Research Libraries. p. 185. ISBN 978-1-59407-769-2.
^ "Hicks-Beach, Susan, Lady". Horniman Museum and Gardens. Retrieved 2024-06-26.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Lady Susan Evelyn Hicks Beach (1878-1965) and Lady Victoria Alexandrina Hicks Beach (1879-1963).
^ Doughan, David; Gordon, Professor Peter; Gordon, Peter (2014-06-03). Dictionary of British Women's Organisations, 1825-1960. Routledge. pp. 37–8. ISBN 978-1-136-89770-2.
^ Office, Great Britain Colonial (1916). The Colonial Office List for ... Harrison. pp. XXX.
^ Burdett, Sir Henry C. (1916). Burdett's Hospitals and Charities: Being the Year Book of Philanthropy. Scientific Press. p. 966.

[1] "Unknown Person - Eleanor Lucy, Susan Evelyn and Victoria Alexandrina, daughters of Sir Michael and Lady Lucy Hicks Beach". www.rct.uk. Retrieved 2024-06-26.

[2] Seaby, Peter John (1985). The Story of British Coinage. Seaby. p. 161. ISBN 978-0-900652-74-5.

[3] "Britannia – the Icon on the Coin | The Royal Mint". www.royalmint.com. Retrieved 2024-06-26.

[4] Warner, Marina (2000). Monuments and Maidens: The Allegory of the Female Form. University of California Press. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-520-22733-0.

[5] Lamont-Brown, Raymond (1975). Phantom Soldiers. Drake Publishers. p. 149. ISBN 978-0-87749-777-6.

[6] ustinrobinson (2021-09-21). "Britannia and the Princess". The Coins & History Foundation. Retrieved 2024-06-26.

[7] Eustace, Katherine (2006). "Britannia: Some High Points in the History of the Iconography on British Coinage" (PDF). British Numismatic Journal: 332.

[:0-8] Hanson, Edward W. (2017-05-13). The Wandering Princess: Princess Helene of France, Duchess of Aosta 1871-1951. Fonthill Media.

[9] The Winterton Collection of East Africa & Zanzibar: The photographic collection. Kennys Bookshop. 2002. p. 14.

[10] Romero, Patricia W. (1992). Women's Voices on Africa: A Century of Travel Writings. M. Wiener Pub. p. 6. ISBN 978-1-55876-047-9.

[11] Cronenwett, Philip N.; Osborn, Kevin; Streit, Samuel Allen (2007). Celebrating Research: Rare and Special Collections from the Membership of the Association of Research Libraries. Association of Research Libraries. p. 185. ISBN 978-1-59407-769-2.

[12] "Hicks-Beach, Susan, Lady". Horniman Museum and Gardens. Retrieved 2024-06-26.

[:1-13] Lady Susan Evelyn Hicks Beach (1878-1965) and Lady Victoria Alexandrina Hicks Beach (1879-1963).

[14] Doughan, David; Gordon, Professor Peter; Gordon, Peter (2014-06-03). Dictionary of British Women's Organisations, 1825-1960. Routledge. pp. 37–8. ISBN 978-1-136-89770-2.

[15] Office, Great Britain Colonial (1916). The Colonial Office List for ... Harrison. pp. XXX.

[16] Burdett, Sir Henry C. (1916). Burdett's Hospitals and Charities: Being the Year Book of Philanthropy. Scientific Press. p. 966.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Short description|Model for Britannia on English coins (1878 – 1965)}}
+[[File:Susan Hicks Beach.webp|thumb|Susan Hicks Beach on a voyage to Africa]]
-'''Susan Hicks Beach''' (1878 – 1965) was an English noblewoman who served as a model for the figure of Britannia on English coinage from 1895 to 1910. She was the travelling companion of the deposed [[Princess Hélène of Orléans]] on her journeys to Africa.
+'''Susan Hicks Beach''' (1878 – 1965) was an English noblewoman who served as a model for the figure of Britannia on English coinage from 1895 to 1910. She was the travelling companion of the deposed [[Princess Hélène of Orléans]] on her journeys to Africa. From [[World War I]] onwards she ran the family estate with her sister Victoria and held several voluntary and public service roles.
 == Early life ==
-Susan was the second daughter of [[Michael Hicks Beach, 1st Earl St Aldwyn|Sir Michael Edward Hicks Beach]] and his wife Lady Lucy, ''née'' Fortescue. She gained the title of Lady when her father was created 1<sup>st</sup> Earl of St Aldwyn in 1915.
+Susan was the second daughter of [[Michael Hicks Beach, 1st Earl St Aldwyn|Sir Michael Edward Hicks Beach]] and his wife Lady Lucy, ''née'' Fortescue. She gained the title of Lady when her father was created 1<sup>st</sup> Earl of St Aldwyn in 1915. Her siblings included Eleanor, Victoria and Michael, later Viscount Quenington. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Unknown Person - Eleanor Lucy, Susan Evelyn and Victoria Alexandrina, daughters of Sir Michael and Lady Lucy Hicks Beach |url=https://www.rct.uk/collection/2907329/eleanor-lucy-susan-evelyn-and-victoria-alexandrina-daughters-of-sir-michael-and |access-date=2024-06-26 |website=www.rct.uk |language=en}}</ref>
 == Britannia ==
+[[File:1909 silver florin.jpg|thumb|1909 silver florin featuring Susan Hicks Beach as Britannia]]
-In 1895, while her father was Master of the Mint, the seventeen-year-old Susan posed as Britannia with trident and shield for engraver [[George William de Saulles]], who was designing the British [[trade dollar]] for Hong Kong and the Far East.
+In 1895, while her father was [[Master of the Mint]], the seventeen-year-old Susan posed as Britannia with trident and shield for engraver [[George William de Saulles]], who was designing the British [[trade dollar]] for Hong Kong and the Far East.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Seaby |first=Peter John |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/The_Story_of_British_Coinage/SDtmAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=%22susan+hicks+beach%22&dq=%22susan+hicks+beach%22&printsec=frontcover |title=The Story of British Coinage |date=1985 |publisher=Seaby |isbn=978-0-900652-74-5 |pages=161 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Britannia – the Icon on the Coin {{!}} The Royal Mint |url=https://www.royalmint.com//britannia/britannia-2022/britannia-the-icon-on-the-coin/ |access-date=2024-06-26 |website=www.royalmint.com |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Warner |first=Marina |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Monuments_and_Maidens/IaYwDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22susan+hicks+beach%22&pg=PA49&printsec=frontcover |title=Monuments and Maidens: The Allegory of the Female Form |date=2000 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-22733-0 |pages=49 |language=en}}</ref>
-In 1901, de Saulles was commissioned to design the reverse of the florin on the accession of Edward VII. Susan modelled for him again, which prompted controversy as the mint had not held an open competition to select the model. The design remained in circulation until 1910.
+In 1901, de Saulles was commissioned to design the reverse of the florin on the accession of Edward VII. Susan once again served as the model for Britannia, which prompted controversy as the mint had not held an open competition to select the model.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lamont-Brown |first=Raymond |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Phantom_Soldiers/ASkvAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=%22susan+hicks+beach%22&dq=%22susan+hicks+beach%22&printsec=frontcover |title=Phantom Soldiers |date=1975 |publisher=Drake Publishers |isbn=978-0-87749-777-6 |pages=149 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=justinrobinson |date=2021-09-21 |title=Britannia and the Princess |url=https://coinsandhistoryfoundation.org/2021/09/21/britannia-and-the-princess/ |access-date=2024-06-26 |website=The Coins & History Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Eustace |first=Katherine |date=2006 |title=Britannia: Some High Points in the History of the Iconography on British Coinage |url=https://www.britnumsoc.org/publications/Digital%20BNJ/pdfs/2006_BNJ_76_13.pdf |journal=British Numismatic Journal |pages=332}}</ref> The design remained in circulation until 1910.
 == Travel ==
-In 1907, Susan was introduced to Princess Hélène of Orléans, who was searching for a travelling companion to come to Africa with her. Susan had already travelled widely, especially in India. Susan joined Hélène’s journey to Egypt in December that year, and they were to travel to Africa together several times over the next ten years. Susan kept a journal and photograph album for family use and brought home an anthropological collection.
+In 1907, Susan was introduced to Princess Hélène of Orléans, who was searching for a travelling companion to come to Africa with her. Susan had already travelled widely, especially in India. Susan joined Hélène’s journey to Egypt in December that year, and they were to travel to Africa together several times over the next ten years.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Hanson |first=Edward W. |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/The_Wandering_Princess/EzjbDgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22susan+hicks+beach%22&pg=PT454&printsec=frontcover |title=The Wandering Princess: Princess Helene of France, Duchess of Aosta 1871-1951 |date=2017-05-13 |publisher=Fonthill Media |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/The_Winterton_Collection_of_East_Africa/DEc6AQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=%22susan+hicks+beach%22&dq=%22susan+hicks+beach%22&printsec=frontcover |title=The Winterton Collection of East Africa & Zanzibar: The photographic collection |date=2002 |publisher=Kennys Bookshop |pages=14 |language=en}}</ref> Susan kept a journal and photograph album for family use and brought home an anthropological collection.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Romero |first=Patricia W. |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Women_s_Voices_on_Africa/zf1xAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=%22susan+hicks+beach%22&dq=%22susan+hicks+beach%22&printsec=frontcover |title=Women's Voices on Africa: A Century of Travel Writings |date=1992 |publisher=M. Wiener Pub. |isbn=978-1-55876-047-9 |pages=6 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Cronenwett |first=Philip N. |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Celebrating_Research/ye_gAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=%22susan+hicks+beach%22&dq=%22susan+hicks+beach%22&printsec=frontcover |title=Celebrating Research: Rare and Special Collections from the Membership of the Association of Research Libraries |last2=Osborn |first2=Kevin |last3=Streit |first3=Samuel Allen |date=2007 |publisher=Association of Research Libraries |isbn=978-1-59407-769-2 |pages=185 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hicks-Beach, Susan, Lady |url=https://www.horniman.ac.uk/agent/agent-1831/ |access-date=2024-06-26 |website=Horniman Museum and Gardens |language=en-GB}}</ref>
+Hélène's aunt [[Infanta Eulalia of Spain]] described their travels:<blockquote>[Hélène] spends a great deal of her time in Abyssinia... with no companion except an elderly Englishwoman, [she] sets out on a hunting expedition. She is lost in the heart of Africa for months... What she does in Abyssinia nobody knows, if one excepts the elderly Englishwoman.<ref name=":0" /></blockquote>Despite this description as 'elderly,' Susan was thirty-two at the time.
-== World War I volunteering ==
+== Voluntary and public service ==
+Susan and her sister Victoria worked on a Red Cross coffee stall in Rouen during World War I.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |url=https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/66743224-f8bc-4510-a7ff-24cfb5fdef71 |title=Lady Susan Evelyn Hicks Beach (1878-1965) and Lady Victoria Alexandrina Hicks Beach (1879-1963) |language=English}}</ref> In 1916, Susan was Honorary Secretary of [[Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom|Princess Henry of Battenburg]]’s Colonial Nursing Association, which funded nursing in British colonies.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Doughan |first=David |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Dictionary_of_British_Women_s_Organisati/T423AwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22susan+hicks+beach%22&pg=PA38&printsec=frontcover |title=Dictionary of British Women's Organisations, 1825-1960 |last2=Gordon |first2=Professor Peter |last3=Gordon |first3=Peter |date=2014-06-03 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-89770-2 |pages=37-8 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Office |first=Great Britain Colonial |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/The_Colonial_Office_List_for/U4lpAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=%22susan+hicks+beach%22&dq=%22susan+hicks+beach%22&printsec=frontcover |title=The Colonial Office List for ... |date=1916 |publisher=Harrison |pages=XXX |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Burdett |first=Sir Henry C. |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Burdett_s_Hospitals_and_Charities/IJA0AQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=%22susan+hicks+beach%22&dq=%22susan+hicks+beach%22&printsec=frontcover |title=Burdett's Hospitals and Charities: Being the Year Book of Philanthropy |date=1916 |publisher=Scientific Press |pages=966 |language=en}}</ref>
-Susan and her sister Victoria worked on a Red Cross coffee stall in Rouen during World War I. In 1916, Susan was Honorary Secretary of [[Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom|Princess Henry of Battenburg]]’s Colonial Nursing Association, which funded nursing in British colonies.
+Susan returned to England in 1916 to care for her father, who died in April that year. Their brother [[Michael Hicks Beach, Viscount Quenington|Michael, Viscount Quenington]] had died of wounds sustained at the battle of Katia the week before, leaving Susan and Victoria in charge of the family's Williamstrip estate and Cockrup Farm. In the 1940s the sisters moved to the Manor House at [[Fittleton cum Haxton|Fittleton]].<ref name=":1" />
-== Estate management and public service ==
-Susan returned to England in 1916 to care for her father, who died in April that year. Their brother [[Michael Hicks Beach, Viscount Quenington|Michael, Viscount Quenington]] had died of wounds sustained at the battle of Katia the week before, leaving Susan and Victoria in charge of the family's Williamstrip estate and Cockrup Farm. In the 1940s the sisters moved to the Manor House at [[Fittleton cum Haxton|Fittleton]].
-Lady Susan was a Justice of the Peace, a member of [[Northleach]] Rural District Council, and chairman of [[Coln St. Aldwyns|Coln St Aldwyns]] Parish Council in the 1930s. In the 1940s and 1950s she served on [[Pewsey]] Rural District Council.
+Lady Susan was a Justice of the Peace, a member of [[Northleach]] Rural District Council, and chairman of [[Coln St. Aldwyns|Coln St Aldwyns]] Parish Council in the 1930s. In the 1940s and 1950s she served on [[Pewsey]] Rural District Council.<ref name=":1" />
-After the death of her sister in 1963, she returned to Coln St Aldwyns to live in Lady Lucy cottage, a cottage named after their mother, where she died in 1965.
+After the death of her sister in 1963, she returned to Coln St Aldwyns to live in Lady Lucy cottage, a cottage named after their mother, where she died in 1965.<ref name=":1" />
 == References ==