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m Drmies moved page Stichting Oud Politieke Deliquenten to Stichting Oud Politieke Delinquenten: ha, I just copied the misspelling in Klaas Carel Faber
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{{Short description|Dutch right-wing organisation}}
The '''Stichting Oud Politieke Deliquenten''' ("Foundation for Political Delinquents"; abbreviated '''SOPD''') was a Dutch right-wing organization founded by and for formerly jailed and convicted [[war criminals]], collaborators who were associated with the German overlords during [[World War II]]. The SOPD was the first<ref name="Schans2011">{{cite book|last=Schans|first=Wil van der|title=Monitor Racisme and Extremisme: Extreemrechts in Amsterdam|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=IPPPeLFd9cAC&pg=PA17|accessdate=1 May 2012|date=2011-07-12|publisher=Amsterdam UP|isbn=9789085550495|page=17}}</ref> and the largest of the collaboratist organizations in the country, "numbering perhaps a hundred former internees."<ref name="Art2011"/>
The '''''Stichting Oud Politieke Delinquenten''''' ("Foundation of Former Political Delinquents"; abbreviated '''SOPD''') was a Dutch right-wing organization founded by and for formerly jailed and convicted [[war criminals]], who had collaborated with the German occupiers during [[World War II]]. The SOPD was the first and the largest of the collaborationist organizations in the country, "numbering perhaps a hundred former internees."<ref name="Schans2011">{{cite book|last=Schans|first=Wil van der|title=Monitor Racisme and Extremisme: Extreemrechts in Amsterdam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IPPPeLFd9cAC&pg=PA17|accessdate=1 May 2012|date=2011-07-12|publisher=Amsterdam UP|isbn=9789085550495|page=17}}</ref><ref name="Art2011"/>


==Foundation and dissolution==
The SOPD was founded in 1951 by Jan Hartman, formerly of the [[National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands|NSB]],<ref name="Roos2010">{{cite book|last1=Roos|first1=Jan de|last2=Roos-Van Rooden|first2=Thea|title=Moed en overmoed: een biografie van burgemeester Dirk Frans Pont|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=NIzv8VukcxkC&pg=PA193|accessdate=1 May 2012|year=2010|publisher=Uitgeverij Verloren|isbn=9789087041847|pages=193 n.14}}</ref> the fascist party that allied itself with the German Nazi movement after the [[History of the Netherlands (1939–1945)|occupation of the Netherlands]] in 1939. Hartman became the organization's secretary. A co-founder was the lawyer Jan Wolthuis, another former NSB member who had been a "peace judge" during the German occupation,<ref name="Roos2010"/> essentially a political office meant to render [[Anton Mussert]] immune from prosecution.
The SOPD was founded in 1951 by [[Jan Hartman (Nazi collaborator)|Jan Hartman]], formerly of the [[National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands|NSB]],<ref name="Roos2010">{{cite book|last1=Roos|first1=Jan de|last2=Roos-Van Rooden|first2=Thea|title=Moed en overmoed: een biografie van burgemeester Dirk Frans Pont|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NIzv8VukcxkC&pg=PA193|accessdate=1 May 2012|year=2010|publisher=Uitgeverij Verloren|isbn=9789087041847|pages=193 n.14}}</ref> the fascist party that allied itself with the German Nazi movement after the [[History of the Netherlands (1939–1945)|occupation of the Netherlands]] in 1940. Hartman became the organization's secretary. A co-founder was the lawyer [[Jan Wolthuis]], another former NSB member who had been a justice of the peace in [[Arnhem]] during the German occupation,<ref name="Roos2010"/> essentially an NSB appointment to a political office meant to render [[Anton Mussert]] immune from prosecution and to handle infractions committed by NSB matters.<ref>{{cite book|last=Geus|first=Machteld de|editor=G. Aalders|title=Oorlogsdocumentatie '40-'45: zesde jaarboek van het Rijksinstituut voor Oorlogsdocumentatie|year=1995|publisher=Walburg|location=Zutphen|isbn=9789056120078|pages=48–86|chapter=Vrederechtspraak in Nederland}}</ref><ref name="rechters">{{cite book|last=Venema|first=Derk|title=Rechters in oorlogstijd: De confrontatie van de Nederlandse rechterlijke macht met nationaal-socialisme en bezetting|url=http://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/2066/37572/1/37572.pdf|year=2007|publisher=Radboud University|location=Nijmegen|page=259}}</ref><ref name="venema">{{cite book|last=Venema|first=Derk|editor=P. P. T. Bovend'Eert |editor2=L. E. de Groot-van Leeuwen |editor3=Thomas Johannes Marie Mertens|title=De Rechter bewaakt: over toezicht en rechters|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_-bNyPwfplEC&pg=PA214|accessdate=2 May 2012|date=2003-03-20|publisher=Kluwer|isbn=9789026840883|pages=207–30|chapter=De bewaking van het recht tijdens de Duitse bezetting}}</ref>


The organization was "tolerated" by the Dutch government, but the political party formed by the organization, the '''Nationaal Europese Sociale Beweging''' ("National European Social Movement"), was banned by the [[Supreme Court of the Netherlands]] in 1954<ref name="Schans2011"/>/1955.<ref name="Art2011">{{cite book|last=Art|first=David|title=Inside the Radical Right: The Development of Anti-Immigrant Parties in Western Europe|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=9dUTXJakqLoC&pg=PA78|accessdate=1 May 2012|date=2011-02-21|publisher=Cambridge UP|isbn=9780521720328|page=78}}</ref>
The organization was "tolerated" by the Dutch government, but a political party, founded by SOPD member [[Paul van Tienen]], was not. Van Tienen, an associate of Swedish fascist [[Per Engdahl]], had founded a Dutch chapter of Engdahl's [[European Social Movement]], the ''Werkgemeenschap Europa in de Lage Landen'' ("Working Community Europe in the Low Countries"), in 1951. He merged this group with the SOPD to form "the first post-war extreme-right party in the Netherlands", the ''[[National European Social Movement|Nationaal Europese Sociale Beweging]]'' ("National European Social Movement").<ref name="Mudde2003">{{cite book|last=Mudde|first=Cas|title=The Ideology of the Extreme Right|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=spT-NgRm3f8C&pg=PA117|accessdate=1 May 2012|date=2003-02-22|publisher=Manchester UP|isbn=9780719064463|pages=117–18}}</ref> The party had numbered between 100 and 400 members, all "old comrades", and was banned in 1954 by a Dutch court on the basis of a 1944 decree signed by [[Wilhelmina of the Netherlands|Queen Wilhelmina]], the "Resolution concerning the Dissolution of Treasonable Organisations",<ref name="Schans2011"/><ref name="Mudde2003"/> a decision confirmed by the [[Supreme Court of the Netherlands]] in 1955.<ref name="Art2011">{{cite book|last=Art|first=David|title=Inside the Radical Right: The Development of Anti-Immigrant Parties in Western Europe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9dUTXJakqLoC&pg=PA78|accessdate=1 May 2012|date=2011-02-21|publisher=Cambridge UP|isbn=9780521720328|page=78}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
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==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist|colwidth=33em}}
[[Category:Aftermath of World War II in the Netherlands]]

[[Category:Collaborators with Nazi Germany]]
[[Category:Far-right politics in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Political history of the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Political history of the Netherlands]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:1950s disestablishments in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Neo-Nazism in the Netherlands]]

Latest revision as of 13:27, 14 April 2024

The Stichting Oud Politieke Delinquenten ("Foundation of Former Political Delinquents"; abbreviated SOPD) was a Dutch right-wing organization founded by and for formerly jailed and convicted war criminals, who had collaborated with the German occupiers during World War II. The SOPD was the first and the largest of the collaborationist organizations in the country, "numbering perhaps a hundred former internees."[1][2]

Foundation and dissolution[edit]

The SOPD was founded in 1951 by Jan Hartman, formerly of the NSB,[3] the fascist party that allied itself with the German Nazi movement after the occupation of the Netherlands in 1940. Hartman became the organization's secretary. A co-founder was the lawyer Jan Wolthuis, another former NSB member who had been a justice of the peace in Arnhem during the German occupation,[3] essentially an NSB appointment to a political office meant to render Anton Mussert immune from prosecution and to handle infractions committed by NSB matters.[4][5][6]

The organization was "tolerated" by the Dutch government, but a political party, founded by SOPD member Paul van Tienen, was not. Van Tienen, an associate of Swedish fascist Per Engdahl, had founded a Dutch chapter of Engdahl's European Social Movement, the Werkgemeenschap Europa in de Lage Landen ("Working Community Europe in the Low Countries"), in 1951. He merged this group with the SOPD to form "the first post-war extreme-right party in the Netherlands", the Nationaal Europese Sociale Beweging ("National European Social Movement").[7] The party had numbered between 100 and 400 members, all "old comrades", and was banned in 1954 by a Dutch court on the basis of a 1944 decree signed by Queen Wilhelmina, the "Resolution concerning the Dissolution of Treasonable Organisations",[1][7] a decision confirmed by the Supreme Court of the Netherlands in 1955.[2]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Schans, Wil van der (2011-07-12). Monitor Racisme and Extremisme: Extreemrechts in Amsterdam. Amsterdam UP. p. 17. ISBN 9789085550495. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
  2. ^ a b Art, David (2011-02-21). Inside the Radical Right: The Development of Anti-Immigrant Parties in Western Europe. Cambridge UP. p. 78. ISBN 9780521720328. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
  3. ^ a b Roos, Jan de; Roos-Van Rooden, Thea (2010). Moed en overmoed: een biografie van burgemeester Dirk Frans Pont. Uitgeverij Verloren. pp. 193 n.14. ISBN 9789087041847. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
  4. ^ Geus, Machteld de (1995). "Vrederechtspraak in Nederland". In G. Aalders (ed.). Oorlogsdocumentatie '40-'45: zesde jaarboek van het Rijksinstituut voor Oorlogsdocumentatie. Zutphen: Walburg. pp. 48–86. ISBN 9789056120078.
  5. ^ Venema, Derk (2007). Rechters in oorlogstijd: De confrontatie van de Nederlandse rechterlijke macht met nationaal-socialisme en bezetting (PDF). Nijmegen: Radboud University. p. 259.
  6. ^ Venema, Derk (2003-03-20). "De bewaking van het recht tijdens de Duitse bezetting". In P. P. T. Bovend'Eert; L. E. de Groot-van Leeuwen; Thomas Johannes Marie Mertens (eds.). De Rechter bewaakt: over toezicht en rechters. Kluwer. pp. 207–30. ISBN 9789026840883. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
  7. ^ a b Mudde, Cas (2003-02-22). The Ideology of the Extreme Right. Manchester UP. pp. 117–18. ISBN 9780719064463. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
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