skumt

Latvian

Etymology

The origin of this word is unclear. One possibility is that it a form of the dialectal verb kumt “to bend, to stoop,” from Proto-Indo-European *kew-, *ku- “to swell, to bend” with an extra -m. The initial s would result from variation, as in the case of kumšķis ~ skumšķis (q.v.). The original meaning would thus have been “to bend, to stoop,” presumably from sadness, distress, depression (note the use of the prefix no- in the perfective noskumt; originally, no- denoted upward motion). Another hypothesis suggests a connection with the idea of “dark” or “darkening,” deriving skumt from Proto-Indo-European *kew- “to cover,” from which also Norwegian skume “dark,” Old Norse skúmi “twilight.”^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [skùmt]

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Verb

skumt (intransitive, 1st conjugation, present skumstu, skumsti, skumst, past skumu)

to be, become sad, to sadden, to feel sadness, sorrow, to grieve
skumt par neveiksmēm ― to be sad about a failure

un tomēr viņš gaidīja pavasari un skuma, ka ziema ir tik gara un barga ― and yet he waited for spring and was sad about winter being so long and harsh

patiesību sakot, viņš daudz neskuma par Ēvalda aiziešanu ― truth be told, he wasn't really sad about Ēvalds' departure

dārznieks skuma pēc sava mīļotā dēla un raudāja žēlas asaras ― the gardener grieved for his beloved son and cried sorrowful tears

vientuļa, tukša skumst pamestā māja, / dūmenī vēji tik pusnaktīs gaudo ― lonely, empty, the abandoned house is sad, / the winds in the chimney howl at midnight

Conjugation

conjugation of skumt

	INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme)				IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme)
		Present (tagadne)	Past (pagātne)	Future (nākotne)	IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme)
1st pers. sg.	es	skumstu	skumu	skumšu	—
2nd pers. sg.	tu	skumsti	skumi	skumsi	skumsti
3rd pers. sg.	viņš, viņa	skumst	skuma	skums	lai skumst
1st pers. pl.	mēs	skumstam	skumām	skumsim	skumsim
2nd pers. pl.	jūs	skumstat	skumāt	skumsiet, skumsit	skumstiet
3rd pers. pl.	viņi, viņas	skumst	skuma	skums	lai skumst

RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme)			PARTICIPLES (divdabji)
Present	skumstot		Present Active 1 (Adj.)		skumstošs
Past	esot skumis		Present Active 2 (Adv.)		skumdams
Future	skumšot		Present Active 3 (Adv.)		skumstot
Imperative	lai skumstot		Present Active 4 (Obj.)		skumstam
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme)			Past Active		skumis
Present	skumtu		Present Passive		—
Past	būtu skumis		Past Passive		—
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme)			NOMINAL FORMS
Indicative	(būt) jāskumst		Infinitive (nenoteiksme)		skumt
Conjunctive 1	esot jāskumst		Negative Infinitive		neskumt
Conjunctive 2	jāskumstot		Verbal noun		skumšana

Synonyms

Derived terms

prefixed verbs:

Related terms

References

^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “skumt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎^[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

Swedish

Adjective

skumt

indefinite neuter singular of skum

[1] Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “skumt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎^[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

[1]