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==Career==
Ho has been engaged in [[HIV/AIDS research]] since the beginning of the [[AIDS pandemic|pandemic]], initially focusing on clinical [[virology]] and select topics in HIV pathogenesis, including [[HIV drug resistance]]. Before [[XI International AIDS Conference, 1996|1996]], [[AZT#Viral resistance|AZT]]<ref name="NEJM19950817">{{Cite journal| title = Time to Hit HIV, Early and Hard| journal = [[New England Journal of Medicine]]| volume = 333| issue = 7| pages = 450-451| date= 1995-08-17| doi = 10.1056/NEJM199508173330710| pmid = 7616996| last1 = Ho| first1 = David| access-date=2023-01-29| url=https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejm199508173330710| url-access= limited| url-status=live| quote=... zidovudine was shown in 1990 to slow the clinical progression to AIDS in infected but asymptomatic subjects. However, a follow-up of those subjects found no evidence of longer survival with the use of zidovudine...| archive-date=2011-03-25| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110325120523/https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejm199508173330710}}</ref> and other early 1990s [[antiretroviral]] medication were prescribed in [[monotherapy|single therapy]], which still did not prevent [[Signs_and_symptoms_of_HIV/AIDS#AIDS|progression to fatal full-blown AIDS]].<ref name="NEJM19950817"/><ref name="FrontlinePBS2006">{{Cite web| url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/aids/interviews/ho.html| title = Interviews - David Ho - The Age Of Aids - Frontline| url-status=live| series= [[Frontline (American TV program)|Frontline]]| publisher=[[PBS]]| quote=... it's inevitable for HIV to develop drug resistance if you give it one drug at a time. However, if you start to combine the drugs and try to force the virus into a corner using multiple drugs, it is exceedingly difficult or statistically improbable for HIV to become resistant to all the drugs simultaneously. That for us formed the foundation of thinking about combination therapy...response with combination therapy was rather dramatic...we see some deathly ill patients totally recover after two to three weeks of good therapy...people got out of their deathbed after a few weeks of therapy. | date=2006-05-30| access-date=2023-01-29| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070307045642/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/aids/interviews/ho.html| archive-date=2007-03-07}}</ref> In the mid 1990s, his research team conducted a series of elegant human studies to elucidate the dynamics of HIV replication in vivo.<ref name=":0" /> This knowledge, in turn, formed the foundation for their pioneering effort to treat HIV "early and [[Combination therapy|hard]]"<ref name="NEJM19950817"/> and in demonstrating for the first time the durable control of HIV replication in patients receiving [[Triple Cocktail|combination antiretroviral therapy]]. This was the turning point in the epidemic that an automatic death sentence was transformed into a [[Chronic disease|manageable disease]].<ref name="FrontlinePBS2006"/><ref name=":0" />
For the past decade and a half, Ho has shifted his research focus to developing strategies to prevent HIV transmission. A protective vaccine against HIV remains elusive despite concerted research efforts. However, Ho has been leading non-vaccine approaches to block HIV transmission that have shown considerable promise. His group was the first to demonstrate protective efficacy of a long-acting antiretroviral drug as pre-exposure prophylaxis in [[rhesus macaques]]. In fact, one such agent, [[cabotegravir]], has recently completed Phase-3 efficacy trials in high-risk populations, in collaboration with [[GlaxoSmithKline]]. In parallel, Ho's group has also engineered exquisitely potent antibodies that neutralize divergent strains of HIV. The most promising neutralizing agent is a [[bispecific monoclonal antibody]] that entered a first-in-human clinical trial in 2019 with the support of the [[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]]. The Ho Lab is funded by two NIH grants to pursue the use of engineered antibodies to purge the viral latent reservoir as a part of the international HIV cure effort. Currently, the Ho lab is funded by the [[Jack Ma]] Foundation to work on coronavirus projects.
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==Honors and titles==
Ho was [[Time (magazine)|''Time'' magazine]]'s 1996 [[Time Magazine Person of the Year|Man of the Year]]. ''Time'' later recalled the selection surprised both Ho and readers<ref name="Time">Time, ''Person of the Year: 75th Anniversary Celebration'', Special Collector's Edition, Time Books, 2002, p. 108.</ref> The magazine acknowledged in 1996 that "Ho is not, to be sure, a household name. But some people make headlines while others make history."<ref name="Time"/> As of 2020, Ho is the last person to be selected as Person of the Year in a U.S. presidential election year without winning that year's U.S. presidential election. In 1998, he received the Golden Plate Award of the [[Academy of Achievement|American Academy of Achievement]].<ref>{{cite web|title= Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement |website=www.achievement.org|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]|url=https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#science-exploration}}</ref> Ho was even briefly mentioned when [[Alexander Fleming]] was considered for Person of the Century in 1999, since Fleming could be portrayed as representative of other disease-fighting scientists including Ho,<ref>''Time Millennium'', Collector's Edition, Time Inc. Specials, p. 21.</ref> but the title ultimately went to [[Albert Einstein]].▼
Ho has received numerous honors and awards for his scientific accomplishments. He is the recipient of 14 honorary doctorates, including those from [[Columbia University]] and [[Tsinghua University]]. On January 8, 2001, he was presented with the [[Presidential Citizens Medal]] by President [[William Clinton|Clinton]].<ref>Mo, Steven (June 13, 2011). [http://www.asianscientist.com/features/aids-research-pioneer-david-ho-da-i/ "AIDS Research Pioneer, David Hoe, Talks To Asian Scientist Magazine"]. Asian Scientist.</ref>▼
Ho was the chosen commencement speaker at [[Caltech]],<ref> [https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/science-candle-hope-be-theme-david-hos-caltech-commencement-address-189 “Science as a Candle of Hope"] David Ho Caltech Commencement Address in 1997</ref> [[MIT]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.mit.edu/1998/ho|title=AIDS researcher David Ho to be MIT commencement speaker|website=MIT News}}</ref> and [[Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health]] in 2000.
▲Ho has received numerous honors and awards for his scientific accomplishments
On December 6, 2006, [[Governor of California|California governor]] [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]] and First Lady [[Maria Shriver]] inducted Ho into the [[California Hall of Fame]] located at [[The California Museum for History, Women, and the Arts]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.californiamuseum.org/california-hall-fame|title=California Hall of Fame - California Museum|website=www.californiamuseum.org|access-date=14 November 2017}}</ref>
Ho was awarded the Distinguished Alumni Award by [[California Institute of Technology]] in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.alumni.caltech.edu/daa|title=Distinguished Alumni|website=Caltech Alumni Association}}</ref> Ho received the Portrait of a Nation Prize at the National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution in 2017.<ref> National Portrait Gallery [https://npg.si.edu/blog/portrait-nation-prize-recipient-dr-david-ho “Portray of a Nation Prize Recipient: Dr. David Ho "] Smithsonian 2017</ref>
Other accolades include the [[Ernst Jung Prize]] in Medicine,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Jung_Prize&oldid=935905378|title=Ernst Jung Prize|date=January 15, 2020|via=Wikipedia}}</ref> [[Mayor's Award for Excellence in Science and Technology|Mayor's Award for Excellence in Science & Technology]], the Squibb Award,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.architectsofpeace.org/architects-of-peace/david-ho|title=:: David Ho | Architect of Peace|website=www.architectsofpeace.org}}</ref> and the Hoechst Marion Roussel Award.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vet.osu.edu/retrovirus-research/2014-distinguished-research-career-award|title=2014 Distinguished Research Career Award | College of Veterinary Medicine|website=vet.osu.edu}}</ref>
Ho
He is the recipient of 14 honorary doctorates, including those from [[Columbia University]] and [[Tsinghua University]].
▲Ho was [[Time (magazine)|''Time'' magazine]]'s 1996 [[Time Magazine Person of the Year|Man of the Year]]. ''Time'' later recalled the selection surprised both Ho and readers<ref name="Time">Time, ''Person of the Year: 75th Anniversary Celebration'', Special Collector's Edition, Time Books, 2002, p. 108.</ref> The magazine acknowledged in 1996 that "Ho is not, to be sure, a household name. But some people make headlines while others make history."<ref name="Time"/> As of 2020, Ho is the last person to be selected as Person of the Year in a U.S. presidential election year without winning that year's U.S. presidential election. In 1998, he received the Golden Plate Award of the [[Academy of Achievement|American Academy of Achievement]].<ref>{{cite web|title= Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement |website=www.achievement.org|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]|url=https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#science-exploration}}</ref> Ho was even briefly mentioned when [[Alexander Fleming]] was considered for Person of the Century in 1999, since Fleming could be portrayed as representative of other disease-fighting scientists including Ho,<ref>''Time Millennium'', Collector's Edition, Time Inc. Specials, p. 21.</ref> but the title ultimately went to [[Albert Einstein]].
He is also a member of the [[Chinese Academy of Engineering]].<ref name=":0" /> Ho is an honorary professor at [[Peking Union Medical College]], [[Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences]], [[Chinese Academy of Sciences]], [[University of Hong Kong]], [[Wuhan University]], and [[Fudan University]] in [[China]].
Ho was recognized by the Kingdom of Thailand with the [[Prince Mahidol Award]] in Medicine.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.princemahidolaward.org/the-announcement-for-the-prince-mahidol-award-2013/|title=The Announcement for the Prince Mahidol Award 2013|date=November 21, 2013|website=Prince Mahidol Award Foundation}}</ref>
▲On December 6, 2006, [[Governor of California|California governor]] [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]] and First Lady [[Maria Shriver]] inducted Ho into the [[California Hall of Fame]] located at [[The California Museum for History, Women, and the Arts]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.californiamuseum.org/california-hall-fame|title=California Hall of Fame - California Museum|website=www.californiamuseum.org|access-date=14 November 2017}}</ref> Ho was awarded Distinguished Alumni Award at California Institute of Technology in 2015. Ho received the Portrait of a Nation Prize at the National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution.<ref> National Portrait Gallery [https://npg.si.edu/blog/portrait-nation-prize-recipient-dr-david-ho “Portray of a Nation Prize Recipient: Dr. David Ho "] Smithsonian 2017</ref>
==Personal life==
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