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Revision as of 23:33, 13 May 2024

Politics of Equatorial Guinea
Constitution
Government
Parliament
Administrative divisions
Elections
Foreign relations

The government's official policy is one of nonalignment. In its search for assistance to meet the goal of national reconstruction, the government of Equatorial Guinea has established diplomatic relations with numerous European and Third World countries. Having achieved independence under UN sponsorship, Equatorial Guinea feels a special kinship with that organization. It became the 126th UN member on November 12, 1968. Equatorial Guinea served as a non-permanent member on the United Nations Security Council from 2017 to 2019.

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Equatorial Guinea maintains diplomatic relations with:

# Country Date[1]
1  Spain 27 September 1968[2]
2  Egypt 12 October 1968[3]
3  Cameroon 27 October 1968[4]
4   Switzerland 4 November 1968[5]
5  Japan 12 November 1968[6]
6  United States 12 November 1968[7]
7  Philippines 28 November 1968[8]
8  Russia 7 December 1968[9]
9  Gabon 1968[10]
10  India 1968[11]
11  Israel 1968[12]
12  United Kingdom 1968[13]
13  Nigeria 25 January 1969[14]
14  North Korea 30 January 1969[15]
15  France 10 July 1969[16]
16  Netherlands 1969[17]
17  Sweden 1969[18]
18  Hungary 18 February 1970[19]
19  Serbia 18 May 1970[20]
20  Czech Republic 22 July 1970[21]
21  China 15 October 1970[22]
22  Ethiopia 1970[23]
23  Germany 14 April 1971[24]
24  Ghana 4 June 1971[25]
25  Republic of the Congo 12 July 1971[26]
26  Bulgaria 15 September 1971[27]
27  Chile 8 November 1971[28]
28  Romania 9 March 1972[29]
29  Vietnam 1 September 1972[30]
30  Albania 30 November 1972[31][32]
31  Cuba 27 December 1972[33]
32  Tunisia 1972[34]
33  Argentina 26 April 1974[35]
34  Central African Republic 24 January 1975[36]
35  Brazil 26 May 1975[37]
36  Mexico 26 September 1975[38]
37  Austria 1 March 1976[39]
38  Portugal 9 March 1977[40]
39  Guinea 1977[41]
40  Morocco 1978[42]
41  Poland 29 May 1979[43]
42  South Korea 14 September 1979[44]
43  Canada 20 August 1980[45]
44  Ecuador 8 September 1980[46]
45  Turkey 16 September 1980[47][48]
46  Liberia 1980[49]
47  Benin 10 April 1981[50]
48  Peru 28 April 1981[51]
49  Costa Rica April 1981[52]
50  Colombia 6 May 1981[53]
51  Venezuela 7 May 1981[54]
52  Panama 13 May 1981[55]
53  Uruguay 15 September 1981[56]
—  Holy See 24 December 1981[57]
54  Angola 1982[58]
55  Sierra Leone March 1983[59]
56  Nicaragua 20 September 1984
57  Bolivia 21 October 1987
58  Kuwait 1988[60]
59  Pakistan 9 October 1990[61]
60  Thailand 15 February 1991[62]
61  Ukraine 18 May 1992[63]
62  Armenia 19 May 1992[64]
63  Belarus 25 May 1992[65]
64  Turkmenistan 8 December 1992[66]
65  Seychelles 14 April 1993
66  South Africa 5 May 1993[67]
67  Mali 4 November 1993[68]
68  Burkina Faso 1993[69]
—  Sovereign Military Order of Malta 16 July 1996[70]
69  Slovakia 7 December 1997[71]
70  Dominican Republic 24 November 1999[72]
71  Libya 11 February 2001[73]
72  Malaysia November 2001[74]
73  North Macedonia 9 July 2002
74  Luxembourg 9 October 2003[75]
75  Mauritius 26 May 2004
76  Zimbabwe 2 June 2004[76]
77  Iceland 10 September 2004
78  Azerbaijan 11 November 2004
79  Paraguay 3 November 2005
80  Guatemala 8 December 2006
81  Botswana 13 December 2006[77]
82  Norway 30 March 2007[78]
83  Croatia 18 October 2007
84  Estonia 18 December 2007
85  Cyprus 29 February 2008
86  Finland 30 April 2008
87  Haiti 24 June 2008[79]
—  State of Palestine 11 July 2008[80]
88  Latvia 13 November 2008
89  Lebanon 21 November 2008
90  Monaco 16 June 2009[81]
91  Australia 23 July 2009
92  Bosnia and Herzegovina 24 February 2010
93  Slovenia 26 May 2010
94  Georgia 23 June 2010
95  Cambodia 30 June 2010
96  Rwanda 29 July 2010[82]
97  Ivory Coast 12 August 2010[83]
98  Mozambique 13 July 2011[84]
99  Namibia 3 August 2011[85]
100  Fiji 6 October 2011
101  Saudi Arabia 12 October 2011[86]
102  Suriname 12 January 2012
103  Comoros 29 August 2012[87]
104  Mauritania 6 October 2012[88]
105  Mongolia 20 February 2014
106  Denmark 7 November 2014[89]
107  Eswatini 19 February 2015[90]
108  Jamaica 18 May 2015
109  South Sudan 8 October 2015[91]
110  Indonesia 22 September 2016[92]
111  Sudan 19 December 2016[93]
112  Cape Verde 4 May 2017[94]
113  Kazakhstan 24 May 2017
114  Uganda 19 February 2018[95]
115  Singapore 11 April 2018
116  Zambia 19 April 2018[96]
117  Maldives 21 May 2018
118  Tajikistan 21 May 2018
119  Djibouti 9 October 2018[97]
120  Guinea-Bissau 22 November 2018[98]
121  Liechtenstein 2018[99]
122    Nepal 30 April 2019
123  Honduras 31 July 2020[100]
124  Qatar 7 April 2021
125  Bangladesh 7 April 2022[101]
126  Gambia 29 May 2022[102]
127  El Salvador 18 September 2023[103]
128  Saint Kitts and Nevis 22 September 2023[104]
129  Oman 2 April 2024[105]
130  Algeria Unknown
131  Belgium Unknown
132  Burundi Unknown
133  Chad Unknown
134  Democratic Republic of the Congo Unknown
135  East Timor Unknown
136  Greece Unknown
137  Iran Unknown
138  Iraq Unknown
139  Italy Unknown
140  Kenya Unknown
141  Lesotho Unknown
142  Madagascar Unknown
143  Malawi Unknown
144  Malta Unknown
145  Niger Unknown
146  São Tomé and Príncipe Unknown[106]
147  Senegal Unknown
148  Somalia Unknown
149  Tanzania Unknown
150  Togo Unknown
151  United Arab Emirates Unknown

Bilateral relations

Africa

Country Formal relations established Notes
 Angola
  • Angola has an embassy in Malabo.
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Luanda.
 Cameroon 27 October 1968

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 October 1968[107]

Equatorial Guinea has cordial relations with neighbouring Cameroon, although there was criticism in Cameroon in 2000 about perceived mistreatment of Cameroonians working in Equatorial Guinea. Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea have an unresolved maritime border dispute. The majority Fang ethnic group of mainland Equatorial Guinea extends both north and south into the forests of Cameroon and Gabon. Cameroon exports some food products to Equatorial Guinea and imports oil from Equatorial Guinea for its refinery at nearby Limbe.

In December 2008, Equatorial Guinea security forces killed a Cameroonian fisherman and abducted two immigrants, Cameroon closed its border in response.[108]

  • Cameroon has an embassy in Malabo and a consulate in Bata.
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Yaoundé and a consulates-general in Ebolowa and Douala.
 Chad
  • Chad has an embassy in Malabo.
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in N'Djamena.
 Congo-Brazzaville 12 July 1971 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 July 1971 when first Ambassador of Equatorial Guinea to People's Republic of the Congo Mr. Clemente Aqueda presented his cedentials to President Ngouabi[109]
  • Congo-Brazzavile has an embassy in Malabo.
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Brazzaville.
 Egypt 15 April 1969
  • Egypt has an embassy in Malabo.
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Cairo.
 Gabon 1968 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1968[110]
  • Gabon has an embassy in Malabo.
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Libreville and a consulate-general in Oyem.
 Ghana 1968
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Accra.
  • Ghana has an embassy in Malabo.
 Morocco 1978 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1978[111]
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Rabat.
  • Morocco has an embassy in Malabo.
 Nigeria 25 January 1969

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 January 1969[112]

Equatorial Guinea has warmer relations with Nigeria, and the Nigerian President made an official visit to Malabo in 2001. The two countries have delineated their offshore borders, which will facilitate development of nearby gas fields. In addition, many Nigerians work in Equatorial Guinea, as do immigrants from Cameroon and some West African states.

  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Abuja and consulates-general in Calabar and Lagos.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Malabo and a consulate in Bata.
 São Tomé and Príncipe
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in São Tomé.
  • São Tomé and Príncipe has an embassy in Malabo.
 South Africa 5 May 1993 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 May 1993[113]
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Pretoria.
  • South Africa has an embassy in Malabo.

Americas

Country Formal relations established Notes
 Argentina 26 April 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 April 1974.[114]
  • Argentina is accredited to Equatorial Guinea from its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria.
  • Equatorial Guinea is accredited to Argentina from its embassy in Brasília, Brazil.
 Brazil 26 May 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 May 1975[115]
  • Brazil has an embassy in Malabo.
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Brasília.
 Canada 20 August 1980 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 August 1980[116]
  • Canada is accredited to Equatorial Guinea from its high commission in Abuja, Nigeria.[117]
  • Equatorial Guinea is accredited to Canada from its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York City.
 Chile 9 November 1971 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 November 1971[118]
  • Chile is accredited to Equatorial Guinea from its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York City.
  • Equatorial Guinea is accredited to Chile from its embassy in Brasília, Brazil.
 Colombia 6 May 1981 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 May 1981[119]
  • Colombia is accredited to Equatorial Guinea from its embassy in Accra, Ghana.
  • Equatorial Guinea is accredited to Colombia from its embassy in Brasília, Brazil.
 Cuba 27 December 1972 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 December 1972[120]
  • Cuba has an embassy in Malabo.
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Havana.
 Mexico 26 September 1975 See Equatorial Guinea–Mexico relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 September 1975[121]

  • Equatorial Guinea is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.[122]
  • Mexico is accredited to Equatorial Guinea from its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria.[123]
 United States 21 November 1968 See Equatorial Guinea–United States relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 November 1968, diplomatic relations suspension from 14 March 1976 to 19 December 1979.[124]

Embassy of Equatorial Guinea in Washington, D.C.

In 1995, the United States closed its embassy, ostensibly for budget reasons, though the ambassador of the time had been accused of witchcraft, and had criticised the human rights situation. In 1996, offshore oil began flowing, and, with several US oil companies present in the country, the US reopened the embassy in October 2003. The US has sought to encourage the progress of human rights to the country by addressing its concerns directly to the government, as well as holding seminars for better police conduct and judicial conferences with US judges to improve the rule of law.[125]

 Venezuela 7 May 1981 See Equatorial Guinea–Venezuela relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 May 1981[128]

  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Caracas.
  • Venezuela has an embassy in Malabo.

Asia

Country Formal relations established Notes
 China 15 October 1970 See China–Equatorial Guinea relations

The People's Republic of China and the Republic of Equatorial Guinea established diplomatic relations on October 15, 1970.[129]

  • China has an embassy in Malabo and a consulate-general in Bata.
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Beijing.
 India 1968 See Equatorial Guinea–India relations
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in New Delhi.
  • India has an embassy in Malabo.
 Israel 1968[130]
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Tel Aviv.
  • Israel is accredited to Equatorial Guinea from its embassy in Yaoundé, Cameroon.
 Japan 20 October 1980 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 October 1980[131]
  • Equatorial Guinea is accredited to Japan from its embassy in Beijing, China.
  • Japan is accredited to Equatorial Guinea from its embassy in Libreville, Gabon.
 North Korea 30 January 1969 See Equatorial Guinea–North Korea relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 January 1969[132]

  • Equatorial Guinea is accredited to North Korea from its embassy in Beijing, China.
  • North Korea has an embassy in Malabo.
 South Korea 14 September 1979 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 September 1979[133]
  • Equatorial Guinea is accredited to South Korea from its embassy in Beijing, China.
  • South Korea is accredited to Equatorial Guinea from its embassy in Libreville, Gabon.
 Turkey 16 September 1980 See Equatorial Guinea–Turkey relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 September 1980[134][135]

  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Ankara.[136]
  • Turkey has an embassy in Malabo.[136]
  • Trade volume between the two countries was 23.8 million USD in 2019 (Guinean exports/imports: 3.6/20.2 million USD).[136]
  • There are direct flights from Istanbul to Malabo since 7 February 2020.[136]

Europe

Country Formal relations established Notes
 Belgium
  • Belgium is accredited to Equatorial Guinea from its embassy in Kinshasa, DR Congo.
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Brussels.
 France 10 July 1969

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 July 1969[137]

Equatorial Guinea is member of the Central African Economic and Monetary Union (CEMAC), which includes Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, and Gabon. It also is a member of the Franc zone. Parallel to the Equatoguinean rapprochement with its Francophone neighbors, France's role has significantly increased following Equatorial Guinea's entry into the CFA Franc Zone and the BEAC. French technical advisers work in the finance and planning ministries, and agreements have been signed for infrastructure development projects.

  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Paris.
  • France has an embassy in Malabo.
 Germany 7 June 1969 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 June 1969[138]
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Berlin.
  • Germany has an embassy in Malabo.
 Poland 29 May 1979 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 May 1979[139]
  • Equatorial Guinea is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
  • Poland is accredited to Equatorial Guinea from its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria.
 Portugal 9 May 1977 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 May 1977[140]
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal has an embassy in Malabo.
 Russia 7 December 1968 See Equatorial Guinea–Russia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 December 1968[141]

  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Moscow.
  • Russia is accredited to Equatorial Guinea from its embassy in Yaoundé, Cameroon.
 Spain 12 October 1968 See Equatorial Guinea–Spain relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 october 1968[142]

A transitional agreement, signed in October 1968, implemented a Spanish preindependence decision to assist Equatorial Guinea and provided for the temporary maintenance of Spanish military forces there. A dispute with President Francisco Macías Nguema in 1969 led to a request that all Spanish troops immediately depart, and many civilians left at the same time. Diplomatic relations between the two countries were never broken but were suspended by Spain in March 1977 in the wake of renewed disputes. After Macías' fall in 1979, President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo asked for Spanish assistance, and since then, Spain has regained influence in Equatorial Guinea's diplomatic relations. The two countries signed permanent agreements for economic and technical cooperation, private concessions, and trade relations. President Obiang made an official visit to Madrid in March 2001, and senior Spanish Foreign Ministry officials visited Malabo during 2001 as well. Spain maintained a bilateral assistance program in Equatorial Guinea. Some Equato-Guinean opposition elements are based in Spain to the annoyance of the government in Malabo.

 United Kingdom 20 June 1969 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 June 1969 when has been appointed first Ambassador of United Kingdom to Equatorial Guinea (resident in Yaoude) Mr. Alan John Edden.[145]
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in London.
  • United Kingdom is accredited to Equatorial Guinea from its high commission in Yaoundé, Cameroon.

See also

References

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