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{{Infobox bilateral relations|Ecuador-Mexico|Ecuador|Mexico|map=Ecuador México Locator2.png}}
{{Infobox bilateral relations|Ecuador-Mexico|Ecuador|Mexico|map=Ecuador México Locator2.png}}


'''Ecuador–Mexico relations''' are the [[diplomatic relations]] between [[Ecuador]] and [[Mexico]]. Both nations are members of the [[Community of Latin American and Caribbean States]], [[Latin American Integration Association]], [[Organization of American States]], [[Organization of Ibero-American States]] and the [[United Nations]].
The nations of [[Ecuador]] and [[Mexico]] established diplomatic relations in 1830.<ref name=SRE>[https://sre.gob.mx/images/stories/docnormateca/manexte/embajadas/MOEMEcuador.pdf History of diplomatic relations between Mexico and Ecuador (in Spanish)]</ref> Both nations are members of the [[Community of Latin American and Caribbean States]], [[Latin American Integration Association]], [[Organization of American States]], [[Organization of Ibero-American States]] and the [[United Nations]].


==History==
==History==
[[File:Dinero azada de Mexico (siglos XIV-XV).jpg|thumb|Axe-money from Mexico at the [[Prehistory Museum of Valencia]].]]
[[File:Dinero azada de Mexico (siglos XIV-XV).jpg|thumb|Axe-money from Mexico at the [[Prehistory Museum of Valencia]].]]


[[Axe-monies]] are evidence of economic and cultural exchange between the [[pre-Columbian]] cultures of western [[Mesoamerica]] and the northern [[Andean civilizations|Andes]].
Possible encounters between indigenous cultures in both Ecuador and Mexico may have taken place as shown by [[Axe-monies]] as proof of economic and cultural exchange between the [[pre-Columbian]] cultures of western [[Mesoamerica]] and the northern [[Andean civilizations|Andes]].


Ecuador ([[Viceroyalty of Peru]] and later the [[Viceroyalty of New Granada]]) and Mexico ([[New Spain]]) were both once part of the [[Spanish Empire]]. In 1819, Ecuador was part of the [[Gran Colombia]] (which included present day Colombia, Ecuador, Panama and Venezuela). After its break up, Mexico recognized and established diplomatic relations with Ecuador in June 1830.<ref name=SRE>{{cite web|url=http://www.sre.gob.mx/images/stories/docnormateca/manexte/embajadas/MOEMEcuador.pdf|format=PDF|title=Bilateral relations between Mexico and Ecuador|language=es|access-date=24 October 2014}}</ref> In 1837, Mexico opened a consulate in [[Guayaquil]] which subsequently became its first diplomatic mission in South America.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afese.com/img/revistas/revista50/rrecumex.pdf|format=PDF|title=Las relaciones diplomáticas entre Ecuador y México|language=es|access-date=24 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024180551/http://www.afese.com/img/revistas/revista50/rrecumex.pdf|archive-date=24 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Both nations were once part of the [[Spanish Empire]] with Ecuador being part initially of the [[Viceroyalty of Peru]] and later the [[Viceroyalty of New Granada]] and Mexico as part of [[New Spain]]. In 1819, Ecuador was part of the [[Gran Colombia]] (which included present day [[Colombia]], Ecuador, [[Panama]] and [[Venezuela]]). After its break up, Mexico recognized and established diplomatic relations with Ecuador in June 1830.<ref name=SRE /> In 1837, Mexico opened a consulate in [[Guayaquil]] which subsequently became its first diplomatic mission in [[South America]].


Diplomatic relations between the two nations began to significantly develop in the 1970s. In 1974, Mexican President [[Luis Echeverría]] paid a state visit to Ecuador and met with President [[Guillermo Rodríguez (politician)|Guillermo Rodríguez]]. The two leaders signed several agreements on economic, scientific and cultural cooperation. Since then, there have been numerous high level visits between leaders of both nations to each other's country.<ref name=SRE />
In 1941, Ecuadorian President [[Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río]] paid a visit to Mexico and met with President [[Manuel Ávila Camacho]].<ref name=Arroyo>[https://www.diputados.gob.mx/sedia/sia/re/RE-ISS-09-06-09.pdf Informes Presidenciales de Presidente Manuel Ávila Camacho (1941) - page 185 (in Spanish)]</ref> However, it wasn't until the 1970s that relations between the two nations began to significantly develop. In 1974, Mexican President [[Luis Echeverría]] paid a state visit to Ecuador and met with President [[Guillermo Rodríguez (politician)|Guillermo Rodríguez]]. The two leaders signed several agreements on economic, scientific and cultural cooperation. Since then, there have been numerous high level visits between leaders of both nations to each other's country.<ref name=SRE />

For several years, Mexico has been returning Ecuadorian nationals without proper documentation on their way to the United States to Ecuador.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lahora.com.ec/index.php/noticias/show/1000083244/-1/Hoy_y_ma%C3%B1ana_llegan_ecuatorianos_deportados_de_M%C3%A9xico.html#.VEo7sSLF-VM|title=Mexico deports 513 Ecuadorian migrants|language=es|publisher=Lahora.com.ec|access-date=24 October 2014|archive-date=11 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170111083106/http://lahora.com.ec/index.php/noticias/show/1000083244/-1/Hoy_y_ma%C3%B1ana_llegan_ecuatorianos_deportados_de_M%C3%A9xico.html#.VEo7sSLF-VM|url-status=dead}}</ref> Since 2006, drug traffickers and Central American gangs have increased their attacks on migrants transiting through Mexico. As a result, both Ecuador and Mexico have increased cooperation to provide better protection and consular support to hundreds of Ecuadorian migrants who traverse Mexico each year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecuadorinmediato.com/index.php?module=Noticias&func=news_user_view&id=136206&umt=en_tapachula_mexico_se_instala_consulado_ecuatoriano_para_ayudar_a_migrantes_en_transito|title=Ecuador opens consulate in Tapachula, Mexico to assist migrants in transit|language=es|publisher=Ecuadorinmediato.com|access-date=24 October 2014|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231323/http://ecuadorinmediato.com/index.php?module=Noticias&func=news_user_view&id=136206&umt=en_tapachula_mexico_se_instala_consulado_ecuatoriano_para_ayudar_a_migrantes_en_transito|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://publications.iom.int/bookstore/free/ecuador_profile.pdf|format=PDF|title=Perfil migratorio del Ecuador 2008|publisher=Publications.iom.int|language=es|access-date=24 October 2014|archive-date=24 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024170055/http://publications.iom.int/bookstore/free/ecuador_profile.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>


In December 2018, Ecuadoran President [[Lenín Moreno]] arrived to Mexico to attend the inauguration of Mexican President [[Andrés Manuel López Obrador]].<ref>[https://www.elcomercio.com/actualidad/lenin-moreno-mexico-presidente-obrador.html Lenín Moreno participó en la ceremonia de investidura del mandatario mexicano Manuel Andrés López Obrador (in Spanish)]</ref> In August 2021, Ecuadorian President [[Guillermo Lasso]] paid a visit to Mexico and met with President López Obrador and Foreign Minister [[Marcelo Ebrard]].<ref>[https://www.gob.mx/sre/articulos/visita-de-trabajo-del-presidente-de-la-republica-del-ecuador-guillermo-lasso-mendoza-280818?idiom=es Visita de trabajo del presidente de la República del Ecuador, Guillermo Lasso Mendoza (in Spanish)]</ref>
In December 2018, Ecuadoran President [[Lenín Moreno]] arrived to Mexico to attend the inauguration of Mexican President [[Andrés Manuel López Obrador]].<ref>[https://www.elcomercio.com/actualidad/lenin-moreno-mexico-presidente-obrador.html Lenín Moreno participó en la ceremonia de investidura del mandatario mexicano Manuel Andrés López Obrador (in Spanish)]</ref> In August 2021, Ecuadorian President [[Guillermo Lasso]] paid a visit to Mexico and met with President López Obrador and Foreign Minister [[Marcelo Ebrard]].<ref>[https://www.gob.mx/sre/articulos/visita-de-trabajo-del-presidente-de-la-republica-del-ecuador-guillermo-lasso-mendoza-280818?idiom=es Visita de trabajo del presidente de la República del Ecuador, Guillermo Lasso Mendoza (in Spanish)]</ref>

In December 2023, former Ecuadorian Vice-President [[Jorge Glas]] entered into the Mexican Embassy in Quito and requested asylum. Glas had served as Vice-President to both Presidents [[Rafael Correa]] and [[Lenín Moreno]] and is accused of corruption. As of yet, the Mexican Government has not yet determined to grant him asylum and the Ecuadorian Government has declared that they will not grant Glas a [[safe conduct]] out of the country.<ref>[https://elpais.com/america/2024-03-01/la-cancilleria-de-ecuador-pide-entrar-en-la-embajada-de-mexico-para-capturar-a-jorge-glas.html La Cancillería de Ecuador pide entrar en la Embajada de México para capturar al ex vicepresidente Jorge Glas (in Spanish)]</ref>


==High-level visits==
==High-level visits==
'''Presidential visits from Ecuador to Mexico'''
'''Presidential visits from Ecuador to Mexico'''<ref name=Arroyo />
[[File:REUNIÓN BILATERAL CON MÉXICO (52521768013).jpg|thumb|right|Ecuadorian President [[Guillermo Lasso]] with the Mexican President [[Andrés Manuel López Obrador]] in [[National Palace (Mexico)|National Palace]], [[Ciudad de México]]; Novembre of 2022.]]
[[File:REUNIÓN BILATERAL CON MÉXICO (52521768013).jpg|thumb|right|Ecuadorian President [[Guillermo Lasso]] with the Mexican President [[Andrés Manuel López Obrador]] in Mexico City; November 2022.]]


* President [[Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río]] (1942)
* President [[Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río]] (1942)
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* President [[Guillermo Lasso]] (August & September 2021, 2022)
* President [[Guillermo Lasso]] (August & September 2021, 2022)


'''Presidential visits from Mexico to Ecuador'''
'''Presidential visits from Mexico to Ecuador'''<ref name=SRE /><ref>[https://www.gob.mx/epn/articulos/ecuador-y-mexico-juntos Ecuador y México juntos (in Spanish)]</ref>


* President [[Luis Echeverría]] (1974)
* President [[Luis Echeverría]] (1974)
Line 40: Line 40:


==Bilateral agreements==
==Bilateral agreements==
Both nations have signed several bilateral agreements such as a Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation; Cultural Exchange Agreement; Agreement of Cooperation to Combat Drug Trafficking and Drug Dependency; Agreement on
Both nations have signed several bilateral agreements such as a Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation (1888); Cultural Exchange Agreement (1974); Agreement of Cooperation to Combat Drug Trafficking and Drug Dependency (1990); Agreement on Scientific and Technical Cooperation (1992); Tourist Cooperation Agreement (1992); Agreement to Avoid Double Taxation and Prevent Tax Evasion on Income subject to Tax (1992); Agreement on Air Transportation (1995); Agreement on Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters (2004); Extradition Treaty (2006) and an Agreement on Mutual Recognition of Higher Education Studies issued by both nations (2008).<ref>[https://cja.sre.gob.mx/tratadosmexico/buscador?keywords=&category_id=&theme_id=&country_id=42&organization_id= Bilateral agreements between Mexico and Ecuador (in Spanish)]</ref>
Scientific and Technical Cooperation; Tourist Cooperation Agreement; Agreement to Avoid Double Taxation and Prevent Tax Evasion on Income subject to Tax; Agreement on Air Transportation; Agreement on Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters; Extradition Treaty and an Agreement on Mutual Recognition of Higher Education Studies issued by both nations.<ref name=Bosques>[https://centrogilbertobosques.senado.gob.mx/docs/F_Ecuador.pdf Bilateral agreements between Mexico and Ecuador(in Spanish)]</ref>


==Transportation==
==Transportation==
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==Trade relations==
==Trade relations==
In 2018, two-way trade between both nations totaled US$850 million.<ref>[http://www.economia-snci.gob.mx/sic_php/pages/estadisticas/ Mexican Ministry of the Economy: Ecuador (in Spanish)]</ref> Ecuador's main exports to Mexico include: cocoa, sardines, crude oil, jelly, coffee, asparagus and mangoes. Mexico's main exports to Ecuador include: shampoos, flat screens TVs, tractors, body deodorants and antiperspirants; and dentifrices.<ref name=Bosques /> Mexico is the largest foreign investor in Ecuador. Between 2008 and 2017, Mexican companies invested US$1.4 billion in Ecuador.<ref name=Investment>[https://www.elcomercio.com/actualidad/mexico-inversion-ecuador-fybeca-femsa.html México es el que más invierte en Ecuador (in Spanish)]</ref> Mexican multinational companies such as [[América Móvil]], [[Cemex]], [[FEMSA]], [[Grupo Bimbo]], [[Mabe (company)|Mabe]], Mexichem and [[OXXO]] (among others) operate in Ecuador.<ref name=Investment />
In 2023, two-way trade between both nations totaled US$878 million.<ref name=Trade>[https://www.economia.gob.mx/datamexico/en/profile/country/ecuador Data México: Ecuador]</ref> Ecuador's main exports to Mexico include: cocoa beans, sardines, crude oil, jelly, coffee, asparagus and mangoes. Mexico's main exports to Ecuador include: medicine, monitors and projectors, motor cars and vehicles, tubes and pipes, and food based products.<ref name=Trade /> Mexican multinational companies such as [[América Móvil]], [[Cemex]], [[FEMSA]], [[Grupo Bimbo]], [[Mabe (company)|Mabe]], [[Orbia]] and [[OXXO]] (among others) operate in Ecuador.


==Resident diplomatic missions==
==Resident diplomatic missions==
* Ecuador has an embassy in [[Mexico City]] and a consulate in [[Monterrey]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mexico.embajada.gob.ec/ |title=Embassy of Ecuador in Mexico City (in Spanish) |access-date=2019-02-06 |archive-date=2021-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225053556/https://mexico.embajada.gob.ec/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Ecuador has an embassy in [[Mexico City]] and a consulate in [[Monterrey]].<ref>[https://www.cancilleria.gob.ec/mexico/ Embassy of Ecuador in Mexico City]</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in [[Quito]].<ref>[https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/ecuador/ Embassy of Mexico in Quito (in Spanish)]</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in [[Quito]].<ref>[https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/ecuador/ Embassy of Mexico in Quito]</ref>


<gallery class="center">
<gallery class="center">
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==References==
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*[http://www.sre.gob.mx/images/stories/docnormateca/manexte/embajadas/MOEMEcuador.pdf Mexican Ministry of Foreign Affairs on bilateral relations between Mexico and Ecuador (in Spanish)]


{{Foreign relations of Ecuador}}
{{Foreign relations of Ecuador}}

Revision as of 03:55, 17 March 2024

Ecuador-Mexico relations
Map indicating locations of Ecuador and Mexico

Ecuador
Mexico

The nations of Ecuador and Mexico established diplomatic relations in 1830.[1] Both nations are members of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, Latin American Integration Association, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American States and the United Nations.

History

Axe-money from Mexico at the Prehistory Museum of Valencia.

Possible encounters between indigenous cultures in both Ecuador and Mexico may have taken place as shown by Axe-monies as proof of economic and cultural exchange between the pre-Columbian cultures of western Mesoamerica and the northern Andes.

Both nations were once part of the Spanish Empire with Ecuador being part initially of the Viceroyalty of Peru and later the Viceroyalty of New Granada and Mexico as part of New Spain. In 1819, Ecuador was part of the Gran Colombia (which included present day Colombia, Ecuador, Panama and Venezuela). After its break up, Mexico recognized and established diplomatic relations with Ecuador in June 1830.[1] In 1837, Mexico opened a consulate in Guayaquil which subsequently became its first diplomatic mission in South America.

In 1941, Ecuadorian President Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río paid a visit to Mexico and met with President Manuel Ávila Camacho.[2] However, it wasn't until the 1970s that relations between the two nations began to significantly develop. In 1974, Mexican President Luis Echeverría paid a state visit to Ecuador and met with President Guillermo Rodríguez. The two leaders signed several agreements on economic, scientific and cultural cooperation. Since then, there have been numerous high level visits between leaders of both nations to each other's country.[1]

In December 2018, Ecuadoran President Lenín Moreno arrived to Mexico to attend the inauguration of Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador.[3] In August 2021, Ecuadorian President Guillermo Lasso paid a visit to Mexico and met with President López Obrador and Foreign Minister Marcelo Ebrard.[4]

In December 2023, former Ecuadorian Vice-President Jorge Glas entered into the Mexican Embassy in Quito and requested asylum. Glas had served as Vice-President to both Presidents Rafael Correa and Lenín Moreno and is accused of corruption. As of yet, the Mexican Government has not yet determined to grant him asylum and the Ecuadorian Government has declared that they will not grant Glas a safe conduct out of the country.[5]

High-level visits

Presidential visits from Ecuador to Mexico[2]

Ecuadorian President Guillermo Lasso with the Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador in Mexico City; November 2022.

Presidential visits from Mexico to Ecuador[1][6]

Bilateral agreements

Both nations have signed several bilateral agreements such as a Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation (1888); Cultural Exchange Agreement (1974); Agreement of Cooperation to Combat Drug Trafficking and Drug Dependency (1990); Agreement on Scientific and Technical Cooperation (1992); Tourist Cooperation Agreement (1992); Agreement to Avoid Double Taxation and Prevent Tax Evasion on Income subject to Tax (1992); Agreement on Air Transportation (1995); Agreement on Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters (2004); Extradition Treaty (2006) and an Agreement on Mutual Recognition of Higher Education Studies issued by both nations (2008).[7]

Transportation

There are direct flights with Aeroméxico between Mexico City International Airport and Quito's Mariscal Sucre International Airport.

Trade relations

In 2023, two-way trade between both nations totaled US$878 million.[8] Ecuador's main exports to Mexico include: cocoa beans, sardines, crude oil, jelly, coffee, asparagus and mangoes. Mexico's main exports to Ecuador include: medicine, monitors and projectors, motor cars and vehicles, tubes and pipes, and food based products.[8] Mexican multinational companies such as América Móvil, Cemex, FEMSA, Grupo Bimbo, Mabe, Orbia and OXXO (among others) operate in Ecuador.

Resident diplomatic missions

  • Embassy of Ecuador in Mexico City
    Embassy of Ecuador in Mexico City
  • Embassy of Mexico in Quito
    Embassy of Mexico in Quito

References

  1. ^ a b c d History of diplomatic relations between Mexico and Ecuador (in Spanish)
  2. ^ a b Informes Presidenciales de Presidente Manuel Ávila Camacho (1941) - page 185 (in Spanish)
  3. ^ Lenín Moreno participó en la ceremonia de investidura del mandatario mexicano Manuel Andrés López Obrador (in Spanish)
  4. ^ Visita de trabajo del presidente de la República del Ecuador, Guillermo Lasso Mendoza (in Spanish)
  5. ^ La Cancillería de Ecuador pide entrar en la Embajada de México para capturar al ex vicepresidente Jorge Glas (in Spanish)
  6. ^ Ecuador y México juntos (in Spanish)
  7. ^ Bilateral agreements between Mexico and Ecuador (in Spanish)
  8. ^ a b Data México: Ecuador
  9. ^ Embassy of Ecuador in Mexico City
  10. ^ Embassy of Mexico in Quito
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