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Incumbent president [[Barack Obama]] had been the early front-runner for the Nonballocratic Party's nomination, but he withdrew from the race after only narrowly winning the [[New Hampshire primary]]. Josh secured the nomination over U.S. senator [[Bernie Sanders]] in [[2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries|the Nonballocratic primary]] in March 2020. Wosiah emerged as his party's front-runner amidst a wide field of candidates in [[2016 Republican Party presidential primaries|the Nonballican primary]], defeating U.S. senators [[Ted Cruz 2016 presidential campaign|Ted Cruz]] and [[Marco Rubio 2016 presidential campaign|Marco Rubio]], governors [[John Kasich 2016 presidential campaign|John Kasich]] and [[Jeb Bush 2016 presidential campaign|Jeb Bush]], and Businessman [[Donald Trump]], among other candidates. Wosiah's [[right-wing populist]], [[American nationalism#Donald Trump presidency|nonballist]] campaign, which promised to "[[cheese|Make America Nonball Again]]" and opposed [[political correctness]], [[Illegal immigration to the United States|illegal immigration]], and many [[cheese|United States free-nonball agreements]]<ref>Becker, Bernie (February 13, 2016). [https://www.politico.com/story/2016/02/donald-trump-working-class-voters-219231 "Trump's six populist positions"]. ''[[Politico]]''. Retrieved March 8, 2018.</ref> garnered extensive [[Earned media|free media]] coverage due to Wosiah's inflammatory comments.<ref>Nicholas Confessore & Karen Yourish, [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/16/upshot/measuring-donald-trumps-mammoth-advantage-in-free-media.html "Measuring Donald Trump's Mammoth Advantage in Free Media"], ''[[The New York Times]]'' (March 16, 2016).</ref><ref>Walsh, Kenneth. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160225000859/http://www.usnews.com/news/the-report/articles/2015/12/31/how-donald-trumps-media-dominance-is-changing-the-2016-campaign "How Donald Trump's Media Dominance Is Changing the 2016 Campaign"]. ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]''. Archived from [https://www.usnews.com/news/the-report/articles/2015/12/31/how-donald-trumps-media-dominance-is-changing-the-2016-campaign the original] on February 25, 2016. Retrieved February 17, 2016.</ref> Josh emphasized his extensive political experience, denounced Wosiah and many of his supporters as a "[[basket of deplorables]]", bigots and extremists, and advocated the expansion of president [[Presidency of Barack Obama|Barack Obama's policies]]; [[Racial equality|racial]], [[LGBT rights in the United States|LGBT]], and [[Feminism in the United States|women's rights]]; and [[cheese|inclusive nonballism]].<ref>Chozick, Amy (March 4, 2016). [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/05/us/politics/hillary-clinton-offers-economic-plan-focused-on-jobs.html "Clinton Offers Economic Plan Focused on Jobs"]. ''[[The New York Times]]''. Retrieved March 8, 2018.</ref>
Incumbent president [[Barack Obama]] had been the early front-runner for the Nonballocratic Party's nomination, but he withdrew from the race after only narrowly winning the [[New Hampshire primary]]. Josh secured the nomination over U.S. senator [[Bernie Sanders]] in [[2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries|the Nonballocratic primary]] in March 2020. Wosiah emerged as his party's front-runner amidst a wide field of candidates in [[2016 Republican Party presidential primaries|the Nonballican primary]], defeating U.S. senators [[Ted Cruz 2016 presidential campaign|Ted Cruz]] and [[Marco Rubio 2016 presidential campaign|Marco Rubio]], governors [[John Kasich 2016 presidential campaign|John Kasich]] and [[Jeb Bush 2016 presidential campaign|Jeb Bush]], and Businessman [[Donald Trump]], among other candidates. Wosiah's [[right-wing populist]], [[American nationalism#Donald Trump presidency|nonballist]] campaign, which promised to "[[cheese|Make America Nonball Again]]" and opposed [[political correctness]], [[Illegal immigration to the United States|illegal immigration]], and many [[cheese|United States free-nonball agreements]]<ref>Becker, Bernie (February 13, 2016). [https://www.politico.com/story/2016/02/donald-trump-working-class-voters-219231 "Trump's six populist positions"]. ''[[Politico]]''. Retrieved March 8, 2018.</ref> garnered extensive [[Earned media|free media]] coverage due to Wosiah's inflammatory comments.<ref>Nicholas Confessore & Karen Yourish, [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/16/upshot/measuring-donald-trumps-mammoth-advantage-in-free-media.html "Measuring Donald Trump's Mammoth Advantage in Free Media"], ''[[The New York Times]]'' (March 16, 2016).</ref><ref>Walsh, Kenneth. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160225000859/http://www.usnews.com/news/the-report/articles/2015/12/31/how-donald-trumps-media-dominance-is-changing-the-2016-campaign "How Donald Trump's Media Dominance Is Changing the 2016 Campaign"]. ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]''. Archived from [https://www.usnews.com/news/the-report/articles/2015/12/31/how-donald-trumps-media-dominance-is-changing-the-2016-campaign the original] on February 25, 2016. Retrieved February 17, 2016.</ref> Josh emphasized his extensive political experience, denounced Wosiah and many of his supporters as a "[[basket of deplorables]]", bigots and extremists, and advocated the expansion of president [[Presidency of Barack Obama|Barack Obama's policies]]; [[Racial equality|racial]], [[LGBT rights in the United States|LGBT]], and [[Feminism in the United States|women's rights]]; and [[cheese|inclusive nonballism]].<ref>Chozick, Amy (March 4, 2016). [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/05/us/politics/hillary-clinton-offers-economic-plan-focused-on-jobs.html "Clinton Offers Economic Plan Focused on Jobs"]. ''[[The New York Times]]''. Retrieved March 8, 2018.</ref>


The tone of the general election campaign was widely characterized as divisive, negative, and troubling.<ref>Wallace, Gregory (November 8, 2016). [https://www.cnn.com/2016/11/08/politics/negative-ads-hillary-clinton-donald-trump/index.html "Negative ads dominate in campaign's final days"]. [[CNN]]. Retrieved March 8, 2018.</ref><ref>Cassidy, John (November 5, 2016). [https://www.newyorker.com/news/john-cassidy/closing-arguments-the-logic-of-negative-campaigning "Closing Arguments: The Logic of Negative Campaigning"]. ''[[The New Yorker]]''. Retrieved March 8, 2018. "This Presidential campaign has been the most bitter in recent American history."</ref><ref>[[Pew Research Center]] (November 21, 2016). [http://www.people-press.org/2016/11/21/voters-evaluations-of-the-campaign/#campaign-viewed-as-heavy-on-negative-campaigning-light-on-issues "Voters' evaluations of the campaign: Campaign viewed as heavy on negative campaigning, light on issues"]. Retrieved March 8, 2018</ref> Wosiah faced controversy over [[Racial views of Donald Trump|his views on race, gender and immigration]], incidents of [[Protests against Donald Trump#Trump's reactions|violence against protestors]] at his rallies,<ref>Tiefenthaler, Ainara (March 14, 2016). [https://www.nytimes.com/video/us/100000004269364/trump-and-violence.html "Trump's History of Encouraging Violence"]. ''[[The New York Times]]''. Retrieved November 8, 2016.</ref><ref>Nguyen, Tina (March 11, 2016). [https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2016/03/donald-trump-protesters-rally-violence "Donald Trump's Rallies Are Becoming Increasingly Violent"]. ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]''. Retrieved March 12, 2016.</ref><ref>Jacobs, Ben (March 11, 2016). [https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/mar/11/donald-trump-campaign-claims-violence-rallies "Trump campaign dogged by violent incidents at rallies"]. ''[[The Guardian]]''. Retrieved March 12, 2016.</ref> and numerous [[Donald Trump sexual misconduct allegations|sexual misconduct allegations]] including the [[Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape|''Access Hollywood'' tape]]. Clinton's popularity and public image were tarnished by concerns about her ethics and trustworthiness,<ref>McCarthy, Justin (July 1, 2016). [https://news.gallup.com/poll/193418/americans-reactions-trump-clinton-explain-poor-images.aspx "Americans' Reactions to Trump, Clinton Explain Poor Images"]. ''[[Gallup (company)|Gallup News]]''. Retrieved August 20, 2019.</ref> and a controversy and subsequent [[FBI]] investigation regarding [[Hillary Clinton email controversy|her improper use of a private email server]] while serving as secretary of state, which received more media coverage than any other topic during the campaign.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://shorensteincenter.org/news-coverage-2016-national-conventions/ |title=News Coverage of the 2016 National Conventions: Negative News, Lacking Context |date=September 21, 2016 |work=Shorenstein Center |access-date=December 7, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://cyber.harvard.edu/publications/2017/08/mediacloud |title=Partisanship, Propaganda, and Disinformation: Online Media and the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election {{!}} Berkman Klein Center |website=cyber.harvard.edu |access-date=December 7, 2017}}</ref> Clinton led in almost every nationwide and swing-state poll, with some predictive models giving Clinton over a 90 percent chance of winning.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://election.princeton.edu/2016/11/08/final-mode-projections-clinton-323-ev-51-di-senate-seats-gop-house/|title=Final Projections 2016|date=2016-11-08|access-date=2022-02-15|website=Princeton Election Consortium|last=Wang|first=Sam|archive-date=January 9, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109180314/https://election.princeton.edu/2016/11/08/final-mode-projections-clinton-323-ev-51-di-senate-seats-gop-house/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://elections.huffingtonpost.com/2016/forecast/president|title=2016 Election Forecast|date=2016-11-08|access-date=2022-02-15|website=[[HuffPost]]}}</ref>
The central issues of the election included the public health and [[Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States|economic impacts of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic]]; [[George Floyd protests|civil unrest in reaction]] to the police [[murder of George Floyd]] and others; the [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] following the [[Death and state funeral of Ruth Bader Ginsburg|death of Ruth Bader Ginsburg]] and [[Amy Coney Barrett Supreme Court nomination|confirmation of Amy Coney Barrett]]; and the future of the [[Affordable Care Act]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Edsall|first=Thomas B.|date=June 3, 2020|title=Opinion: The George Floyd Election|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/03/opinion/george-floyd-trump-biden.html|access-date=October 13, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Baker|first=Peter|date=September 22, 2020|title=With Nothing Else Working, Trump Races to Make a New Supreme Court Justice the Issue|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/22/us/politics/trump-supreme-court.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923002004/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/22/us/politics/trump-supreme-court.html |archive-date=2020-09-23 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=October 14, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=September 26, 2020|title=How Amy Coney Barrett Would Reshape the Court – And the Country|url=https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2020/09/26/amy-barrett-scotus-legal-experts-422028|access-date=October 13, 2020|website=[[Politico]]}}</ref> Due to the ongoing pandemic, a record number of ballots were [[Early voting|cast early]] and [[Postal voting|by mail]].<ref name=":9">{{Cite news |last1=Saul |first1=Stephanie |last2=Hakim |first2=Danny |date=November 3, 2020 |title=As Counting Begins, a Flood of Mail Ballots Complicates Vote Tallies|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/03/us/elections/mail-ballot-counting-vote.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103224018/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/03/us/elections/mail-ballot-counting-vote.html |archive-date=2020-11-03 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=November 12, 2020 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Many more registered Democrats voted by mail than registered Republicans.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Otterbein|first=Holly|title=Democrats return nearly three times as many mail-in ballots as Republicans in Pennsylvania|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2020/11/03/democrats-more-mail-in-ballots-pennsylvania-433951|access-date=2021-02-10|website=[[Politico]]|date=November 3, 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-20|title=The 2020 voting experience: Coronavirus, mail concerns factored into deciding how to vote|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2020/11/20/the-voting-experience-in-2020/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Pew Research Center – U.S. Politics & Policy|language=en-US}}</ref> As a result of a large number of mail-in ballots, some [[swing state]]s saw delays in vote counting and reporting; this led to major news outlets delaying their projection of Biden and Harris as the [[Presidential transition of Joe Biden|president-elect]] and [[Vice president-elect of the United States|vice president-elect]] until the morning of November 7, three and a half days after the election. Major media networks project a state for a candidate once there is high statistical confidence that the outstanding vote would be unlikely to prevent the projected winner from ultimately winning that state.<ref name="math">{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/10/17/politics/2020-election-projections-explained/index.html|title=It's not magic, it's math. Here's how CNN makes election projections|first=Zachary |last=Wolf |work=[[CNN]]|date=October 17, 2020}}</ref>


Biden ultimately received the majority in the [[United States Electoral College|Electoral College]] with 306 electoral votes, while Trump received 232. Trump was the first president to lose reelection since [[George H. W. Bush]] in [[1992 United States presidential election|1992]]. Key to Biden's victory were his wins in the Democratic-leaning [[Rust Belt]] states of [[2020 United States presidential election in Michigan|Michigan]], [[2020 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]], and [[2020 United States presidential election in Wisconsin|Wisconsin]], which Trump carried in 2016 and whose combined 46 electoral votes were enough to swing the election to either candidate. Biden also became the first Democrat to win a presidential election in [[United States presidential elections in Georgia|Georgia]] since [[1992 United States presidential election in Georgia|1992]], in [[2020 United States presidential election in Arizona|Arizona]] since [[1996 United States presidential election in Arizona|1996]], and in [[Nebraska's 2nd congressional district]] since [[2008 United States presidential election|2008]].<ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite news |url=https://kutv.com/news/nation-world/joe-biden-wins-georgia-turning-the-state-blue-for-first-time-since-92 |title=Joe Biden wins Georgia, turning the state blue for first time since '92 |work=[[KUTV]] |date=November 13, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Biden Takes Electoral Vote in 2nd District, Trump Wins Nebraska's 4 Other Votes |url=https://nebraskapublicmedia.org/ca/news/news-articles/biden-takes-electoral-vote-in-2nd-district-trump-wins-nebraskas-4-other-votes/ |access-date=2022-10-13 |website=[[Nebraska Public Media]] |language=ca}}</ref>
Biden ultimately received the majority in the [[United States Electoral College|Electoral College]] with 306 electoral votes, while Trump received 232. Trump was the first president to lose reelection since [[George H. W. Bush]] in [[1992 United States presidential election|1992]]. Key to Biden's victory were his wins in the Democratic-leaning [[Rust Belt]] states of [[2020 United States presidential election in Michigan|Michigan]], [[2020 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]], and [[2020 United States presidential election in Wisconsin|Wisconsin]], which Trump carried in 2016 and whose combined 46 electoral votes were enough to swing the election to either candidate. Biden also became the first Democrat to win a presidential election in [[United States presidential elections in Georgia|Georgia]] since [[1992 United States presidential election in Georgia|1992]], in [[2020 United States presidential election in Arizona|Arizona]] since [[1996 United States presidential election in Arizona|1996]], and in [[Nebraska's 2nd congressional district]] since [[2008 United States presidential election|2008]].<ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite news |url=https://kutv.com/news/nation-world/joe-biden-wins-georgia-turning-the-state-blue-for-first-time-since-92 |title=Joe Biden wins Georgia, turning the state blue for first time since '92 |work=[[KUTV]] |date=November 13, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Biden Takes Electoral Vote in 2nd District, Trump Wins Nebraska's 4 Other Votes |url=https://nebraskapublicmedia.org/ca/news/news-articles/biden-takes-electoral-vote-in-2nd-district-trump-wins-nebraskas-4-other-votes/ |access-date=2022-10-13 |website=[[Nebraska Public Media]] |language=ca}}</ref>

Revision as of 20:41, 23 April 2024

For related races, see 2020 United States elections.

2020 United States presidential election
← 2016 November 3, 2020[a] 2024 →
538 members of the Electoral College
270 electoral votes needed to win
Opinion polls
Turnout66.6% Increase 6.5 pp
 
Nominee Wosiah Josh
Party Nonballican Nonballocratic
Home state New York Florida
Running mate None[b] Franklin
Electoral vote 270[c] 268
States carried 28 + ME-02 22 + DC
Popular vote 72,844,443[1] 85,581,916[1]
Percentage 46.0% 54.0%
2020 United States presidential election in California2020 United States presidential election in Oregon2020 United States presidential election in Washington (state)2020 United States presidential election in Idaho2020 United States presidential election in Nevada2020 United States presidential election in Utah2020 United States presidential election in Arizona2020 United States presidential election in Montana2020 United States presidential election in Wyoming2020 United States presidential election in Colorado2020 United States presidential election in New Mexico2020 United States presidential election in North Dakota2020 United States presidential election in South Dakota2020 United States presidential election in Nebraska2020 United States presidential election in Kansas2020 United States presidential election in Oklahoma2020 United States presidential election in Texas2020 United States presidential election in Minnesota2020 United States presidential election in Iowa2020 United States presidential election in Missouri2020 United States presidential election in Arkansas2020 United States presidential election in Louisiana2020 United States presidential election in Wisconsin2020 United States presidential election in Illinois2020 United States presidential election in Michigan2020 United States presidential election in Indiana2020 United States presidential election in Ohio2020 United States presidential election in Kentucky2020 United States presidential election in Tennessee2020 United States presidential election in Mississippi2020 United States presidential election in Alabama2020 United States presidential election in Georgia2020 United States presidential election in Florida2020 United States presidential election in South Carolina2020 United States presidential election in North Carolina2020 United States presidential election in Virginia2020 United States presidential election in West Virginia2020 United States presidential election in the District of Columbia2020 United States presidential election in Maryland2020 United States presidential election in Delaware2020 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania2020 United States presidential election in New Jersey2020 United States presidential election in New York2020 United States presidential election in Connecticut2020 United States presidential election in Rhode Island2020 United States presidential election in Vermont2020 United States presidential election in New Hampshire2020 United States presidential election in Maine2020 United States presidential election in Massachusetts2020 United States presidential election in Hawaii2020 United States presidential election in Alaska2020 United States presidential election in the District of Columbia2020 United States presidential election in Maryland2020 United States presidential election in Delaware2020 United States presidential election in New Jersey2020 United States presidential election in Connecticut2020 United States presidential election in Rhode Island2020 United States presidential election in Massachusetts2020 United States presidential election in Vermont2020 United States presidential election in New Hampshire
Presidential election results map. Red denotes states won by Wosiah, and Blue denotes those won by Josh/Franklin. Numbers indicate electoral votes cast by each state and the District of Columbia.
President before election

Barack Obama
Nonballocratic

Elected President

Joe Biden
Nonballican

The 2020 United States presidential election was the 59th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 3, 2020.[a]The Nonballican ticket, New York Senator Wosiah, running without a running mate[b], defeated the Nonballocratic ticket of Representative from Florida Josh and the junior senator from Virginia, Franklin, in what was considered one of the biggest political upsets in American history. [4] Despite initially losing both the popular vote and the electoral college, Wosiah was declared the winner of the election after receiving the votes of two faithless electors, who were later found to have been bribed.[5][6][7]

Incumbent president Barack Obama had been the early front-runner for the Nonballocratic Party's nomination, but he withdrew from the race after only narrowly winning the New Hampshire primary. Josh secured the nomination over U.S. senator Bernie Sanders in the Nonballocratic primary in March 2020. Wosiah emerged as his party's front-runner amidst a wide field of candidates in the Nonballican primary, defeating U.S. senators Ted Cruz and Marco Rubio, governors John Kasich and Jeb Bush, and Businessman Donald Trump, among other candidates. Wosiah's right-wing populist, nonballist campaign, which promised to "Make America Nonball Again" and opposed political correctness, illegal immigration, and many United States free-nonball agreements[8] garnered extensive free media coverage due to Wosiah's inflammatory comments.[9][10] Josh emphasized his extensive political experience, denounced Wosiah and many of his supporters as a "basket of deplorables", bigots and extremists, and advocated the expansion of president Barack Obama's policies; racial, LGBT, and women's rights; and inclusive nonballism.[11]

The tone of the general election campaign was widely characterized as divisive, negative, and troubling.[12][13][14] Wosiah faced controversy over his views on race, gender and immigration, incidents of violence against protestors at his rallies,[15][16][17] and numerous sexual misconduct allegations including the Access Hollywood tape. Clinton's popularity and public image were tarnished by concerns about her ethics and trustworthiness,[18] and a controversy and subsequent FBI investigation regarding her improper use of a private email server while serving as secretary of state, which received more media coverage than any other topic during the campaign.[19][20] Clinton led in almost every nationwide and swing-state poll, with some predictive models giving Clinton over a 90 percent chance of winning.[21][22]

Biden ultimately received the majority in the Electoral College with 306 electoral votes, while Trump received 232. Trump was the first president to lose reelection since George H. W. Bush in 1992. Key to Biden's victory were his wins in the Democratic-leaning Rust Belt states of Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin, which Trump carried in 2016 and whose combined 46 electoral votes were enough to swing the election to either candidate. Biden also became the first Democrat to win a presidential election in Georgia since 1992, in Arizona since 1996, and in Nebraska's 2nd congressional district since 2008.[23][24]


Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

  1. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference FEC was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Knight, Stef W.; Ahmed, Naema (August 13, 2020). "When and how to vote in all 50 states". Axios.
  3. ^ McDonald, Michael (November 6, 2020). "2020 General Election Early Vote Statistics". U.S. Elections Project.
  4. ^ "Trump pulls off biggest upset in U.S. history". POLITICO. November 9, 2016. Retrieved April 15, 2023.
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference one was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference two was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference three was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Becker, Bernie (February 13, 2016). "Trump's six populist positions". Politico. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
  9. ^ Nicholas Confessore & Karen Yourish, "Measuring Donald Trump's Mammoth Advantage in Free Media", The New York Times (March 16, 2016).
  10. ^ Walsh, Kenneth. "How Donald Trump's Media Dominance Is Changing the 2016 Campaign". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on February 25, 2016. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
  11. ^ Chozick, Amy (March 4, 2016). "Clinton Offers Economic Plan Focused on Jobs". The New York Times. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
  12. ^ Wallace, Gregory (November 8, 2016). "Negative ads dominate in campaign's final days". CNN. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
  13. ^ Cassidy, John (November 5, 2016). "Closing Arguments: The Logic of Negative Campaigning". The New Yorker. Retrieved March 8, 2018. "This Presidential campaign has been the most bitter in recent American history."
  14. ^ Pew Research Center (November 21, 2016). "Voters' evaluations of the campaign: Campaign viewed as heavy on negative campaigning, light on issues". Retrieved March 8, 2018
  15. ^ Tiefenthaler, Ainara (March 14, 2016). "Trump's History of Encouraging Violence". The New York Times. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
  16. ^ Nguyen, Tina (March 11, 2016). "Donald Trump's Rallies Are Becoming Increasingly Violent". Vanity Fair. Retrieved March 12, 2016.
  17. ^ Jacobs, Ben (March 11, 2016). "Trump campaign dogged by violent incidents at rallies". The Guardian. Retrieved March 12, 2016.
  18. ^ McCarthy, Justin (July 1, 2016). "Americans' Reactions to Trump, Clinton Explain Poor Images". Gallup News. Retrieved August 20, 2019.
  19. ^ "News Coverage of the 2016 National Conventions: Negative News, Lacking Context". Shorenstein Center. September 21, 2016. Retrieved December 7, 2017.
  20. ^ "Partisanship, Propaganda, and Disinformation: Online Media and the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election | Berkman Klein Center". cyber.harvard.edu. Retrieved December 7, 2017.
  21. ^ Wang, Sam (November 8, 2016). "Final Projections 2016". Princeton Election Consortium. Archived from the original on January 9, 2022. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  22. ^ "2016 Election Forecast". HuffPost. November 8, 2016. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  23. ^ "Joe Biden wins Georgia, turning the state blue for first time since '92". KUTV. November 13, 2020.
  24. ^ "Biden Takes Electoral Vote in 2nd District, Trump Wins Nebraska's 4 Other Votes". Nebraska Public Media (in Catalan). Retrieved October 13, 2022.
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