PCJJ (later known as PCJ) was a pioneering shortwave radio station in the Netherlands operated by Philips Radio on behalf of Philips Laboratories, a division of Philips Electronics. It was the first shortwave radio station in Europe,[1] and the first dedicated shortwave radio station in the world - previous stations had simulcast AM/medium wave broadcasts.[2]
| Type | International broadcaster |
|---|---|
| Country | |
| Availability | International |
| Owner | Philips Laboratories |
Key people | Edward Startz |
Launch date | 11 March 1927 |
| Dissolved | 15 April 1947 (nationalised, assets transferred to Radio Netherlands Worldwide) |
History
editThe station officially went on the air on 11 March 1927, broadcasting on 9.93 MHz in a transmission to the Dutch East Indies with the words, "Hello Dutch East Indies, this is PCJJ, the shortwave transmitter of Philips Laboratories in Eindhoven."[3] PCJJ was soon broadcasting in English, Spanish, German and Dutch to a worldwide audience. The station was founded as part of Philips' international marketing campaign to encourage the sale of radio receivers.[4]
On 30 May and 1 June 1927, Queen Wilhelmina and Crown Princess Juliana spoke over PCJJ to their colonial subjects in the Dutch East and West Indies.[5]
PCJJ was likely the first shortwave radio station in the world to provide distinct programming rather than a simulcast of domestic stations.
The multilingual Edward "Eddy" Startz joined PCJJ in 1928 and became its best known announcer. He created the light entertainment Happy Station show which became the world's longest running shortwave program and informally rechristened the station name PCJ for Peace, Cheer and Joy.[6]
In July 1927, Philips established PHOHI (Philips Omroep Holland-Indië or Philips Holland-India Broadcasting Station). The new venture originally shared PCJJ's transmitter until December 1928 when PCJJ's sister transmitter PHI was completed for PHOHI programming. PHI broadcast in Dutch to the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) and the Dutch West Indies (now the Netherlands Antilles), with its main aim being to provide programming for white Dutch settlers and expatriates,[4] while PCJJ now broadcast in English, Spanish and German to Europe and the rest of the world.[6][7] In 1929, PCJJ was renamed PCJ.[8] Beginning in February 1929, PCJ broadcast experimental radio programmes on behalf of the League of Nations using the call letters PCLL.[8] The shows were produced in Geneva and sent to PCJ via landline. The service was known as "Radio Nations" and its broadcasts via PCJ continued until the League of Nations' own transmitters, HBL and HBP were inaugurated in 1932.[9]
PHI ceased broadcasting in 1930 due to the government's new regulations regarding Dutch language broadcasting, although PCJ continued to air. PHI was able to resume broadcasting in 1934 and would broadcast Dutch as well as English programming to the Eastern Hemisphere which PCJ broadcast to the Western Hemisphere.[6]
In 1937, the transmitters were relocated to Huizen with studios in nearby Hilversum. The transmitter complex comprised 24 antennas on 65-metre-high (213 ft) wooden antenna towers weighing 18 tons each, which were built on concentric rails to allow them to be rotated so that they could be aimed in any direction. Reception would equal that of a 2000 kilowatt station.[6]
Broadcasts from the Netherlands were interrupted by the German invasion in May 1940. PCJ broadcast the events of the invasion for four days until Eddy Startz was arrested. The staff of PCJ tried to destroy the Huizen transmitters, but they were repaired by the Germans used for black propaganda to India under the name ”The Voice of Free India”.[7] Transmissions from the occupied facility were also heard as far away as Australia using the call sign DXL15.[10]
PCJ resumed broadcasting in October 1945, as a result of the liberation of the Netherlands. The two shortwave stations were nationalised and became Radio Netherlands Worldwide, the Dutch International Service on 15 April 1947 though PCJ programs such as Happy Station continued on the new station and the PCJ call letters were kept by Radio Netherlands for several years.[11]
The Taiwan-based PCJ Radio International, which produced a revived Happy Station show from 2009 to 2020, took its name from the original PCJ.
References
edit- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-11-06. Retrieved 2013-06-29.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Berg, Jerome S. (2013-08-27). The Early Shortwave Stations: A Broadcasting History Through 1945. McFarland. ISBN 9780786474110.
- ^ Broadcasting in the Malay world: radio, television, and video in Brunei By Drew O. McDaniel
- ^ a b Simon J. Potter, David Clayton, Friederike Kind-Kovacs, Vincent Kuitenbrouwer, Nelson Ribeiro, Rebecca Scales, Andrea Stanton (15 September 2022). The Wireless World: Global Histories of International Radio Broadcasting. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. pp. 194–200. ISBN 9780191955426. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Philips Museum Archived 2010-11-28 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b c d Radio Netherlands: ‘Happy Station’ history transcript
- ^ a b "50 Years Shortwave In Holland : klankbeeld 1977-04-15 / 1977-03-30" Archived 2012-03-14 at the Wayback Machine, RNW
- ^ a b Berg, Jerome S. (2013-08-27). The Early Shortwave Stations: A Broadcasting History Through 1945. McFarland. ISBN 9780786474110.
- ^ "Wavescan 455".
- ^ "Wavescan 352".
- ^ Radio Nederland Wereldomroep International Program Service Summer Schedule, 1948 Archived 2011-08-24 at the Wayback Machine
External links
edit- Radio Without Borders Archived 2021-01-28 at the Wayback Machine history of PCJ and PHOI