-ese
English
editEtymology
editFrom Middle English -eys, from Old French -eis, from Latin -ēnsis and, less often, Late Latin -iscus. Generally used in place of more common equivalent suffixes such as -er and -an on the model of equivalent terms in Italian and Portuguese, particularly for Italian, Portuguese African, and East Asian places first widely discussed in Portuguese and Latin.
Pronunciation
editSuffix
edit-ese
- Used to form adjectives and nouns describing things and characteristics of a city, region, or country, such as the people and the language spoken by these people.
- Used to form nouns meaning the jargon or language used by a particular profession or being or in a particular context.
- Synonym: -speak
- journal + -ese → journalese
- legal + -ese → legalese
- translation + -ese → translationese
Usage notes
editGenerally speaking, nouns formed with the suffix -ese have no distinct plural form (e.g. two Viennese) and, with the definite article, are plural in itself and refer to an entire group (e.g. the Ravennese). They are also generally not used in the singular, as in "I am a Chinese"; instead, phrases like "I am a Chinese person" are used, where "Chinese" is an adjective. (In some British dialects, "a Chinese" can be used, but to refer to an ellipsis of Chinese meal, rather than a person.) This is not always the case, particularly for (non-native) English speakers from East Asia who use it to translate demonyms such as 日本人 and 中国人, but such countable uses may have nonstandard meanings. See also -ish, which "I am an English" is similarly considered improper.
Derived terms
edit- Algherese
- Ambonese
- Andamanese
- Annamese
- Annobonese
- Aragonese
- Assamese
- Auvergnese
- Balinese
- Beninese
- Berlinese
- Bhutanese
- Brooklynese
- Burmese
- Canarese
- Cantonese
- Chinese
- Congolese
- Dublinese
- East Timorese
- Faroese
- Gabonese
- Genoese
- Gilbertese
- Guyanese
- Hainanese
- Hoisanese
- Japanese
- Javanese
- Katangese
- Kinmenese
- Lebanese
- Maltese
- Marshallese
- Milanese
- Nepalese
- Nipponese
- Parmese
- Pekingese
- Piedmontese
- Pitcairnese
- Pittsburghese
- Portuguese
- Reunionese
- Runyonese
- Rwandese
- Senegalese
- Sentinelese
- Shanghainese
- Siamese
- Sikkimese
- Sudanese
- Sundanese
- Surinamese
- Taishanese
- Taiwanese
- Timese
- Togolese
- Toisanese
- Viennese
- Vietnamese
- Xinjiangese
- academese
- Americanese
- bureaucratese
- Christianese
- corporatese
- diplomatese
- fatherese
- headlinese
- Hollywoodese
- idiotese
- initialese
- journalese
- lawyerese
- legalese
- managementese
- marketese
- medicalese
- mentalese
- motherese
- newspaperese
- officialese
- parentese
- patentese
- psychologese
- signalese
- tabloidese
- teacherese
- telegraphese
- textese
- translatese
- translationese
- translatorese
- typoese
- Voynichese
Translations
editNote: these translations are a guide only. For more precise translations, see individual words ending in -ese.
|
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ See e.g.
“Annamese”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present. / “Annamese”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present. / “Annamese”, in Collins English Dictionary. / “Annamese”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.,
“Chinese”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present. / “Chinese”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present. / “Chinese”, in Collins English Dictionary. / “Chinese”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.,
“legalese”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present. / “legalese”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.,
“Viennese”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present. / “Viennese”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present. / “Viennese”, in Collins English Dictionary. / “Viennese”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC., etc.
Anagrams
editGerman
editEtymology
editPresumably from Italian -ese, Portuguese -ese and English -ese + -e.
Pronunciation
editSuffix
edit-ese m (weak, genitive -esen, plural -esen, feminine -esin)
- Forms nouns indicating an inhabitant of a place.
Usage notes
editAs in English, -ese is generally only used to form words on the model of Italian and Portuguese terms, with particular use in Italy, Portuguese Africa, and East Asia. Unlike English, the German terms only function as demonyms that can easily be discussed in the singular and many such terms are now obsolete, having been replaced by equivalents using -er.
Declension
editDerived terms
editInterlingua
editEtymology
editBorrowed from English -an, French -ain, Italian -ano, Portuguese -ano/Spanish -ano, all ultimately from Latin -ānus.
Pronunciation
editSuffix
edit1=n 2=aPlease see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
-ese
- forms nouns and adjectives from nouns, denoting or pertaining to a native, citizen or inhabitant; -ese
- forms nouns and adjectives from nouns, denoting or pertaining to a language; -ese
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- Alexander Gode, Hugh E. Blair (1955) Interlingua: A Grammar of the International Language, →ISBN
Italian
editEtymology
editInherited from Latin -ēnsem (“originating in”), whence also Italian -ense.
Pronunciation
editSuffix
edit-ese m
- -ese (both senses); -er
- Libano (“Lebanon”) + -ese → libanese (“Lebanese”)
- Cina (“China”) + -ese → cinese (“Chinese”)
- sinistra (“left”) + -ese → sinistrese (“left-wing political jargon”)
- giornalista (“journalist”) + -ese → giornalistese (“journalese”)
Derived terms
editRelated terms
edit- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms derived from Old French
- English terms derived from Latin
- English terms derived from Late Latin
- English terms derived from Italian
- English terms derived from Portuguese
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English lemmas
- English suffixes
- German terms borrowed from Italian
- German terms derived from Italian
- German terms borrowed from Portuguese
- German terms derived from Portuguese
- German terms borrowed from English
- German terms derived from English
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- German lemmas
- German suffixes
- German noun-forming suffixes
- German weak suffixes
- German masculine suffixes
- Interlingua terms borrowed from English
- Interlingua terms derived from English
- Interlingua terms borrowed from French
- Interlingua terms derived from French
- Interlingua terms borrowed from Italian
- Interlingua terms derived from Italian
- Interlingua terms borrowed from Portuguese
- Interlingua terms derived from Portuguese
- Interlingua terms borrowed from Spanish
- Interlingua terms derived from Spanish
- Interlingua terms derived from Latin
- Interlingua terms with IPA pronunciation
- Interlingua lemmas
- Interlingua suffixes
- Italian terms inherited from Latin
- Italian terms derived from Latin
- Italian doublets
- Italian 2-syllable words
- Italian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Italian/eze
- Rhymes:Italian/eze/2 syllables
- Rhymes:Italian/ese
- Rhymes:Italian/ese/2 syllables
- Italian lemmas
- Italian suffixes
- Italian masculine suffixes