Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kepelek

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From *kepeli (“butterfly”) +‎ *-ak (“diminutive suffix”). The rounding in some of the descendants is due to the neighboring labial /p/. Some of the descendants also exhibit metathesis to *kelepek. Eren (1999) suggests that this word is an onomatopoeic in origin.

Clauson suggets a loanword, but does not give a source language, pointing that it is only present in Oghuz, Karluk and Kipchak branches.

Compared to Proto-Mongolic *kibe (“moth”) (Mongolian хив (xiv, “moth”)) and Japanese コオロギ (kōrogi, “cricket”) by Altaicists, although such comparisons are deemed as unscientific by the consensus.

Noun

*kepelek

(Common Turkic) butterfly

Declension

Declension of *kepelek

	Singular ³⁾
Nominative	*kepelek
Accusative	kepelekig, kepelekni¹⁾
Genitive	*kepelekniŋ
Dative	*kepelekke
Locative	*kepelekde
Ablative	*kepelekden
Allative	*kepelekgerü
Instrumental ²⁾	*kepelekin
Equative ²⁾	*kepelekče
Similative ²⁾	*kepelekleyü
Comitative ²⁾	*kepelekligü

¹⁾ Originally only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

Common Turkic: *kepeli, *kepelek, *kelepek

Oghuz:
- West Oghuz:
  - Old Anatolian Turkish: كلابك (gäläbäk)
    - Azerbaijani: kəpənək
    - Ottoman Turkish: كلبك (kelebek)
      - Turkish: kelebek
- East Oghuz:
  - Turkmen: kebelek (کبلاک)
Karluk
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (kepēlī)
  - Uzbek: kapalak
  - Uyghur: كېپىنەك (këpinek)
Kipchak:
- Cuman: [script needed] (köbelek)
- North Kipchak
  - Bashkir: күбәләк (kübələk)
  - Tatar: күбәләк (kübäläk)
- South Kipchak
  - Kazakh: көбелек (köbelek)
- West Kipchak
  - Kumyk: гёбелек (göbelek)
- East Kipchak
  - Kyrgyz: көпөлөк (köpölök)
  - Southern Altai: кӧбӧлӧк (köbölök)
Siberian:
- South Siberian
  - Yenisei:
    - Shor: қонақ (qonaq)
  - Northern Altai: кӧбӧлек (köbölek), кӧвӧлӧк (kövölök)

References

al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 448
Clauson, Gerard (1972) “kepe:li:”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 689
Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (1997) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume V, Moscow: Jazyki russkoj kulʹtury, page 29
^{The template Template:R:tr:Eren does not use the parameter(s): entry=kelebek
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}Eren, Hasan (1999) “Proto-Turkic/kepelek”, in Türk Dilinin Etimolojik Sözlüğü [Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language] (in Turkish), Ankara: Bizim Büro Basım Evi, page 227
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kelebek”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 291
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*kepelek”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Tenišev E. R., editor (1984–2006), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages:] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, page 187

Animals in Turkic
Dog	dog: *ï̄t	Hunting Dog	hunting dog: *eker	Hen	hen: *tiakïgu
Lark	lark: *torgay	Pigeon	dove, pigeon: *kȫkerčin	Quail	quail: *bïldurčïn
Sparrow	sparrow: *serče	Hawk	hawk, falcon: *kïrguy	Goose	goose: *kāŕ
Wolf	wolf: *bȫrü	Cow	cow: *ingek	Calf	calf: *buŕagu
Camel	camel: *tebe	Young Camel	young of camel: kȫĺek, botu	Horse	horse: *at
Foal	foal: *kulun	Worm	worm: *kūrt	Snake	snake: *yï̄lan
Fox	fox: *tilkü	goat	goat: *keči	He-goat	he-goat: *teke
Lion	lion: *arsïlan	Fish	fish: *bālïk	Abramis brama	carp bream: *čapak
Donkey	donkey: *eĺčgek	Carp	carp: *siāŕgan	Catfish	catfish: *yāyïn
Beaver	beaver: *kunduŕ	Hedgehog	hedgehog: *kirpi	Badger	badger: *borsmuk
Fly	fly, mosquito: *siŋek	Bee	wasp, bee: *ārï	Gadlfy	gadfly: *bȫgen
Moth	moth: *küńe	Louse	louse: *bït	Earthworm	earthworm: *sïbuĺgan
Yak	yak: *kotuz	Colt	colt: *sïp	Dragon	dragon: *siāŕgan
Worm	worm: *kūrt	Deer	deer: keyik, sïgun, bulan, bugu	Lizard	lizard: *keleŕ