Jump to content

Red Sea crisis: Difference between revisions

Extended-protected article
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Re-added sourced info; Undid revision 1189911161 by Skitash (talk)
Tags: Undo Reverted
added impact
Line 123: Line 123:


On 14 December 2023, a Houthi-launched missile was fired at the Maersk Gibraltar, though it missed its target.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/yemen-houthi-ship-attack-missile-israel-hamas-war-gaza-strip-b2478db9aaad81ca447e6a393480f9a8|title=Missile fired from rebel-controlled Yemen misses a container ship in Bab el-Mandeb Strait|date=14 December 2023|website=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref>
On 14 December 2023, a Houthi-launched missile was fired at the Maersk Gibraltar, though it missed its target.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/yemen-houthi-ship-attack-missile-israel-hamas-war-gaza-strip-b2478db9aaad81ca447e6a393480f9a8|title=Missile fired from rebel-controlled Yemen misses a container ship in Bab el-Mandeb Strait|date=14 December 2023|website=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref>

== Impact ==

Houthi attacks have impacted shipping into Israel and local trade, with commercial shipping to the port of [[Eilat]] having almost completely ceased.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.axios.com/2023/12/14/us-warns-yemens-houthis-stop-red-sea-attacks |title=U.S. warns Houthis to stop attacks in Red Sea |last= Ravid |first= Barak |date= 15 December 2023 |website=axios|access-date= 15 December 2023}}</ref> Instead, commercial ships coming from Asia to Israel, as well as some commercial ships not destined for Israel, have started to to go around Africa, which makes the journey around three weeks longer while increasing expenses.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.axios.com/2023/12/14/us-warns-yemens-houthis-stop-red-sea-attacks |title=U.S. warns Houthis to stop attacks in Red Sea |last= Ravid |first= Barak |date= 15 December 2023 |website=axios|access-date= 15 December 2023}}</ref>

Another impact of Houthi involvement was that insurance costs for commercial ships that go through the Red sea, have doubled. Israeli ships have seen an increase however of 250%, and others were not able to get insurance at all.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/how-are-houthi-seizures-in-the-vital-red-sea-shipping-lane-impacting-global-trade/ |title=How are Houthi seizures in the vital Red Sea shipping lane impacting global trade? |last= Bonell and McHugh |first= Courtney and David |date= 14 December 2023 |website=Times of Israel |access-date= 15 December 2023}}</ref>




== Responses ==
== Responses ==

Revision as of 10:40, 15 December 2023

Houthi involvement in the Israel–Hamas war
Part of the 2023 Israel–Hamas war

Houthi attacks on commercial ships in the Bab-el-Mandeb strait
Date19 October 2023 – present
Location
Israel, Red Sea, airspace of Saudi Arabia, Jordan, and Egypt
Status Ongoing
Belligerents
 Houthi movement  Israel
 United States
 France
 Saudi Arabia
Commanders and leaders
Strength
Unclear (see Houthi armed strength) Israel 1 Sa'ar 6-class corvette[2]
United States 3 Arleigh Burke-class destroyers[a]
France 1 FREMM multipurpose frigate[3]
Casualties and losses
Unclear United States 1 MQ-9 Reaper drone shot down
Six Egyptian civilians wounded
One cargo ship seized by the Houthis and 25 crewmembers remain captured; another ship was captured, released the same day and 22 crewmembers were freed

During the 2023 conflict between Israel and Hamas, the Houthi movement in Yemen, an Iranian proxy militia[4] aligned with Hamas, launched attacks targeting Israel. They employed missiles and Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), some of which were subsequently intercepted by the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) over the Red Sea using the Arrow missile defense system; others fell short of their targets or were intercepted by the United States Navy and the Israeli Air Force.

Additionally, Houthi forces have launched rocket and missile attacks on commercial vessels of various nations in the Red Sea off the coast of Yemen, especially in the Bab-el-Mandeb strait.

Background

The Houthi movement is a Shiite militant organization that controls northern Yemen and is supported and funded by Iran,[5] and reportedly serves as their proxy in regional wars.[6] The movement's slogan is "Death to America, Death to Israel, Curse the Jews, Victory to Islam."[7]

After the outbreak of the 2023 Israel–Hamas war, militant groups across the Middle East, including the Houthis, expressed support for the Palestinians and threatened to attack Israel. Houthi leader Abdul-Malik al-Houthi warned the United States against intervening, threatening retaliation with drones and missiles.[8]

Types of weapons used by the Houthis

Houthi weapons come mainly from Iran.[6] They are known to use surface-to-surface missiles, artillery rockets and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).[9] They have several missiles and UAVs capable of reaching Israel from Yemen:

  • Toufan – a surface-to-surface missile, with a range of 1,800 km (1,100 mi).[10]
  • Cruise missiles – from the Iranian Soumar family, with strike ranges of about 2,000 km (1,200 mi).[10]
  • Quds-2 missile – supposedly with a range of 1,350 km (840 mi) but made to strike Israel.[11]
  • 3-Samad and 4-Samad – attack UAVs with ranges of 1,800 km (1,100 mi)+.[11]
  • Wa’id drones – similar to Iran's Shahed 136, attack UAV with a range of 2,500 km (1,600 mi).[11]

Events

Further information: Taba and Nuweiba drone attacks
USS Carney engages Houthi missiles

On 19 October 2023, U.S. officials said the Navy destroyer USS Carney shot down three land-attack cruise missiles and several drones heading toward Israel launched by the Houthis in Yemen. This was the first action by the U.S. military to defend Israel since the outbreak of the war.[8] It was later reported that the ship shot down four cruise missiles and 15 drones.[12] Another missile was reportedly intercepted by Saudi Arabia.[13]

On 27 October 2023, two drones were fired in a northerly direction from the southern Red Sea. According to Israel Defense Forces (IDF) officials, their target was Israel, but they did not cross the border from Egypt. Of the two drones, one fell short and hit a building adjacent to a hospital in Taba, Egypt, injuring six; the other was shot down near an electricity plant close to the town of Nuweiba, Egypt.[14][15][16] A Houthi official later made a one-word post on Twitter after the drone crashed in Taba, mentioning the nearby Israeli town of Eilat.[17]

On 31 October, an alert was triggered in Eilat, Eilot and the Shahorit industrial park area regarding the penetration of hostile aircraft from the Red Sea. The aircraft was successfully intercepted over the Red Sea. The Arrow system intercepted a ballistic missile and the Air Force intercepted several cruise missiles fired from the Red Sea towards Eilat. The Houthis took responsibility for the launches.[18] One cruise missile was shot down by an F-35i Adir jet.[19] The downing of the missile by the Arrow marks the first time it has been used in the Israel–Hamas war.[20] According to Israeli officials, the interception occurred above Earth's atmosphere above the Negev Desert, making it the first instance of space warfare in history.[21]

On 1 November at 0:45, the IDF intercepted an air threat fired from Yemen and identified south of Eilat.[22]

A U.S. MQ-9 Reaper drone was shot down off the coast of Yemen by Houthi air defences on 8 November; the Pentagon previously said that MQ-9 drones were flying over Gaza in an intelligence gathering role to aid in the hostage recovery efforts.[23]

On 9 November, the Houthis fired a missile towards the city of Eilat.[24] The missile was intercepted by an "Arrow 3" missile, marking the first time it was used in an interception.[25]

On 14 November, the Houthis fired numerous missiles, one of which was aimed towards the city of Eilat. The missile was intercepted by an Arrow missile according to Israeli officials.[26]

The following day, US officials said that USS Thomas Hudner shot down a drone, fired from Yemen, that was headed towards it.[27]

Galaxy Leader

On 19 November, the car transporter Galaxy Leader was hijacked by the Houthis, with 25 individuals on board.[28] The empty car transporter on route to India was boarded using a Mil Mi-17 helicopter.[29] The incident followed a statement by Houthi spokesman Yahya Sarea on the group's Telegram channel, declaring their intention to target ships owned, operated by Israeli companies, or carrying the Israeli flag.[30] According to the ship's owner, the vessel was then moved to the Yemeni port of Hodeidah.[31]

Sarea also urged countries to remove their citizens from crews of such ships. Earlier, Houthi leader Abdul-Malik al-Houthi had threatened further attacks against Israeli interests, including potential targets in the Red Sea and the Bab al-Mandeb Strait. His speech emphasized the group's capability to monitor and target Israeli ships in these regions.[32]

On 22 November, the Houthis fired a cruise missile aimed towards the city of Eilat. Israeli officials said the missile was successfully shot down by an F-35.[33]

On 23 November 2023, US officials said that the destroyer USS Thomas Hudner had shot down several attack drones launched from Yemen.[34]

On 24 November 2023, the Houthis attacked the CMA CGM Symi, a Malta-flagged container ship in the Indian Ocean.[35] A drone was shot down over the Red Sea by an IDF fighter jet.[36]

On 25 November 2023, suspected Houthi fighters seized a freighter that was "Israeli-owned, Malta-flagged" while it was in transit across the Red Sea.[37]

On 26 November 2023, the Liberian-flagged M/V Central Park, an oil tanker managed by Zodiac Maritime, was seized off the coast of Yemen in the Gulf of Aden. It carried a full cargo of phosphoric acid with 22 crew members consisting of Russian, Vietnamese, Bulgarian, Indian, Georgian and Filipino nationals.[38] The destroyer USS Mason, along with a partner nation in the multilateral anti-piracy operation CTF 151, conducted a visit, board, search and seizure (VBSS) operation that facilitated the release of the Central Park and captured the hijackers on the ship following their attempted escape. The U.S. military reported that in the early morning hours of the following day, two ballistic missiles were fired in the direction of the Mason and the Central Park from Houthi territory in Yemen and ended up in the Gulf of Aden. The ship was not unharmed.[39][39][40] The five hijackers, all suspected Somali pirates, were detained by the U.S. Navy.[40][41]

On 29 November 2023, U.S. officials said the U.S. Navy destroyer USS Carney shot down a Houthi KAS-04 drone as the destroyer approached the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait.[42]

On 30 November 2023, Saudi media reported that an Israeli airstrike caused an explosion at a Houthi arms depot in Sana'a, the capital of Yemen. Houthi officials denied the report, stating that a gas station was hit instead. A member of the Houthis' political bureau, Hezam al-Asad, said that the explosion was caused by the remnants of a bomb left over from the Yemeni civil war.[43]

On 3 December 2023, the United States Navy Arleigh Burke-class destroyer USS Carney reportedly shot down three attack drones launched from Yemen that were approaching the ship. After shooting down the drones, the ship responded to a distress call by three commercial ships in the area (the Unity Explorer, Number 9 and Sophie II) which were under attack by ballistic missiles launched from Yemen.[44]

The Houthis claimed responsibility for two of the attacks. Houthi military spokesman Brig. Gen. Yahya Saree stated that one merchant vessel was hit by a missile and another by a drone while in the Bab el-Mandeb strait, without mentioning a warship.[44] A Pentagon source said that the attacks on Carney caused no injuries or damage.[45]

On 6 December 2023, the Houthi movement launched several ballistic missiles at Israeli military posts in Eilat. On the same day, USS Mason shot down a drone launched from Yemen. There were no clear indications on what its target was.[46]

On 10 December 2023, the French Navy's frigate Languedoc, operating in the Red Sea, intercepted two drones launched from Hodeida, a Houthi-held port.[47]

On 12 December 2023, the Houthis launched an anti-ship cruise missile attack against the Norwegian commercial ship Strinda, an oil and chemical tanker operated by the J. Ludwig Mowinckels Rederi company, while it was close to the Bab-el-Mandeb. The Strinda was on its way from Malaysia to Italy (via the Suez Canal). The attack caused a fire aboard the ship; no crew members were injured.[48][49] The ship was carrying cargo of palm oil. The French Armed Forces Ministry and U.S. Department of Defense reported that the Languedoc shot down a drone targeted in the Strinda, and the USS Mason also rendered aid. The Houthi attack on the Strinda was an expansion of its series of attacks against maritime shipping in the strait; the Houthis began to attack commercial vessels without any discernible tie to Israel.[49]

On 13 December 2023, Houthi rebels attempted to board the Ardmore Encounter, a Marshall Islands-flagged commercial tanker coming from Mangalore, India and en route to either Rotterdam, Netherlands or Gavle, Sweden, but failed, prompting a distress call from the ship. They then targeted the tanker with missiles, which missed. The USS Mason responded to the tanker’s distress call and shot down a UAV launched from a Houthi-controlled area. The Ardmore Encounter was able to continue its voyage without further incident.[50]

On 14 December 2023, a Houthi-launched missile was fired at the Maersk Gibraltar, though it missed its target.[51]

Impact

Houthi attacks have impacted shipping into Israel and local trade, with commercial shipping to the port of Eilat having almost completely ceased.[52] Instead, commercial ships coming from Asia to Israel, as well as some commercial ships not destined for Israel, have started to to go around Africa, which makes the journey around three weeks longer while increasing expenses.[53]

Another impact of Houthi involvement was that insurance costs for commercial ships that go through the Red sea, have doubled. Israeli ships have seen an increase however of 250%, and others were not able to get insurance at all.[54]


Responses

In a speech at a manufacturing exposition following the incident of 27 October, Egyptian president Abdel Fattah al-Sisi urged all parties in the 2023 Israel–Hamas war to respect Egypt's sovereignty, and emphasized that the Egyptian Army was able to protect the country in case of any more attacks.[55]

In early December 2023, Israel called upon Western allies to respond to threats to maritime shipping from the Houthis; Israeli National Security Adviser Tzachi Hanegbi said that if threats continue, "we will act to remove this blockade."[49]

While the U.S. Navy has shot down Houthi rockets and missiles in the Red Sea, the U.S. declined thus far to respond with military retaliation.[56][57] However, in early December 2023, the U.S. said that it was in talks with allies on the creation of a naval task force to provide protective escorts to commercial vessels in the Bab-el-Mandeb strait and Gulf of Aden region, similar to the naval escorts of vessels in the Arabian Gulf and through the Strait of Hormuz during the "Tanker War" in the 1980s.[57]

Maersk, the major Danish shipping firm, said in December 2023 that the company, in response to Houthi attacks on commercial vessels, had "implemented additional security measures for our vessels and seafarers in the area including rerouting” around the Bab-el-Mandeb strait.[49]

The Southern Transitional Council reportedly said in December 2023 that it was willing to cooperate with Israel to fight against the Houthis.[58]

See also

Notes

References

  1. ^ Jhaveri, Ashka; Soltani, Amin; Moore, Johanna; Carl, Nicholas (9 December 2023). "Iran Update, December 9, 2023". Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  2. ^ "Yemen's Houthis claim missile attack on Norwegian tanker in tense Middle East". Reuters. 12 December 2023. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
  3. ^ "French warship intercepts Huthis aerial attack on Norwegian tanker near Red Sea". France24. 12 December 2023. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
  4. ^ [1]
  5. ^ Bayoumy, Yara; Ghobari, Mohammed (15 December 2014). "Iranian support seen crucial for Yemen's Houthis". Reuters. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
  6. ^ a b "Iran warns proxy groups like the Houthis could expand operations against Israel". The Times of Israel. 1 November 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  7. ^ Fabian, Emanuel (31 October 2023). "In first, Arrow downs Eilat-bound missile from 'Red Sea area'; Houthis claim attack". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
  8. ^ a b Copp, Tara; Baldor, Lolita (19 October 2023). "US military shoots down missiles and drones as it faces growing threats in volatile Middle East". Associated Press. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  9. ^ "Yemen's Houthi rebels claim to launch major drone attack on Israel". The Times of Israel. 1 November 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  10. ^ a b "Interview: Inside the Houthi arsenal that can reach Israel". Amwaj.media. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  11. ^ a b c Jalal, Ibrahim. "The Houthis' Red Sea missile and drone attack: Drivers and implications". Middle East Institute. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
  12. ^ Liebermann, Oren (20 October 2023). "Incident involving US warship intercepting missiles near Yemen lasted 9 hours". CNN. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
  13. ^ "IntelBrief: Houthi Involvement in Mideast War Hinders Prospects for a Yemen Settlement". The Soufan Center. 8 November 2023. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
  14. ^ Hassan, Ahmed Mohamed; Williams, Dan (27 October 2023). "Drone blasts hit two Egyptian Red Sea towns, Israel points to Houthi". Reuters. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
  15. ^ "Blasts hit two Egyptian Red Sea towns near Israel border, six injured". Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
  16. ^ Fabian, Emanuel (27 October 2023). "Missile that hit Egypt likely came from Yemen, IDF indicates; 2nd Sinai impact reported". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  17. ^ "Yemen's Houthi rebels appear to threaten Israel: 'Eilat'". The Times of Israel. 28 October 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  18. ^ Nereim, Vivian; Al-Batati, Saeed (31 October 2023). "Yemen's Houthi militia claims to have launched an attack on Israel". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  19. ^ Malyasov, Dylan (2 November 2023). "Israel shoots down Houthi cruise missiles using F-35i Adir fighter jets". Defence Blog. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
  20. ^ Fabian, Emanuel (1 November 2023). "In first, Arrow downs Eilat-bound missile from 'Red Sea area'; Houthis claim attack". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
  21. ^ Barber, Harriet (4 November 2023). "How Israel shot down a ballistic missile in space for the first time". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  22. ^ "Houthis Claim Responsibility for Attack on Israel". Asharq Al-Awsat. 1 November 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  23. ^ Watson, Eleanor (8 November 2023). "U.S. MQ-9 Drone shot down off the coast of Yemen". CBS News. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  24. ^ "Israel strikes Syria after drone hits southern Eilat city – Israeli military". Reuters. 9 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
  25. ^ Fabian, Emanuel (9 November 2023). "Israel's Arrow 3 has made its 1st-ever interception, downing likely Yemen-fired missile". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
  26. ^ "Yemen's Houthis say they fired ballistic missiles towards Israel". Al Jazeera English. 14 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
  27. ^ Watson, Eleanor; Martin, David (15 November 2023). "U.S. Navy warship shoots down drone fired from Yemen". CBS News. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
  28. ^ "Japan condemns Yemen's Houthi rebels hijack of cargo ship in Red Sea". BBC News. 20 November 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  29. ^ Gambrell, Jon (22 November 2023). "Yemen rebels' helicopter-borne attack on ship raises risks in Red Sea". Associated Press. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  30. ^ "Yemen's Houthis say will target all ships owned, operated by Israeli companies". Al Arabiya English. 19 November 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  31. ^ "Seized Galaxy Leader ship in Yemen's Hodeidah port area -owner". Reuters. 20 November 2023. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
  32. ^ "Yemen's Houthis hijack Israeli-linked ship in Red Sea, take 25 crew members hostage". Al Arabiya English. 19 November 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  33. ^ Fabian, Emanuel (22 November 2023). "IDF says it shot down cruise missile — apparently fired by Houthis — over Red Sea". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
  34. ^ Irwin, Lauren (23 November 2023). "US warship shoots down multiple 'attack drones' in Red Sea". The Hill. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
  35. ^ Gambrell, Jon (25 November 2023). "An Israeli-owned ship was targeted in suspected Iranian attack in Indian Ocean, US official tells AP". Associated Press. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  36. ^ Fabian, Emanuel (25 November 2023). "IDF says it shot down a drone over Red Sea heading toward Eilat". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  37. ^ Parry, Andie; Moore, Johanna; Ganzeveld, Annika; Carl, Nicholas (25 November 2023). "IRAN UPDATE, NOVEMBER 25, 2023". Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  38. ^ Gambrell, Jon. "Israeli-linked oil tanker seized off the coast of Aden, Yemen, intelligence firm says". Associated Press. Retrieved 26 November 2023.
  39. ^ a b Gambrell, Jon (26 November 2023). "US Navy seizes attackers who held Israel-linked tanker. Missiles from rebel-controlled Yemen follow". Associated Press. Retrieved 26 November 2023.
  40. ^ a b Lopez, C. (27 November 2023). "U.S., Partner Nation Task Force Respond to Commercial Vessel Distress Call". U.S. Department of Defense. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  41. ^ Seligman, Lara (27 November 2023). "Pentagon: Suspected Somali pirates behind cargo ship attack in the Middle East". Politico. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  42. ^ Baldor, Lolita (29 November 2023). "US Navy warship shoots down a drone launched by Houthis from Yemen". Associated Press. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  43. ^ "Israeli strike behind blast at Houthi weapons depot in Yemen's capital — report". The Times of Israel. 1 December 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  44. ^ a b "3 commercial ships hit by missiles in Houthi attack in Red Sea, US warship downs 3 drones". Associated Press. 3 December 2023. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
  45. ^ Cooper, Helene (3 December 2023). "U.S. Navy Destroyer Is Attacked in Red Sea, Pentagon Says". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  46. ^ "Yemen's Houthis say they launched ballistic missiles at Israel". Reuters. 6 December 2023. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
  47. ^ "French naval ship in Red Sea intercepts 2 drones launched from Houthi-held Yemen port". The Times of Israel. Agence France-Presse. 10 December 2023.
  48. ^ Stewart, Phil; Awadalla, Nadine (12 December 2023). "Yemen's Houthis claim attack on Norwegian tanker". Reuters. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
  49. ^ a b c d Gambrell, Jon (12 December 2013). "A missile fired by Yemen's Houthi rebels strikes a Norwegian-flagged tanker in the Red Sea". Associated Press.
  50. ^ "US shoots down 'aerial vehicle' launched from Yemen's Houthi-held area". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 14 December 2023.
  51. ^ "Missile fired from rebel-controlled Yemen misses a container ship in Bab el-Mandeb Strait". Associated Press. 14 December 2023.
  52. ^ Ravid, Barak (15 December 2023). "U.S. warns Houthis to stop attacks in Red Sea". axios. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
  53. ^ Ravid, Barak (15 December 2023). "U.S. warns Houthis to stop attacks in Red Sea". axios. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
  54. ^ Bonell and McHugh, Courtney and David (14 December 2023). "How are Houthi seizures in the vital Red Sea shipping lane impacting global trade?". Times of Israel. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
  55. ^ "Sisi Urges All to Respect Egypt's Sovereignty after Drone Incidents". Asharq Al-Awsat. 28 October 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  56. ^ Baldor, Lolita (7 December 2023). "Who are the Houthis and why hasn't the US retaliated for their attacks on ships in the Middle East?". Associated Press.
  57. ^ a b Lillis, Katie; Bertrand, Natasha (7 December 2023). "US military in talks to escort commercial ships in Red Sea amid attacks from Iranian-backed militants". CNN.
  58. ^ "Yemen's STC 'ready to work with Israel' against Houthis". New Arab. 12 December 2023. Retrieved 14 December 2023.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Red_Sea_crisis&oldid=1190008371"