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{{Short description|South Asian Sufi saint (1190 – 1295)}}
{{Short description|South Asian Sufi saint (1190 – 1295)}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=February 2018}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=February 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox saint
{{Infobox saint
| honorific_prefix = [[Mir (title)|Mir-Buzurg]]
| honorific_prefix = [[Mir (title)|Mir-Buzurg]]
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| alt =
| alt =
| caption =
| caption =
| titles = Mir Surkh, Mir Buzurg, Makhdum-ul-Azam, Surkh-Posh, Jalal Ganj
| titles =
| birth_date = 1195<ref name="SuvorovaSuvorova2004"/>
| birth_date = 1195<ref name="SuvorovaSuvorova2004"/>
| birth_place = [[Bukhara]], [[Khwarezmian Empire]]
| birth_place = [[Bhakkar]], [[Undivided India]]
| death_date ={{death date and age|df=yes|1290|5|20|1195}}<ref name="SuvorovaSuvorova2004"/>
| death_date ={{death date and age|df=yes|1290|5|20|1195}}<ref name="SuvorovaSuvorova2004"/>
| death_place = [[Uch]], [[Delhi Sultanate]]
| death_place = [[Uch]], [[Delhi Sultanate]]
Line 20: Line 20:
* Sayyida Bibi Fatima Habiba Saeeda bint Badruddin Bhakkari
* Sayyida Bibi Fatima Habiba Saeeda bint Badruddin Bhakkari
| father = Ali al-Moeed}}
| father = Ali al-Moeed}}
| tradition =
| tradition = [[Islam]] Faqr o walayat
| influences =
| influences = Syed Ali Almoid, Syed Jamal Mujjard
| influenced =
| influenced = South Asian Islam
}}
}}
'''[[Sayyid]] Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari''' ({{lang-fa|{{nq|سید جلال الدین سرخ پوش بخاری}}}}, c. 595-690 [[Hijri year|AH]], 1190 &ndash; 1295 [[Common Era|CE]] was a saint from the Indian subcontinent. He belonged to the Jalali [[Sufi order]] and was descended from the 10th Shia Imam, [[Ali al-Hadi]].
[[Sayyid]] '''Jalaluddin "Surkh-Posh" Bukhari''' ({{lang-fa|{{nq|سید جلال الدین سرخ پوش بخاری}}}}, c. 595-690 [[Hijri year|AH]], 1190 &ndash; 1295 [[Common Era|CE]] was a saint of the Indian subcontinent.He belonged to the Hussaini Jalali [[Sufi order]] through his father, Syed Ali Al Moeed. He was descended from the 10th Shia Imam, [[Ali al-Hadi]].


==Early life==
==Names==
[[Bukhari (surname)|Bukhari]], a family name, is derived from the location of his descent from the city of Bukhara in the ancient administrative region of [[Bukhara Province]] [[Uzbekistan]].<ref name="Yasin">Yasin M. and Asin M. (Ed.) [https://books.google.com/books?id=hz4LJu1EqJIC&dq=Jalaluddin+surkh+born&pg=PA41 "Reading in Indian History."] Atlantic 1988. p41. Accessed in English at Google Books on 23 June 2017</ref> Sayyid Jalaluddin Bukhari was born in Multan but later settled in Uchh.<ref>{{cite book |author=Rajendra Kumar Gupta |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u5kQAQAAIAAJ&q=jalaluddin+bukhari+born+in |title=Sufism beyond religion |date=2004 |publisher=B.R. Pub. |page=158 |quote=One of his forefathers was Sayyed Jalaluddin Bukhari , who was born in Multan but later settled in Uchh in undivided India .}}</ref> Bukhari was nicknamed ''Surkh-Posh'' ("clad in red") because he often wore a red mantle.<ref name="SuvorovaSuvorova2004">{{cite book|author1=Anna Suvorova|author2=Professor of Indo-Islamic Culture and Head of Department of Asian Literatures Anna Suvorova|title=Muslim Saints of South Asia: The Eleventh to Fifteenth Centuries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QK0aLjQtX2cC&pg=PA149|date=22 July 2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-37006-1|pages=149–}}</ref>
[[Bukhari (surname)|Bukhari]], a family name, is derived from the location of his descent from the city of Bukhara in the ancient administrative region of [[Bukhara Province]] [[Uzbekistan]].<ref name="Yasin">Yasin M. and Asin M. (Ed.) [https://books.google.com/books?id=hz4LJu1EqJIC&dq=Jalaluddin+surkh+born&pg=PA41 "Reading in Indian History."] Atlantic 1988. p41. Accessed in English at Google Books on 23 June 2017</ref> Bukhari is a [[Sayyid]] from the Naqvi denomination, a descendant of the [[Prophets in Islam|Islamic prophet]] [[Muhammad]] through his grandsons [[Husayn ibn Ali]] and [[Hasan ibn Ali]]. Bukhari was born as Jalaluddin Haider. Sayyid Jalaluddin Bukhari was born in Multan but later settled in Uchh.<ref>{{cite book |author=Rajendra Kumar Gupta |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u5kQAQAAIAAJ&q=jalaluddin+bukhari+born+in |title=Sufism beyond religion |date=2004 |publisher=B.R. Pub. |page=158 |quote=One of his forefathers was Sayyed Jalaluddin Bukhari , who was born in Multan but later settled in Uchh in undivided India .}}</ref>
Bukhari was nicknamed ''Surkh-Posh'' ("clad in red") because he often wore a red mantle.<ref name="SuvorovaSuvorova2004">{{cite book|author1=Anna Suvorova|author2=Professor of Indo-Islamic Culture and Head of Department of Asian Literatures Anna Suvorova|title=Muslim Saints of South Asia: The Eleventh to Fifteenth Centuries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QK0aLjQtX2cC&pg=PA149|date=22 July 2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-37006-1|pages=149–}}</ref>

Over time, he has been referred to by a number of names and titles: Jalal Ganj; Mir Surkh (Red Leader); Sharrifullah (Noble of Allah); Mir Buzurg (Big Leader); Makhdum-ul-Azam; Jalal Akbar; Azimullah; Sher Shah (Lion King); Jalal Azam and Surkh-Posh Bukhari. With formal honorifics, he is also called Sayyid Jalaluddin; Mir Surkh Bukhari; Shah Mir Surkh-Posh of Bukhara; Pir Jalaluddin Qutub-al-Aqtab; Sayyid Jalal and Sher Shah Sayyid Jalal''.''


==Career==
==Career==
⚫
Bukhari's life was spent travelling. As an Islamic missionary, he converted tribes such as the [[Soomro]], [[Samma tribe|Samma]], Chadhar, [[Sial tribe|Sial]], Daher and the Warar to Islam. Bukhari was one of the ''Chaar Yaar'' (not to be confused with the ''[[Rashidun]]''). The Chaar Yaar were the group of pioneers of the Suhrawardiyya and [[Chishti Order|Chisti]] Sufi movements of the 13th century. Bukhari founded the "Jalali" order.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pir-e-Kamil Hazrat Pir Shah Jewna Al-Naqvi Al-Bokhari|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/469327-pir-e-kamil-hazrat-pir-shah-jewna-al-naqvi-al-bokhari|access-date=2021-01-28|website=www.thenews.com.pk|language=en}}</ref>


⚫
Bukhari's life was spent travelling. As an Islamic missionary, he converted tribes such as the [[Soomro]], [[Samma tribe|Samma]], Chadhar, [[Sial tribe|Sial]], Daher and the Warar. Bukhari was one of the ''Chaar Yaar'' (not to be confused with the ''[[Rashidun]]''). The Chaar Yaar were the group of pioneers of the Suhrawardiyya and [[Chishti Order|Chisti]] Sufi movements of the 13th century. Bukhari founded the "Jalali" order. He converted the Samma, the Sial, the Chadhar, the Daher and the Warar tribes of the [[Punjab region|Southern Punjab]] and [[Sindh]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pir-e-Kamil Hazrat Pir Shah Jewna Al-Naqvi Al-Bokhari|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/469327-pir-e-kamil-hazrat-pir-shah-jewna-al-naqvi-al-bokhari|access-date=2021-01-28|website=thenews.com.pk|language=en}}</ref>
⚫
According to legend: Jalaluddin Surkh Posh was on his way to India and met Chengiz Khan, the Mongol conqueror. So forth he tried to convince him to convert to Islam however failed.<ref name="SuvorovaSuvorova2004"/>


Some of his followers ([[Murid|mureed]]) spread to [[Gujarat]]. The mureed included Bukhari's grandson, Jahaniyan Jahangasht (d. 1384 CE) who visited [[Mecca]] 36 times. In 1134 CE, the Sial followers of Bukhari settled in the community that is now [[Jhang]]. Bukhari's descendant, Mehboob Elahi Shah|Mehboob Elahi Naqvi-ul Bukhari Al-Maroof [[Shah Jewna]] also moved to [[Jhang]] from [[Kannauj]]. There is a town in Pakistan in the name of Shah Jewna his descendants are still present in India as well as Pakistan. Many of Bukhari's disciples are buried in [[Banbhore]] and [[Makli Hill]] near Thatta.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-05-09|title=Hazrat Pir Shah Jewna (RA)|url=https://nation.com.pk/10-May-2012/hazrat-pir-shah-jewna-ra|access-date=2021-01-28|website=The Nation (newspaper)|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Hazrat Pir Shah Jewna Al-Naqvi Al-Bokhari|url=http://www.janathimessage.co.uk/literature/sufism/hazrat%20pir%20shah%20jewna%20al-naqvi%20al-bokhari.html|access-date=2021-01-28|website=janathimessage.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Pir-e-Kamil Hazrat Pir Shah Jewna Al-Naqvi Al-Bokhari|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/469327-pir-e-kamil-hazrat-pir-shah-jewna-al-naqvi-al-bokhari|access-date=2021-06-26|newspaper=The News International (newspaper)|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Hazrat Pir Shah Jewna Al-Naqvi Al-Bokhari|url=http://www.janathimessage.co.uk/literature/sufism/hazrat%20pir%20shah%20jewna%20al-naqvi%20al-bokhari.html|access-date=2021-06-26|website=janathimessage.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Indian Journal of Archaeology|url=http://ijarch.org/CurrentIssue.aspx|access-date=2021-06-26|website=ijarch.org}}</ref>
⚫
==Family==
Bukhari's biography and family history are cited extensively in such works as the ''Marat-e-Jalali'', the ''Mazher-i-Jalali'', the ''Akber-ul-Akhyar'', the ''Rauzat-ul-Ahbab'', ''Maraij-ul-Walayat'', ''Manaqabi Qutbi'', the ''Siyar-ul-Aqtar'', the ''Siyar-ul-Arifeen'' and the ''Manaqib-ul-Asifya''. These manuscripts are held by Bukhari Sayyids, however the work ''Marat-e-Jalali'' was first published (by Asrar Karami Press) in 1918 into a book form from [[Allahabad]], India [https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/mirat-e-jalali-ebooks (eBook)] and its second edition with updates and more research material was printed (by V I Printers) as a book in 1999 from [[Karachi]], [[Pakistan]]. His descendants are called ''[[Naqvis|Naqvi]] al-Bukhari''. However, this book is heavily critiqued due to having names and family trees mixed up. Furthermore, the author a police officer claimed Bukhari lineage but did not know his own bloodline which he claimed to be of Bukhari lineage.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://parganachail.blogspot.com/2018/10/correction-of-ultimate-error-in-mirat.html|title=Wirasat - Pargana Chail- Allahabad: Correction of Ultimate error - in Mirat al Jalali|first=Khalid Bin|last=Umar|date=20 October 2018}}</ref>


===Legendary meetings===
In [[Kannauj]] there is a mosque in the name of Bukhari's son Makhdoom Jahaniyan Jahangasht, built by Jahaniyan's descendant and [[Sikandar Lodi]]’s advisor Syed Sadarudin Shah Kabir Naqvi Al Bukhari. This mosque has an aesthetic blend of architectural styles.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Indian Journal Of Archaeology|url=http://ijarch.org/CurrentIssue.aspx|access-date=2021-06-10|website=ijarch.org}}</ref>


====Sultan of Delhi====
⚫
The [[tomb of Bibi Jawindi]] and the tomb and mosque of Jalaluddin Bukhari have been on the "tentative" list of [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]]s since 2004.<ref name="unesco">[https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1883/ "Tomb of Bibi Jawindi, Baha'al-Halim and Ustead and the Tomb and Mosque of Jalaluddin Bukhari."] UNESCO Global strategy, tentative lists, submitted 30 January 2004, Accessed 23 June 2017</ref> [[World Monuments Fund]] also promotes its conservation.<ref name="wmf">[http://www.wmf.org/project/uch-monument-complex/ "Uch monument complex."] World Monuments Fund, New York, NY. Accessed 23 June 2017</ref>
In 642 AH, when Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari had begun his missionary work in Uch Shareef, he was visited by [[Nasiruddin Mahmud (eldest son of Iltutmish)|Nasiruddin Mahmud]] of the [[Delhi Sultanate]].{{citation needed|date=February 2018}}

====Shah Daulah Shahid====
[[Shah Daulah Shahid]], is a Muslim saint who is buried in [[Bengal]]. In Bukhara, Bukhari presented Saint Daulah with a pair of [[Feral pigeon|grey pigeon]]s. From Bukhara, Saint Daulah travelled to Bengal where he battled and was killed by the Hindu king of [[Shahjadpur Upazila|Shahzadpur]].<ref>Wali M. A. (1904) "On the Antiquity and Traditions of Shahzadpur" Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Calcutta. January to December 1904. p2</ref>

====Chengiz Khan====
⚫
According to legend: Jalaluddin Surkh Posh was on his way to India and met Chengiz Khan, the Mongol conqueror. So forth he tried to convince him to convert to Islam however failed.<ref name="SuvorovaSuvorova2004"/>

His two male issues from his second wife, Fatima, the daughter of Sayyid Qasim Hussein Bukhari, Sayyid Ali and Sayyid Jaffar, are buried in tombs at Bukhara. He brought his son Sayyid Baha-ul-Halim with him to Sindh and then he settled in Uchch in 1244.{{citation needed|date=February 2018}}


==Death==
==Death==
In 1244 CE (about 640AH), Bukhari moved to [[Uch]], South [[Punjab]] (also known as Uch Sharif after the saint settled there) with his son, Baha-ul-Halim, where he founded a religious school. He died in 1290 CE and was buried in a small town near Uch.<ref name="SuvorovaSuvorova2004"/>
In 1244 CE (about 640AH), Bukhari moved to [[Uch]], South [[Punjab]] (also known as Uch Sharif after the saint settled there) with his son, Baha-ul-Halim, where he founded a religious school. He died in about 690 AH (1295 CE) and was buried in a small town near Uch. {{citation needed|date=February 2018}} After his tomb was damaged by flood waters of the [[Ghaggar-Hakra River]], Bukhari's remains were buried in ''Qattal'' town. In 1027 AH, Sajjada Nashin Makhdoom Hamid, son of Muhammad Nassir-u-Din, moved Bukhari's remains to their present location in Uch and erected a building over them. In 1770s CE, the tomb was rebuilt by the [[Nawab]] of [[Bahawalpur (princely state)|Bahawalpur]], ''Bahawal Khan II''.{{citation needed|date=February 2018}}

[[File:Shrine of Hazrat Jalaluddin Bukhari inside.jpg|thumb|Mosque (left) and entrance to the tomb/[[shrine of Jalaluddin Bukhari]] (right) in Uch]]
[[File:Shrine of Hazrat Jalaluddin Bukhari inside.jpg|thumb|Mosque (left) and entrance to the tomb/[[shrine of Jalaluddin Bukhari]] (right) in Uch]]
The tomb is a short way from the cemetery of Uch. It stands on a promontory overlooking the plains and the desert beyond. To one side of the tomb is a mosque decorated with blue tilework. In front of the tomb is a pool. A carved wooden door leads into the room containing Bukhari's coffin. [[UNESCO]] describes the site:
The tomb is a short way from the cemetery of Uch. It stands on a promontory overlooking the plains and the desert beyond. To one side of the tomb is a mosque decorated with blue tilework. In front of the tomb is a pool. A carved wooden door leads into the room containing Bukhari's coffin. [[UNESCO]] describes the site:
{{Quote|The brick-built tomb measures 18 meters by 24 meters and its carved wooden pillars support a flat roof and it is decorated with glazed tiles in floral and geometric designs. The ceiling is painted with floral designs in lacquer and its floor is covered with the graves of the saint and his relatives an interior partition provides 'purdah' for those of his womenfolk. Its mosque consists of a hall, measuring 20 meters by 11 meters, with 18 wooden pillars supporting a flat roof. It was built of cut and dressed bricks and further decorated, internally and externally, with enamelled tiles in floral and geometric designs.<ref name="unesco"/>}}
{{Blockquote|The brick-built tomb measures 18 meters by 24 meters and its carved wooden pillars support a flat roof and it is decorated with glazed tiles in floral and geometric designs. The ceiling is painted with floral designs in lacquer and its floor is covered with the graves of the saint and his relatives an interior partition provides 'purdah' for those of his womenfolk. Its mosque consists of a hall, measuring 20 meters by 11 meters, with 18 wooden pillars supporting a flat roof. It was built of cut and dressed bricks and further decorated, internally and externally, with enamelled tiles in floral and geometric designs.<ref name="unesco"/>}}

===Mela Uch Sharif===
According to [[World Monuments Fund]], "The ancient city of [[Uch]] was one of several metropolises founded by [[Alexander the Great]] on his crusade through Central Asia in the late 4th century BC."<ref name="wmf"/>

The Mela Uch Sharif is a week-long ''[[mela]]'' (folk festival) held in March – April in Uch. People from southern Punjab come to honour Bukhari's role in spreading Islam. Participants visit Bukhari's tomb and offer [[Jumu'ah|Friday prayers]] at the local mosque which was built by the [[Abbasid Caliphate|Abbasids]]. The mela commemorates the congregation of Sufi saints connected with Bukhari. It aligns with the [[Hindu calendar]] month of ''[[Chaitra]]''.

⚫
==Family==
[[File:2012 Bukhara 7515821196.jpg|thumb|Bukhara's old town in 2012, Uzbekistan]]
Bukhari was born on Friday, the fifth day of the twelfth month ([[Dhu al-Hijjah]]) of the year 595 AH, in Bukhara Region, in present-day Uzbekistan. Bukhari was the son of Syed Ali Al-Moeed and the grandson of Syed Ja’far Muhammed Hussain.<ref name="Hassami">Hassami S. K. A. B. ''Marat-e-Jalali (Red Clothed man from Bukhara)'' First Edition 1918, [[Allahabad]], Second Edition 1999, [[Karachi]].</ref> Bukhari's early education was provided by his father. He was later influenced by [[Syed Shah Jamal Mujarrad|Syed Shahjamal Mujarad]] of [[Kolhapur State]] in modern-day India.{{citation needed|date=February 2018}}

===Fatima (first wife)===
Bukhari's first wife was Syeda Fatima, the daughter of Syed Qasim. Bukhari and Fatima had two children, Ali and Ja’far. In 635 AH, after Fatima's death, Bukhari moved with his two sons from Bukhara to [[Bhakkar]], Punjab.<ref>Qadr M. A. "Mukhdoom Jahaniyan Jahangasht"</ref> Both their sons Ali and Ja’far are buried in Bukhara. Jafar's son was Abdullah also buried in Bukhara

===Zohra (second wife)===
In Bhakkar, Bukhari married Bibi Tahirah (Zohra), daughter of Syed Badruddin Bhakkari, the son of Sayyid Muhammad Makki. Zohra and Bukhari had two sons: Sadruddin Mohammed Ghaus (who moved to Punjab) and Bahauddin Mohamed Masoom. Their descendants now live in and around [[Thatta]], Uch (Deogarh) and [[Lahore]]. A daughter of Sadruddin Mohammed Ghaus married [[Jahaniyan Jahangasht]].<ref name="Hassami"/>

===Bibi Fatima Habiba Saeeda (third wife)===
After Zohra's death, Bukhari married the second daughter of Badruddin Bhakkari, Bibi Fatima Habiba Saeeda. They had a son, Ahmed Kabir, who was the father of [[Jahaniyan Jahangasht]] and Makhdoom Syed Sadruddin Rajan Qatal Kabir Naqvi Al Bukhari (father of [[Shah Jewna]]).<ref name="Hassami"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Pir-e-Kamil Hazrat Pir Shah Jewna Al-Naqvi Al-Bokhari|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/469327-pir-e-kamil-hazrat-pir-shah-jewna-al-naqvi-al-bokhari|access-date=2021-06-10|website=thenews.com.pk|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-05-09|title=Pir Shah Jewna: The soul still exudes spirituality|url=https://nation.com.pk/10-May-2016/pir-shah-jewna-the-soul-still-exudes-spirituality|access-date=2021-06-10|website=The Nation|language=en}}</ref> It is mentioned within books of history that Sayyid Badruddin's two brothers Sayyid Maah and Sayyid Shams objected to him marrying his two daughters to Bukhari and exiled Bukhari from Bhakkar. The main reason was due to Bukhari being against Materialism, and wearing inexpensive clothes.<ref>{{cite book|title=[[Manba Al-Ansab]] Urdu Translation |page=319 |editor-first=Sayyid Muin |editor-last= Al-Haqq |publisher=Madrassa Faydan Mustafa |date=2010}}</ref>

==Ancestors and descendants==
Bukhari's biography and family history are cited extensively in such works as the ''Marat-e-Jalali'', the ''Mazher-i-Jalali'', the ''Akber-ul-Akhyar'', the ''Rauzat-ul-Ahbab'', ''Maraij-ul-Walayat'', ''Manaqabi Qutbi'', the ''Siyar-ul-Aqtar'', the ''Siyar-ul-Arifeen'', the ''Manaqib-ul-Asifya'', and "Gulzar-e-Mustavi" by Syed Karam Ali Shah Bukhari.

In [[Kannauj]] there is a mosque in the name of Bukhari's son Makhdoom Jahaniyan Jahangasht, built by Jahaniyan's descendant and [[Sikandar Lodi]]'s advisor Syed Sadarudin Shah Kabir Naqvi Al Bukhari. This mosque has an aesthetic blend of architectural styles.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Makhdoom Jahaniya, Kannauj {{!}} Architecture fashion, Tourist places, Tourism|url=https://in.pinterest.com/pin/747245763167080165/|access-date=2021-06-10|website=Pinterest|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Makhdum Jahania – Kannauj|url=http://wikimapia.org/568472/Makhdum-Jahania|access-date=2021-06-10|website=wikimapia.org|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Makhdoom Jahaniya, mohalla Shekhana Kannauj|url=https://indiapl.com/uttar/makhdoom-jahaniya-81693|access-date=2021-06-10|website=indiapl.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-18|title=Tomb And Mosque of Makhdum Jahania, Kannauj, Uttar Pradesh, India|url=https://indiasthan.com/place/uttar-pradesh/550882/tomb-and-mosque-of-makhdum-jahania|access-date=2021-06-10|website=indiasthan.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Indian Journal of Archaeology|url=http://ijarch.org/CurrentIssue.aspx|access-date=2021-06-10|website=ijarch.org}}</ref>

There are a number of tombs of Bukhari descendants across Punjab, Sindh, Indian Gujrat, [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] and Uttar Pradesh in India. They include: Jahaniyan Jahangasht (d. 1308 CE).

Meeran Muhammad Shah aka Mauj Darya Bukhari in [[Lahore]] and Rajan Qittal, ''Bibi Jawindi'' (c. 1492 CE), Bukhari's great-granddaughter and, [[Dera Ghazi Khan]] and [[Channan Pir]] and Jabbi Sayyedan, Farward Kahuta, AJK and Wadpagga Sharif in [[Peshawar]]. Some moved to Kamalia and [[Sandhilianwali]] side then to Depalpur tehsil Dhole and then [[Firozpur]] During the 1850s with their Sikh friends they migrated to Sri Mukstar Sahib region of Ferozpur region such as Kabbarwala, Fattanwala, Bahmniwala and Fazilka India. They then migrated back into the present-day Pakistan area mainly resettling in Dipalpur tehsil and abroad but initially travelled outwards from the headquarters of Uch. Descendants of this family travelled across vast lands from Delhi, Bukhara and Mecca. Great Grandson of Hz. Jahaniya Jahangasht Qazi Husamuddin Hasan Bukhari in Allahabad (Old Kara Manikpur) in Uttar Pradesh India and his descendants are found in Chail and known as Naqvi Bukhari Syeds.

⚫
The [[tomb of Bibi Jawindi]] and the tomb and mosque of Jalaluddin Bukhari have been on the "tentative" list of [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]]s since 2004.<ref name="unesco">[https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1883/ "Tomb of Bibi Jawindi, Baha'al-Halim and Ustead and the Tomb and Mosque of Jalaluddin Bukhari."] UNESCO Global strategy, tentative lists, submitted 30 January 2004, Accessed 23 June 2017</ref> [[World Monuments Fund]] also promotes its conservation.<ref name="wmf">[http://www.wmf.org/project/uch-monument-complex/ "Uch monument complex."] World Monuments Fund, New York, NY. Accessed 23 June 2017</ref>

He also had a son called Syed Ahmad Kabir who moved to [[Makkah]]. Kabir's sister, Syeda Haseenah Fatimah, was the mother of [[Shah Jalal]].

===Family lineage===
According to family tree (between pages 40 and 41) of ''Mara'at Jalali'' (2nd Ed. 1999),<ref name="Hassami"/> Gulzar e Mustafvi first edition (authored by Syed Karam Ali Shah Bukhari Dholvi) and ''Malfuzul Makhdoom'' Bukhari's lineage is:
* Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari
* Syed Ali Al Moeed
* Syed Ameer
* Syed Ja'far
* Syed Muhammad Abu Al Fateh
* Syed Mehmood
* Syed Ahmed
* Syed Abdullah
* Syed Ali Al Asghar
* [[Ja'far ibn Ali al-Hadi]] [[Samarra]]
* [[Ali al-Hadi]] (Imam was forced to move from [[Medina]] around 848 CE to the [[Samarra]] by the Abbasid caliph [[al-Mutawakkil]])
* [[Muhammad al-Jawad]]
* [[Ali al-Ridha]]
* [[Musa al-Kadhim]]
* [[Ja'far al-Sadiq]]
* [[Muhammad al-Baqir]]
* [[Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin]]
* [[Husayn ibn Ali]]
* [[Ali]] ibn Abi-Talib


==See also==
==See also==
⚫
* [https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/mirat-e-jalali-ebooks Mirat e Jalali, First Edition 1918, Publisher: Asrar Karimi Press, Allahabad. Author: Syed Khalil Ahmed Bukhari Hassami (eBook)]
* [[Sharfuddin Shah Wilayat]]
* [[List of mausolea and shrines in Pakistan]]
* [[List of mausolea and shrines in Pakistan]]
*[[Syed]]
*[[Syed]]
Line 54: Line 121:
== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

==External links==
⚫
* [https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/mirat-e-jalali-ebooks Mirat e Jalali, First Edition 1918, Publisher: Asrar Karimi Press, Allahabad. Author: Syed Khalil Ahmed Bukhari Hassami (eBook)]


{{South Asian Muslim Saints}}
{{South Asian Muslim Saints}}

Revision as of 13:15, 8 January 2024

Mir-Buzurg

Sayyid Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari
Mir Surkh, Mir Buzurg, Makhdum-ul-Azam, Surkh-Posh, Jalal Ganj
Born1195[1]
Bhakkar, Undivided India
Died20 May 1290(1290-05-20) (aged 94–95)[1]
Uch, Delhi Sultanate
Spouses
  • Fatima bint Qasim
  • Sayyida Sharifa Bibi Tahirah bint Badruddin Bhakkari
  • Sayyida Bibi Fatima Habiba Saeeda bint Badruddin Bhakkari
FatherAli al-Moeed
InfluencesSyed Ali Almoid, Syed Jamal Mujjard
InfluencedSouth Asian Islam
Tradition or genre
Islam Faqr o walayat

Sayyid Jalaluddin "Surkh-Posh" Bukhari (Template:Lang-fa, c. 595-690 AH, 1190 – 1295 CE was a saint of the Indian subcontinent.He belonged to the Hussaini Jalali Sufi order through his father, Syed Ali Al Moeed. He was descended from the 10th Shia Imam, Ali al-Hadi.

Names

Bukhari, a family name, is derived from the location of his descent from the city of Bukhara in the ancient administrative region of Bukhara Province Uzbekistan.[2] Bukhari is a Sayyid from the Naqvi denomination, a descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad through his grandsons Husayn ibn Ali and Hasan ibn Ali. Bukhari was born as Jalaluddin Haider. Sayyid Jalaluddin Bukhari was born in Multan but later settled in Uchh.[3]

Bukhari was nicknamed Surkh-Posh ("clad in red") because he often wore a red mantle.[1]

Over time, he has been referred to by a number of names and titles: Jalal Ganj; Mir Surkh (Red Leader); Sharrifullah (Noble of Allah); Mir Buzurg (Big Leader); Makhdum-ul-Azam; Jalal Akbar; Azimullah; Sher Shah (Lion King); Jalal Azam and Surkh-Posh Bukhari. With formal honorifics, he is also called Sayyid Jalaluddin; Mir Surkh Bukhari; Shah Mir Surkh-Posh of Bukhara; Pir Jalaluddin Qutub-al-Aqtab; Sayyid Jalal and Sher Shah Sayyid Jalal.

Career

Bukhari's life was spent travelling. As an Islamic missionary, he converted tribes such as the Soomro, Samma, Chadhar, Sial, Daher and the Warar. Bukhari was one of the Chaar Yaar (not to be confused with the Rashidun). The Chaar Yaar were the group of pioneers of the Suhrawardiyya and Chisti Sufi movements of the 13th century. Bukhari founded the "Jalali" order. He converted the Samma, the Sial, the Chadhar, the Daher and the Warar tribes of the Southern Punjab and Sindh.[4]

Some of his followers (mureed) spread to Gujarat. The mureed included Bukhari's grandson, Jahaniyan Jahangasht (d. 1384 CE) who visited Mecca 36 times. In 1134 CE, the Sial followers of Bukhari settled in the community that is now Jhang. Bukhari's descendant, Mehboob Elahi Shah|Mehboob Elahi Naqvi-ul Bukhari Al-Maroof Shah Jewna also moved to Jhang from Kannauj. There is a town in Pakistan in the name of Shah Jewna his descendants are still present in India as well as Pakistan. Many of Bukhari's disciples are buried in Banbhore and Makli Hill near Thatta.[5][6][7][8][9]

Legendary meetings

Sultan of Delhi

In 642 AH, when Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari had begun his missionary work in Uch Shareef, he was visited by Nasiruddin Mahmud of the Delhi Sultanate.[citation needed]

Shah Daulah Shahid

Shah Daulah Shahid, is a Muslim saint who is buried in Bengal. In Bukhara, Bukhari presented Saint Daulah with a pair of grey pigeons. From Bukhara, Saint Daulah travelled to Bengal where he battled and was killed by the Hindu king of Shahzadpur.[10]

Chengiz Khan

According to legend: Jalaluddin Surkh Posh was on his way to India and met Chengiz Khan, the Mongol conqueror. So forth he tried to convince him to convert to Islam however failed.[1]

His two male issues from his second wife, Fatima, the daughter of Sayyid Qasim Hussein Bukhari, Sayyid Ali and Sayyid Jaffar, are buried in tombs at Bukhara. He brought his son Sayyid Baha-ul-Halim with him to Sindh and then he settled in Uchch in 1244.[citation needed]

Death

In 1244 CE (about 640AH), Bukhari moved to Uch, South Punjab (also known as Uch Sharif after the saint settled there) with his son, Baha-ul-Halim, where he founded a religious school. He died in about 690 AH (1295 CE) and was buried in a small town near Uch. [citation needed] After his tomb was damaged by flood waters of the Ghaggar-Hakra River, Bukhari's remains were buried in Qattal town. In 1027 AH, Sajjada Nashin Makhdoom Hamid, son of Muhammad Nassir-u-Din, moved Bukhari's remains to their present location in Uch and erected a building over them. In 1770s CE, the tomb was rebuilt by the Nawab of Bahawalpur, Bahawal Khan II.[citation needed]

Mosque (left) and entrance to the tomb/shrine of Jalaluddin Bukhari (right) in Uch

The tomb is a short way from the cemetery of Uch. It stands on a promontory overlooking the plains and the desert beyond. To one side of the tomb is a mosque decorated with blue tilework. In front of the tomb is a pool. A carved wooden door leads into the room containing Bukhari's coffin. UNESCO describes the site:

The brick-built tomb measures 18 meters by 24 meters and its carved wooden pillars support a flat roof and it is decorated with glazed tiles in floral and geometric designs. The ceiling is painted with floral designs in lacquer and its floor is covered with the graves of the saint and his relatives an interior partition provides 'purdah' for those of his womenfolk. Its mosque consists of a hall, measuring 20 meters by 11 meters, with 18 wooden pillars supporting a flat roof. It was built of cut and dressed bricks and further decorated, internally and externally, with enamelled tiles in floral and geometric designs.[11]

Mela Uch Sharif

According to World Monuments Fund, "The ancient city of Uch was one of several metropolises founded by Alexander the Great on his crusade through Central Asia in the late 4th century BC."[12]

The Mela Uch Sharif is a week-long mela (folk festival) held in March – April in Uch. People from southern Punjab come to honour Bukhari's role in spreading Islam. Participants visit Bukhari's tomb and offer Friday prayers at the local mosque which was built by the Abbasids. The mela commemorates the congregation of Sufi saints connected with Bukhari. It aligns with the Hindu calendar month of Chaitra.

Family

Bukhara's old town in 2012, Uzbekistan

Bukhari was born on Friday, the fifth day of the twelfth month (Dhu al-Hijjah) of the year 595 AH, in Bukhara Region, in present-day Uzbekistan. Bukhari was the son of Syed Ali Al-Moeed and the grandson of Syed Ja’far Muhammed Hussain.[13] Bukhari's early education was provided by his father. He was later influenced by Syed Shahjamal Mujarad of Kolhapur State in modern-day India.[citation needed]

Fatima (first wife)

Bukhari's first wife was Syeda Fatima, the daughter of Syed Qasim. Bukhari and Fatima had two children, Ali and Ja’far. In 635 AH, after Fatima's death, Bukhari moved with his two sons from Bukhara to Bhakkar, Punjab.[14] Both their sons Ali and Ja’far are buried in Bukhara. Jafar's son was Abdullah also buried in Bukhara

Zohra (second wife)

In Bhakkar, Bukhari married Bibi Tahirah (Zohra), daughter of Syed Badruddin Bhakkari, the son of Sayyid Muhammad Makki. Zohra and Bukhari had two sons: Sadruddin Mohammed Ghaus (who moved to Punjab) and Bahauddin Mohamed Masoom. Their descendants now live in and around Thatta, Uch (Deogarh) and Lahore. A daughter of Sadruddin Mohammed Ghaus married Jahaniyan Jahangasht.[13]

Bibi Fatima Habiba Saeeda (third wife)

After Zohra's death, Bukhari married the second daughter of Badruddin Bhakkari, Bibi Fatima Habiba Saeeda. They had a son, Ahmed Kabir, who was the father of Jahaniyan Jahangasht and Makhdoom Syed Sadruddin Rajan Qatal Kabir Naqvi Al Bukhari (father of Shah Jewna).[13][15][16] It is mentioned within books of history that Sayyid Badruddin's two brothers Sayyid Maah and Sayyid Shams objected to him marrying his two daughters to Bukhari and exiled Bukhari from Bhakkar. The main reason was due to Bukhari being against Materialism, and wearing inexpensive clothes.[17]

Ancestors and descendants

Bukhari's biography and family history are cited extensively in such works as the Marat-e-Jalali, the Mazher-i-Jalali, the Akber-ul-Akhyar, the Rauzat-ul-Ahbab, Maraij-ul-Walayat, Manaqabi Qutbi, the Siyar-ul-Aqtar, the Siyar-ul-Arifeen, the Manaqib-ul-Asifya, and "Gulzar-e-Mustavi" by Syed Karam Ali Shah Bukhari.

In Kannauj there is a mosque in the name of Bukhari's son Makhdoom Jahaniyan Jahangasht, built by Jahaniyan's descendant and Sikandar Lodi's advisor Syed Sadarudin Shah Kabir Naqvi Al Bukhari. This mosque has an aesthetic blend of architectural styles.[18][19][20][21][22]

There are a number of tombs of Bukhari descendants across Punjab, Sindh, Indian Gujrat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Uttar Pradesh in India. They include: Jahaniyan Jahangasht (d. 1308 CE).

Meeran Muhammad Shah aka Mauj Darya Bukhari in Lahore and Rajan Qittal, Bibi Jawindi (c. 1492 CE), Bukhari's great-granddaughter and, Dera Ghazi Khan and Channan Pir and Jabbi Sayyedan, Farward Kahuta, AJK and Wadpagga Sharif in Peshawar. Some moved to Kamalia and Sandhilianwali side then to Depalpur tehsil Dhole and then Firozpur During the 1850s with their Sikh friends they migrated to Sri Mukstar Sahib region of Ferozpur region such as Kabbarwala, Fattanwala, Bahmniwala and Fazilka India. They then migrated back into the present-day Pakistan area mainly resettling in Dipalpur tehsil and abroad but initially travelled outwards from the headquarters of Uch. Descendants of this family travelled across vast lands from Delhi, Bukhara and Mecca. Great Grandson of Hz. Jahaniya Jahangasht Qazi Husamuddin Hasan Bukhari in Allahabad (Old Kara Manikpur) in Uttar Pradesh India and his descendants are found in Chail and known as Naqvi Bukhari Syeds.

The tomb of Bibi Jawindi and the tomb and mosque of Jalaluddin Bukhari have been on the "tentative" list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites since 2004.[11] World Monuments Fund also promotes its conservation.[12]

He also had a son called Syed Ahmad Kabir who moved to Makkah. Kabir's sister, Syeda Haseenah Fatimah, was the mother of Shah Jalal.

Family lineage

According to family tree (between pages 40 and 41) of Mara'at Jalali (2nd Ed. 1999),[13] Gulzar e Mustafvi first edition (authored by Syed Karam Ali Shah Bukhari Dholvi) and Malfuzul Makhdoom Bukhari's lineage is:

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d Anna Suvorova; Professor of Indo-Islamic Culture and Head of Department of Asian Literatures Anna Suvorova (22 July 2004). Muslim Saints of South Asia: The Eleventh to Fifteenth Centuries. Routledge. pp. 149–. ISBN 978-1-134-37006-1.
  2. ^ Yasin M. and Asin M. (Ed.) "Reading in Indian History." Atlantic 1988. p41. Accessed in English at Google Books on 23 June 2017
  3. ^ Rajendra Kumar Gupta (2004). Sufism beyond religion. B.R. Pub. p. 158. One of his forefathers was Sayyed Jalaluddin Bukhari , who was born in Multan but later settled in Uchh in undivided India .
  4. ^ "Pir-e-Kamil Hazrat Pir Shah Jewna Al-Naqvi Al-Bokhari". thenews.com.pk. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  5. ^ "Hazrat Pir Shah Jewna (RA)". The Nation (newspaper). 9 May 2012. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  6. ^ "Hazrat Pir Shah Jewna Al-Naqvi Al-Bokhari". janathimessage.co.uk. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  7. ^ "Pir-e-Kamil Hazrat Pir Shah Jewna Al-Naqvi Al-Bokhari". The News International (newspaper). Retrieved 26 June 2021.
  8. ^ "Hazrat Pir Shah Jewna Al-Naqvi Al-Bokhari". janathimessage.co.uk. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
  9. ^ "Indian Journal of Archaeology". ijarch.org. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
  10. ^ Wali M. A. (1904) "On the Antiquity and Traditions of Shahzadpur" Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Calcutta. January to December 1904. p2
  11. ^ a b "Tomb of Bibi Jawindi, Baha'al-Halim and Ustead and the Tomb and Mosque of Jalaluddin Bukhari." UNESCO Global strategy, tentative lists, submitted 30 January 2004, Accessed 23 June 2017
  12. ^ a b "Uch monument complex." World Monuments Fund, New York, NY. Accessed 23 June 2017
  13. ^ a b c d Hassami S. K. A. B. Marat-e-Jalali (Red Clothed man from Bukhara) First Edition 1918, Allahabad, Second Edition 1999, Karachi.
  14. ^ Qadr M. A. "Mukhdoom Jahaniyan Jahangasht"
  15. ^ "Pir-e-Kamil Hazrat Pir Shah Jewna Al-Naqvi Al-Bokhari". thenews.com.pk. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
  16. ^ "Pir Shah Jewna: The soul still exudes spirituality". The Nation. 9 May 2016. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
  17. ^ Al-Haqq, Sayyid Muin, ed. (2010). Manba Al-Ansab Urdu Translation. Madrassa Faydan Mustafa. p. 319.
  18. ^ "Makhdoom Jahaniya, Kannauj | Architecture fashion, Tourist places, Tourism". Pinterest. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
  19. ^ "Makhdum Jahania – Kannauj". wikimapia.org. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
  20. ^ "Makhdoom Jahaniya, mohalla Shekhana Kannauj". indiapl.com. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
  21. ^ "Tomb And Mosque of Makhdum Jahania, Kannauj, Uttar Pradesh, India". indiasthan.com. 18 October 2020. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
  22. ^ "Indian Journal of Archaeology". ijarch.org. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
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