Sinap Castle is a medieval Armenian fortification in Çamlıyayla ilçe (district) of Mersin Province in southern Turkey.

Sinap Castle
Çamlıyayla, Mersin Province, Turkey
Sinap Castle is located in Turkey
Sinap Castle
Sinap Castle
Coordinates37°11′21″N 34°36′42″E / 37.18917°N 34.61167°E / 37.18917; 34.61167
TypeFortress
Height1,240 m (4,070 ft)
Site information
Open to
the public
Yes
ConditionOuter walls still standing.
Site history
Materialsstone
DemolishedInterior

Geography

edit

The castle is in the Toros Mountains at 37°11′21″N 34°36′42″E / 37.18917°N 34.61167°E / 37.18917; 34.61167. It is situated to the northeast of Çamlıyayla and to the north of Mersin. The distance to Çamlıyayla is 5 km (3.1 mi) and to Mersin is 93 km (58 mi). The 2 km (1.2 mi) stabilized road to the castle diverges from the Mersin-Çamlıyayla highway.[1] Its altitude is 1,240 m (4,070 ft). But it is not particularly high with respect to immediate surroundings.

History

edit

The castle functioned as both a fortified estate house and a guardian along the strategic route between the Het‛umid castle at Lampron (Namrun Kalesi) and the Cilician Gates.[2] It was one of the many dozens of fortifications within the medieval Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia. The fort of Sinap is located approximately six kilometers northeast of Lampron on the gentle slope of a partially forested agricultural valley. The name Sinap means "corner" in old Turkish.

Building

edit

This three-story high structure has a simple rectangular plan with solid cylindrical towers at each corner. It was built between the 12th and 14th centuries with the typical rusticated ashlar masonry of the Armenians.[2] The lower floor, which is covered by a partially collapsed pointed vault, has no openings except for one door in the west wall. A now missing staircase once led to the second level which also has a partially preserved vault. Its walls are opened by nine beautifully designed casemates with embrasured loopholes, two windows, and an apse (?) in the east wall. The third level, which undoubtedly had fighting platforms (perhaps with merlons), is destroyed. The fortification was surveyed in 1979.[3]

edit

References

edit
  1. ^ Çamlıyayla page (in Turkish)
  2. ^ a b Edwards, Robert W. (1987). The Fortifications of Armenian Cilicia: Dumbarton Oaks Studies XXIII. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University. pp. 231–233, 285, pls.206a-210b. ISBN 0-88402-163-7.
  3. ^ Photographs and a plan of Sinap Castle [1]