MX1

Interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MX1 gene.

MX1
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 3LJB, 3SZR, 3ZYS, 4P4S, 4P4T, 4P4U
Identifiers
Aliases	MX1, IFI-78K, IFI78, MX, MxA, MX dynamin like GTPase 1, lncMX1-215
External IDs	OMIM: 147150; MGI: 97244; HomoloGene: 1844; GeneCards: MX1; OMA:MX1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 21 (human) Band 21q22.3 Start 41,420,020 bp End 41,470,071 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 16 (mouse) Band 16 C4|16 57.51 cM Start 97,336,508 bp End 97,362,100 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in trigeminal ganglion spinal ganglia nasal epithelium palpebral conjunctiva monocyte decidua olfactory zone of nasal mucosa granulocyte spleen human penis Top expressed in embryo surface ectoderm duodenum thymus choroid plexus of fourth ventricle yolk sac muscle of thigh liver islet of Langerhans perirhinal cortex More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function nucleotide binding GTP binding protein binding GTPase activity microtubule binding identical protein binding Cellular component cytoplasm cytosol nuclear membrane endoplasmic reticulum membrane membrane endoplasmic reticulum perinuclear region of cytoplasm nucleus mitochondrial membranes Biological process defense response immune system process response to virus type I interferon signaling pathway innate immune response signal transduction apoptotic process response to type I interferon negative regulation of viral genome replication mitochondrial fission dynamin family protein polymerization involved in mitochondrial fission membrane fusion defense response to virus Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 4599 17858 Ensembl ENSG00000157601 ENSMUSG00000023341 UniProt P20591 Q9WVP9 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001144925 NM_001178046 NM_001282920 NM_002462 NM_013606 RefSeq (protein) NP_001138397 NP_001171517 NP_001269849 NP_002453 NP_038634 Location (UCSC) Chr 21: 41.42 – 41.47 Mb Chr 16: 97.34 – 97.36 Mb PubMed search
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

In mice, the interferon-inducible Mx protein is responsible for a specific antiviral state against influenza virus infection. Furthermore, the human orthologue MxA is a major determinant for influenza viruses of animal origin. The protein encoded by this gene is similar to the mouse protein as determined by its antigenic relatedness, induction conditions, physicochemical properties, and amino acid analysis. This cytoplasmic protein is a member of both the dynamin superfamily and the family of large GTPases.

Further reading

• Pavlovic J, Haller O, Staeheli P (1992). "Human and mouse Mx proteins inhibit different steps of the influenza virus multiplication cycle". J. Virol. 66 (4): 2564–9. doi:10.1128/JVI.66.4.2564-2569.1992. PMC 289059. PMID 1548781.
• Horisberger MA (1992). "Interferon-induced human protein MxA is a GTPase which binds transiently to cellular proteins". J. Virol. 66 (8): 4705–9. doi:10.1128/JVI.66.8.4705-4709.1992. PMC 241296. PMID 1629950.
• Petersen MB, Slaugenhaupt SA, Lewis JG, et al. (1991). "A genetic linkage map of 27 markers on human chromosome 21". Genomics. 9 (3): 407–19. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(91)90406-5. PMID 1674496.
• Horisberger MA, McMaster GK, Zeller H, et al. (1990). "Cloning and sequence analyses of cDNAs for interferon- and virus-induced human Mx proteins reveal that they contain putative guanine nucleotide-binding sites: functional study of the corresponding gene promoter". J. Virol. 64 (3): 1171–81. doi:10.1128/JVI.64.3.1171-1181.1990. PMC 249231. PMID 2154602.
• Pavlovic J, Zürcher T, Haller O, Staeheli P (1990). "Resistance to influenza virus and vesicular stomatitis virus conferred by expression of human MxA protein". J. Virol. 64 (7): 3370–5. doi:10.1128/JVI.64.7.3370-3375.1990. PMC 249583. PMID 2161946.
• Aebi M, Fäh J, Hurt N, et al. (1990). "cDNA structures and regulation of two interferon-induced human Mx proteins". Mol. Cell. Biol. 9 (11): 5062–72. doi:10.1128/mcb.9.11.5062. PMC 363658. PMID 2481229.
• Weitz G, Bekisz J, Zoon K, Arnheiter H (1990). "Purification and characterization of a human Mx protein". J. Interferon Res. 9 (6): 679–89. doi:10.1089/jir.1989.9.679. PMID 2607176.
• Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
• Melén K, Keskinen P, Ronni T, et al. (1996). "Human MxB protein, an interferon-alpha-inducible GTPase, contains a nuclear targeting signal and is localized in the heterochromatin region beneath the nuclear envelope". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (38): 23478–86. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.38.23478. PMID 8798556.
• Ponten A, Sick C, Weeber M, et al. (1997). "Dominant-negative mutants of human MxA protein: domains in the carboxy-terminal moiety are important for oligomerization and antiviral activity". J. Virol. 71 (4): 2591–9. doi:10.1128/JVI.71.4.2591-2599.1997. PMC 191379. PMID 9060610.
• Fernández M, Quiroga JA, Martín J, et al. (1997). "Impaired interferon induction of human MxA protein in chronic hepatitis B virus infection". J. Med. Virol. 51 (4): 332–7. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-9071(199704)51:4<332::AID-JMV12>3.0.CO;2-K. PMID 9093949. S2CID 12578068.
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
• Li Y, Youssoufian H (1998). "MxA overexpression reveals a common genetic link in four Fanconi anemia complementation groups". J. Clin. Invest. 100 (11): 2873–80. doi:10.1172/JCI119836. PMC 508494. PMID 9389754.
• Kochs G, Trost M, Janzen C, Haller O (1998). "MxA GTPase: oligomerization and GTP-dependent interaction with viral RNP target structures". Methods. 15 (3): 255–63. doi:10.1006/meth.1998.0629. PMID 9735310.
• Weber F, Haller O, Kochs G (2000). "MxA GTPase blocks reporter gene expression of reconstituted Thogoto virus ribonucleoprotein complexes". J. Virol. 74 (1): 560–3. doi:10.1128/JVI.74.1.560-563.2000. PMC 111572. PMID 10590150.
• Hattori M, Fujiyama A, Taylor TD, et al. (2000). "The DNA sequence of human chromosome 21". Nature. 405 (6784): 311–9. Bibcode:2000Natur.405..311H. doi:10.1038/35012518. PMID 10830953.
• Hijikata M, Ohta Y, Mishiro S (2000). "Identification of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the MxA gene promoter (G/T at nt -88) correlated with the response of hepatitis C patients to interferon". Intervirology. 43 (2): 124–7. doi:10.1159/000025035. PMID 10971132. S2CID 19445539.
• Engelhardt OG, Ullrich E, Kochs G, Haller O (2002). "Interferon-induced antiviral Mx1 GTPase is associated with components of the SUMO-1 system and promyelocytic leukemia protein nuclear bodies". Exp. Cell Res. 271 (2): 286–95. doi:10.1006/excr.2001.5380. PMID 11716541.
• Hijikata M, Mishiro S, Miyamoto C, et al. (2002). "Genetic polymorphism of the MxA gene promoter and interferon responsiveness of hepatitis C patients: revisited by analyzing two SNP sites (-123 and -88) in vivo and in vitro". Intervirology. 44 (6): 379–82. doi:10.1159/000050075. PMID 11805446. S2CID 46752867.
• Kochs G, Haener M, Aebi U, Haller O (2002). "Self-assembly of human MxA GTPase into highly ordered dynamin-like oligomers". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (16): 14172–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.M200244200. PMID 11847228.