This article needs to be updated.(June 2014) |
This is a list of hybrid vehicles. A hybrid could theoretically have any two power sources, but hybrid vehicles have typically combined an internal combustion engine with a battery and electric motor(s).
This list includes both regular hybrid electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids, in chronological order of first production. Since Porsche made the first hybrid car in 1899 there have been a number of hybrid vehicles; but there was a marked increase in interest in, and development of, hybrid vehicles for personal transport in the late 1990s.
Automobiles
editOverview by decade
editYear | Company | Name | Type | Comments | MPG |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-1950 | |||||
1899 | Jacob Lohner & Co. | Automobile | |||
1900 | Pieper of Belgium | Automobile | |||
1901 | Jacob Lohner & Co. | Lohner–Porsche | Automobile | ||
1905 | Fischer Motor Vehicle Co. | Petrol–electric Omnibus | Bus | ||
1906 | Auto-Mixte | Automobile | Pieper patent | ||
1907 | AL (French car) | Automobile | |||
1911 | Tilling-Stevens | TTA1 petrol–electric (in service on Thomas Tilling routes) | Bus | Petrol–electric transmission, but no storage battery and no propulsion except with the petrol engine running | |
1915 | Owen Magnetic | Touring Car | Automobile | The 'Car of a Thousand Speeds' | |
1915 | Woods Motor Vehicle | Dual Power Model 44 | Automobile | ||
1950s | |||||
1951 | Compagnie Normande d'Etudes | Arbel | Automobile | A petrol–electric hybrid powered on the Lohner–Porsche principle. Very few made and most were prototypes. A nuclear power plant was proposed for the 1958 version. | |
1960s | |||||
1969 | Mercedes-Benz | Mercedes-Benz OE 302 | Bus | ||
1969 | General Motors | General Motors XP-883 | Automobile | ||
1970s | |||||
1970 | Lviv Bus Factory | LAZ 360EM | Bus | First and last low floor Soviet city bus with hybrid transmission, this bus was built as a concept bus, and only one example was made. | |
1972 | Towns Microdot | Automobile | |||
1979 | Fiat | Fiat 131 Ibrida[1] | Automobile | Fiat hybrid prototype, 903 cc engine mated to a 24 kW (33 PS; 32 hp) DC | |
1980s | |||||
1980 | Daihatsu Motor Co. | Daihatsu Charmant Hybrid | Automobile | This four-door, four-seater car was part of a series of EV prototypes constructed by Daihatsu in the seventies and eighties. It used a 550 cc two-cylinder engine which charged the batteries, and was augmented by two DC electric motors during acceleration.[2] | |
1986 | Twike | Automobile | The Twike HEHV designed by a group of Swiss students debuted at the 1986 World expo in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It remains in limited production and available in the United States (source: Neiman Marcus Christmas Book 2007, page 89). | ||
1986 | Honda | Gaselle | Automobile | The Goldwing engine-based Gaselle hybrid gas/electric prototype built by Sarabjit Gandhi drove 8050 km in 16 days as part of the World Energy Autocross. | |
1988 | Alfa Romeo | 33 Ibrida[3][4] | Automobile | ||
1990s | |||||
1991 | Hino | Hino Blue Ribbon HIMR | Bus | ||
1992 | Volvo Cars | Volvo ECC | Automobile | Gas turbine–electric | |
1993 | Mitsubishi | Mitsubishi Fuso Aero Star MBECS, first generation | Bus | ||
1993 | Hino | Model unknown, medium duty, for sale in Japan only. First generation. | Truck | ||
1995 | Fiat | Vanzic[5] | Automobile | Electric motor with the assistance of a thermal energy generator | |
1995 | Nissan | Nissan Diesel UA ERIP | Bus | ||
1996 | Isuzu | Isuzu Cubic CHASSE | Bus | ||
1996 | Gillig Corporation | Gillig Phantom Hybrid | Bus | ||
1997 | Audi | Audi A4 Avant Duo | Automobile | First production Audi Hybrid, third generation of the "Duo" hybrid powertrain, PHEV | |
1997 | Toyota | Toyota Coaster Hybrid EV | Bus | First Japanese series hybrid bus | |
1997 | Toyota | Toyota Prius (Japanese market only) | Automobile | ||
1998 | New Flyer Industries | New Flyer DE40LF (diesel–electric hybrid bus), originally called "H40LF" | Bus | ||
1999 | Honda | Honda Insight | Automobile | ||
1999 | Orion International | Orion VI Hybrid | Bus | ||
2000s | |||||
2000 | Nissan | Tino Hybrid | Automobile | 1.769L QG18DE 74 kW petrol engine and EM29 17 kW electric motor | |
2000 | Fiat | Multipla Hybrid Power[6] | Automobile | Thermal engine and electric motor | |
2000 | Toyota | Toyota Prius (introduced to US market) | Automobile | 1NZ-FXE 4cyl engine, 2001–2003 model | |
2001 | Toyota | Toyota Crown (Japan only) | Automobile | Mild hybrid | |
2001 | Toyota | Toyota Estima (Japan only) | Automobile | ||
2002 | Honda | Honda Civic Hybrid | Automobile | Mild hybrid, 2003 model | |
2002? | Mazda | Mazda Demio e-4WD (Japanese market only) | Automobile | Used the electric motor for traction assistance[7] | |
2002 | Mitsubishi | Mitsubishi Fuso Aero Star Nonstep HEV bus, second generation | Bus | ||
2002 | Nova Bus | Nova Bus RTS HEV bus (4 units built) | Bus | ||
2002 | Motor Coach Industries | MCI D4000 HEV (4 units built) | Bus | ||
2002 | Wrightbus | Wright Electrocity | Bus | ||
2002 | New Flyer Industries | New Flyer DE60LF | Bus | ||
2003 | Hino | Hino Ranger Hybrid, light-duty, for sale in Japan only. Fourth generation | Truck | ||
2003 | Orion International | Orion VII hybrid bus[8] | Bus | ||
2003 | TransBus International | TransBus Enviro200H | Bus | ||
2003 | Suzuki | Suzuki Twin | Automobile | ||
2003 | Toyota | Toyota Alphard hybrid (Japan only) | Automobile | ||
2003 | Toyota | Toyota Prius | Automobile | (5-seat midsize, 2004–2009 model, second generation Hybrid Synergy Drive 1,000,000 sold (as of May 15, 2008)) | 48 mpg (city) 45 mpg (highway) |
2003 | Toyota | Dyna Diesel Hybrid/Toyoace hybrid (commercial truck, Japan only, diesel hybrid) | Automobile | ||
2004 | Chevrolet | Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra Hybrid | Automobile | Mild hybrid, w/no electrical motor for propulsion, electricity only used to power accessories | |
2004 | Ford | Ford Escape Hybrid (2005 model) | SUV | ||
2004 | Honda | Honda Accord Hybrid | Automobile | Mild hybrid, 2005–2007 model, discontinued due to slow sales | 25 mpg (city) 34 mpg (highway) |
2004 | Toyota | Hino Dutro/Toyota Dyna Hybrid, light-duty, for sale in Japan only. Fourth generation | Truck | ||
2004 | New Flyer Industries | New Flyer GE40LF (gasoline–electric hybrid bus) | Bus | ||
2004 | Hino | Hino S'elega R Hybrid | Bus | ||
2004 | Hino | Hino Blue Ribbon City Hybrid | Bus | ||
2004 | Gillig Corporation | Gillig Low Floor Hybrid | Bus | ||
2005 | Honda | Honda Civic Hybrid | Automobile | 2006 model, second generation | 49 mpg (city) 51 mpg (highway) |
2005 | Lexus | Lexus RX 400h | Automobile | 2006 model, 3MZ-FE V6 engine | (AWD) 27 mpg (city) 25 mpg (highway) |
2005 | Toyota | Toyota Highlander/Klueger Hybrid | Automobile | 2006-2007 model, 3MZ-FE V6 engine | 2WD 33 mpg (city) 28 mpg (highway) 4WD 31 mpg (city) 27 mpg (highway) |
2005 | Mercury automobile | Mercury Mariner hybrid | Automobile | Twin of Ford Escape Hybrid (2005 model) | |
2006 | IC Corporation | IC Corporation Hybrid School Bus | Bus | ||
2006 | Nova Bus | Nova Bus LFS HEV | Bus | ||
2006 | Wrightbus | Wright Pulsar Gemini HEV | Bus | ||
2006 | New Flyer Industries | New Flyer DE40LFR | Bus | ||
2006 | Saturn Corporation | Saturn Vue Green Line | Automobile | BAS, mild hybrid, 2007 model | (2WD) 27 mpg (city) 32 mpg (highway) |
2006 | Lexus | Lexus GS 450h | Automobile | 2007 model, 2GR-FSE engine | 25 mpg (city) 28 mpg (highway) |
2006 | Toyota | Toyota Camry Hybrid | Automobile | 2007 model, 2AZ-FXE engine | 40 mpg (city) 38 mpg (highway) |
2006 | Toyota | Toyota Estima hybrid (redesign, minivan, Japan only) | Automobile | It is claimed by Toyota to be the world's first hybrid minibus. | |
2006 | Mitsubishi Fuso Truck & Bus Corporation | Canter Eco Hybrid | Truck | ||
2006 | International FTTS | Truck | |||
2007 | New Flyer Industries | New Flyer DE60LFR | Bus | ||
2007 | Lexus | Lexus LS600hL | Automobile | 2008 model, first V8 full hybrid, 2UR-FSE engine | |
2007 | Nissan | Nissan Altima | Automobile | Licensed Toyota Hybrid Synergy Drive | 42 mpg (city) 36 mpg (highway) |
2007 | Toyota | Toyota Highlander/Kluger Hybrid | Automobile | 2008 vehicle redesign, mostly same 3MZ-FE V6 engine | |
2007 | Hino | Hybrid 6500 Medium, light-duty, available in Australia.[9] | Truck | ||
2007 | E-One | E-ONE[10] Hybrid Command Center | Truck | ||
2007 | Eaton Corporation | Medium-duty hybrid trucks fully commercialized in conjunction with FedEx Express and other partners[11] | Truck | ||
2007 | Ford | Ford Escape Hybrid | SUV | 2008 model year | (2WD) 36 mpg (city)
31 mpg (highway) |
2007 | Mazda | Mazda Tribute Hybrid | SUV | Twin of Ford Escape Hybrid | |
2007 | Mercury automobile | Mercury Mariner Hybrid | SUV | Twin of Ford Escape Hybrid | |
2008 | Alexander Dennis | Alexander Dennis Enviro200H | Bus | ||
2008 | Alexander Dennis | Alexander Dennis Enviro400H | Bus | ||
2008 | Alexander Dennis | Alexander Dennis Enviro500H | Bus | ||
2008 | Beiqi Foton/Eaton Corporation | Beiqi Foton with Eaton Corp. diesel–electric hybrid powertrains[12] | Bus | ||
2008 | Hino | Hino S'elega Hybrid (second generation) | Bus | ||
2008 | New Flyer | Xcelsior XDE40 Hybrid | Bus | ||
2008 | Optare | Optare Tempo | Bus | ||
2008 | Volvo | Volvo B5L Hybrid | Bus | ||
2008 | Wrightbus | Wright Gemini 2 HEV | Bus | ||
2008 | Chevrolet | Chevrolet Malibu | Automobile | BAS, mild hybrid, canceled in 2009 | |
2008 | Buick | Buick Lacrosse Hybrid | Automobile | BAS, mild hybrid, Chinese market only, Twin of Chevrolet Malibu | |
2008 | Cadillac | Cadillac Escalade (2009 model) | SUV | Global Hybrid Cooperation | |
2008 | Chevrolet | Chevrolet Tahoe (2008 model) | SUV | Global Hybrid Cooperation, RWD/AWD | |
2008 | GMC | GMC Yukon Hybrid (2008 model) | SUV | Global Hybrid Cooperation | |
2008 | Chevrolet | Chevrolet Silverado Hybrid (2009 model) | Truck | Global Hybrid Cooperation, first full hybrid full-size pickup | 2WD 18 mpg (city)/21 mpg (highway) 4WD 17 mpg (city)/19 mpg (highway) |
2008 | GMC | GMC Sierra Hybrid (2009 model) | Truck | Global Hybrid Cooperation | 2WD 18 mpg (city)/21 mpg (highway) 4WD 17 mpg (city)/19 mpg (highway) |
2008 | Dodge | Dodge Durango Hybrid (2009 model) | SUV | Global Hybrid Cooperation, 2009 model only, Estimated overall production figures for the Durango and Aspen hybrid is around 800 cars[13] | |
2008 | Chrysler | Chrysler Aspen Hybrid (2009 model) | SUV | Twin of Dodge Durango Hybrid | |
2008 | Saturn Corporation | Saturn Vue Green Line (2008–2010 model) | Automobile | BAS, mild hybrid | |
2008 | Saturn Corporation | Saturn AURA Green Line (2008–2010 model) | Automobile | BAS, mild hybrid | 28 mpg (city)
35 mpg (highway) |
2008 | Toyota | Toyota Crown hybrid | Automobile | Redsign, now a full hybrid, Japanese market | |
2008 | BYD Auto | BYD F3DM Plug-in hybrid, (China market) | Automobile | ||
2008 | Komatsu Limited | Komatsu PC200-8 Hybrid excavator | Excavator | ||
2009 | BMW | BMW X6 ActiveHybrid (US market) | Automobile | Global Hybrid Cooperation, BMW's first full hybrid | |
2009 | Ford | Ford Fusion Hybrid | Automobile | 2010 model year | |
2009 | Lincoln-Mercury | Mercury Milan Hybrid | Automobile | Twin of Ford Fusion Hybrid | |
2009 | Honda | Honda Insight (2010 model year) | Automobile | Second-generation model, now as a 5-door hatchback | |
2009 | Lexus | Lexus RX 450h | Automobile | 2010 model, 2GR-FXE V6 engine, 2nd generation | |
2009 | Lexus | Lexus HS 250h/Toyota Sai | Automobile | 2AZ-FXE engine, similar to Camry hybrid | |
2009 | Mercedes-Benz | Mercedes S400 BlueHybrid | Automobile | Global Hybrid Cooperation, mild hybrid, first lithium-ion battery hybrid and first Mercedes hybrid | |
2009 | Mercedes-Benz | Mercedes ML 450 Hybrid 4MATIC | SUV | Global Hybrid Cooperation | |
2009 | Toyota | Toyota Prius | Automobile | 3rd generation, 2010 model year, 2ZR-FXE I4 engine | 51 mpg (city)
48 mpg (highway) |
2009 | Phoenix Motorcars | Phoenix Motorcars | Automobile | Starts selling plug-in hybrid SUV & Truck in California 2009 (also available all-electric); Assembled in the United States; no projected release date outside California yet | |
2009 | Hyundai Motor Company | Hyundai Elantra LPI Hybrid | Automobile | first hybrid to adopt advanced lithium polymer (Li–Poly) batteries and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as fuel; South Korean market only | |
2010s | |||||
2010 | BMW | BMW ActiveHybrid 7 | Automobile | Mild hybrid, lithium-ion battery | |
2010 | Fiat | Fiat Panda hybrid fuel cell/battery | Automobile | ||
2010 | Honda | Honda CR-Z | Automobile | ||
2010 | Honda | Honda Fit Hybrid[14] | Automobile | Japanese and European market only | |
2010 | Hyundai | Hyundai Sonata Hybrid | Automobile | 2011 model, sales began end of 2010 | |
2010 | Toyota | Toyota Auris Hybrid | Automobile | 2ZR-FXE I4 engine. similar to 3rd gen Prius powertrain | |
2010 | Toyota | Toyota Highlander hybrid | Automobile | revised hybrid powertrain, similar to RX 450h, 2011 model | |
2010 | Lincoln | Lincoln MKZ Hybrid | Automobile | 2011 model, twin of Ford Fusion Hybrid | |
2010 | Porsche | Porsche Cayenne S | Automobile | 2011 model, sales began end of 2010 | |
2010 | Chevrolet | Volt | Automobile | 2011 model, also called Opel Ampera | |
2010 | Alexander Dennis | Alexander Dennis Enviro350H | Bus | ||
2010 | New Flyer | Xcelsior XDE35 Hybrid | Bus | ||
2010 | Optare | Optare Versa | Bus | ||
2010 | Porsche | Porsche 918 Spyder | Automobile | 2014 Model. 4.6L V8 engine + 2 electric motors – 823 bhp (614 kW; 834 PS) | |
2011 | Honda | Honda Civic Hybrid | Automobile | 2011 redesign, 1.5L engine, lithium-ion battery | |
2011 | Kia | Kia Optima Hybrid | Automobile | 2011 model, Twin of Hyundai Sonata Hybrid | |
2011 | Infiniti | Infiniti M35 Hybrid | Automobile | 2011 model | |
2011 | Toyota | Toyota Prius v/Toyota Prius α | Automobile | 2012 model. It will be called Prius + in Europe | |
2011 | Toyota | Toyota Camry Hybrid | Automobile | 2012 model | |
2011 | Volkswagen | VW Touareg Hybrid | SUV | 2012 model | |
2011 | Fisker Automotive | Fisker Karma | Automobile | 2012 model | |
2011 | Toyota | Crown | Automobile | 2012 model, Japanese and Chinese market | |
2011 | Lexus | Lexus CT 200h hybrid | Automobile | similar to Prius powertrain, 2ZR-FXE I4 engine | |
2011 | Peugeot | Peugeot 3008 HYbrid4 | Automobile | The world's first production diesel–electric hybrid | |
2011 | Peugeot | Peugeot 508 RXH | Automobile | diesel–electric hybrid | |
2011 | Citroën | Citroën DS5 HYbrid4 | Automobile | diesel–electric hybrid | |
2011 | Porsche | Panamera S Hybrid | Automobile | 2012 Model | |
2011 | Audi | A8 Hybrid | Automobile | 2012 model | |
2011 | Audi | A6 Hybrid | Automobile | 2012 model | |
2011 | Audi | Q5 Hybrid | SUV | 2012 model | |
2011 | Mercedes-Benz | E 300 Bluetec Hybrid, E 400 Hybrid | Automobile | 2012 - 2016 model years. E 300 Bluetec Hybrid is a diesel–electric hybrid | |
2011 | Toyota | Toyota Prius c/Toyota Aqua | Automobile | Several world markets except Europe, called Aqua in Japan | |
2011 | Chevrolet | Malibu Hybrid | Automobile | 2011 model year, mild hybrid using GM eAssist | |
2012 | Buick | LaCrosse Hybrid | Automobile | 2012 model year, twin of Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid | |
2012 | Buick | Regal | Automobile | 2012 model year, mild hybrid using GM eAssist | |
2012 | Toyota | Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid | Automobile | It is based on the 2012 Prius third generation. Available in Japan, U.S. and Europe | |
2012 | Toyota | Toyota Yaris Hybrid | Automobile | Europe only. Available since June 2012.[15] | |
2012 | Lexus | Lexus ES 300h | Automobile | 2012 model | |
2012 | Lexus | Lexus GS 450h | Automobile | 2012 model | |
2012 | Honda | Acura ILX Hybrid | Automobile | ||
2012 | BYD | Qin plug-in hybrid | Automobile | ||
2012 | BMW | BMW ActiveHybrid 5 | Automobile | 2013 model | |
2012 | BMW | BMW ActiveHybrid 3 | Automobile | 2013 model | |
2012 | Ford | Ford Fusion Hybrid | Automobile | 2013 model | |
2012 | Lincoln | MKZ Hybrid | Automobile | 2013 model, twin of Ford Fusion Hybrid | |
2012 | Ford | Ford C-Max Hybrid | Compact MPV | 2013 model | |
2012 | Ford | Ford C-Max Energi plug-in hybrid | Compact MPV/SUV | 2013 model | |
2012 | Volvo | Volvo V60 Plug-in Hybrid (diesel) | Wagon | Scheduled for November 2012 (Europe only) | |
2012 | Volkswagen | Volkswagen Jetta Hybrid | Automobile | Scheduled for late 2012 as a 2013 model | |
2012 | Toyota | Toyota Avalon Hybrid | Automobile | 2013 model year | |
2012 | New Flyer | Xcelsior XDE60 Hybrid | Bus | ||
2013 | Ford | Ford Fusion Energi plug-in hybrid | Automobile | U.S. sales scheduled to begin by early 2013 | |
2013 | Mitsubishi | Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV | SUV | Sales scheduled to begin in the Japanese market in the first half of 2013 | |
2013 | Honda | Honda Accord Hybrid | Automobile | 2014 model year | |
2013 | Honda | Honda Accord Plug-in Hybrid | Automobile | 2014 model year | |
2013 | Honda | Honda Fit Hybrid | Automobile | 2014 model year, Japanese Market only | |
2013 | Honda | Honda City / Grace Hybrid | Automobile | 2014 model year, Japanese / Malaysian Market only | |
2013 | Honda | Vezel / HR-V hybrid | SUV | Japanese Market only, 2014 model year | |
2013 | Nissan | Pathfinder Hybrid | SUV | 2014 model year, canceled within the same year or the next depending on country | |
2013 | Subaru | Crosstrek Hybrid | SUV | 2014 model year | |
2013 | BMW | BMW i3 REx | Automobile | This is the plug-in hybrid version of all-electric car scheduled for late 2013 | |
2013 | Fisker | Fisker Surf | Production is scheduled for 2013 | ||
2013 | Cadillac | Cadillac ELR plug-in hybrid | Automobile | Scheduled for U.S. market launch by late 2013 as a 2014 model year, Related to Chevy Volt | |
2013 | McLaren | McLaren P1 | Automobile | 3.8L Twin-turbo V8 engine with KERS – 903 bhp (673 kW; 916 PS). Can run on battery alone | |
2013 | Ferrari | LaFerrari | Automobile | 2014 model year. 6.3L V12 engine with KERS – 963 bhp (718 kW; 976 PS) | |
2013 | Porsche | Panamera S E-Hybrid | Automobile | 2014 model year | |
2013 | Roewe | 550 PHEV | Automobile | ||
2014 | Chevrolet | Impala | Automobile | 2014 model year, mild hybrid with eAssist, discontinued in 2015 due to poor sales | |
2014 | Acura | RLX Sport Hybrid | Automobile | 2014 model year | |
2014 | Lexus | NX 300h | SUV | 2015 model year | |
2014 | Nissan | X-Trail Hybrid | SUV | 2015 model year, for the Asian market | |
2014 | Infiniti | Q70 | Automobile | 2014 model year, rename of Infiniti M35 Hybrid | |
2014 | Infiniti | Q50 | Automobile | 2014 model year | |
2014 | Infiniti | QX60 | SUV | 2014 model year | |
2014 | BMW | BMW i8 | Automobile | Retail deliveries began in June 2014 | |
2014 | BMW | BMW 530 LE | Automobile | 2015 model, Chinese market | |
2014 | Porsche | Cayenne S E-Hybrid | SUV | 2015 model year | |
2014 | Audi | Q7 e-tron | SUV | ||
2014 | Audi | A3 Sportback e-tron | Automobile | ||
2014 | Volkswagen | Golf GTE | Automobile | Shares the same powertrain as the Audi A3 Sportback e-tron | |
2014 | Volkswagen | XL1 | Automobile | Limited run of 250 vehicles | |
2015 | BMW | BMW 225xe iPerformance | Automobile | Retail deliveries began late 2015 | |
2015 | BMW | X5 xDrive 40e iPerformance | SUV | 2016 model year | |
2015 | BMW | X1 xDrive 25LE | SUV | 2016 model year, Chinese market | |
2015 | BYD | Tang | SUV | ||
2015 | Chevrolet | Volt | Automobile | 2016 model year | |
2015 | Hyundai | Sonata PHEV | Automobile | 2016 model year | |
2015 | Kia | Optima Hybrid | Automobile | 2016 model year, twin of Hyundai Sonota, but is not a PHEV | |
2015 | Mercedes-Benz | C350e | Automobile | 2016 model year | |
2015 | Mercedes-Benz | GLC 350e | SUV | 2016 model year | |
2015 | Mercedes-Benz | GLE 550e | SUV | 2016 model year | |
2015 | Mercedes-Benz | S500e | Automobile | 2016 model year | |
2015 | Toyota | Prius | Automobile | 2016 model year | |
2015 | Toyota | RAV4 | SUV | 2016 model year | |
2015 | Lexus | RX 450h | SUV | 2016 model year | |
2015 | Nissan | Murano Hybrid | SUV | 2016 model year | |
2015 | Volvo | XC90 T8 | SUV | 2016 model year | |
2015 | Volkswagen | Passat GTE | Automobile | ||
2016 | BMW | BMW 330e iPerformance | Automobile | Retail deliveries began 2016 | |
2016 | BMW | 740e iPerformance | Automobile | 2017 model year | |
2016 | BMW | 530e iPerformance | Automobile | 2017 model year | |
2016 | Mercedes | E 350e | Automobile | 2017 model year | |
2016 | Chrysler | Pacifica Hybrid | Van | 2017 model year | |
2016 | Chevrolet | Malibu Hybrid | Automobile | 2016 model year, first full hybrid of Malibu | |
2016 | Chevrolet | Silverado Hybrid | Truck | 2016 model year, mild hybrid with eAssist, California only 2016, only certain states 2017 | |
2016 | GMC | Sierra Hybrid | Truck | 2016 model year, twin of Chevrolet Silverado Hybrid | |
2016 | Ferrari | LaFerrari Aperta | Automobile | 2016 model year | |
2016 | Koenigsegg | Regera | Automobile | 2016 model year, utilizes 3 electric motors and a single speed gearbox | |
2016 | Hyundai | Hyundai Ioniq | Automobile | Retail deliveries began 2016 | |
2016 | Kia | Niro | SUV | 2017 model year | |
2016 | Kia | Optima PHEV | Automobile | 2017 model year, Twin of Hyundai Sonata PHEV | |
2016 | Toyota | Prius Prime | Automobile | 2017 model year, PHEV version of Prius | |
2016 | Volvo | S90 T8 | Automobile | 2017 model year | |
2016 | Volvo | V90 T8 | Wagon | 2017 model year | |
2016 | Zinoro | 60H | Automobile | ||
2017 | Honda/Acura | Honda NSX | Automobile | 2017 model year. Released March 14, 2016. 3.5L V6 engine – 573 bhp (427 kW; 581 PS). | |
2017 | Honda/Acura | Acura MDX Sport Hybrid | SUV | 2017 model year | |
2017 | Honda | CR-V | SUV | 2018 model year | |
2017 | Honda | Clarity Plug-in Hybrid | Automobile | 2017 model year | |
2017 | Honda | Accord Hybrid | Automobile | 2018 model year | |
2017 | Toyota | Camry Hybrid | Automobile | 2018 model year | |
2017 | Nissan | Rouge Hybrid | SUV | 2017 model year, canceled in 2020 due to slow sales, related to the earlier Nissan X-Trail Hybrid for Asia | |
2017 | Mini | Countryman S E ALL4 PHEV | SUV | 2018 model year | |
2017 | Volvo | XC60 T8 | SUV | 2018 model year | |
2017 | LEVC | TX | Automobile | London Taxi; Range extender series hybrid | |
2017 | Lexus | LS500h | Automobile | 2018 model year | |
2017 | Lexus | LC500h | Automobile | 2018 model year and first car to employ a dual transmission (CVT and 4-speed automatic) | |
2017 | Cadillac | CT6 Plug-in Hybrid | Automobile | ||
2018 | Buick | LaCrosse | Automobile | 2018 model year, twin of Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid, but different drivetrain, still a mild hybrid and uses eAssist in the US and a different system in China | |
2018 | Land Rover | Evoque P300e | SUV | 2019 model year | |
2018? | Jaguar | E-Pace P300e | SUV | 2019 model year | |
2018 | Land Rover | Range Rover P400e | SUV | 2019 model year | |
2018? | Jaguar | F-Pace P400e | SUV | 2019 model year | |
2018 | Volvo | XC40 Recharge | SUV | 2019 model year, Recharge trim also used for the full EV | |
2018 | Volvo | S60 T8 TE | Automobile | 2019 model year | |
2018 | Audi | A6 & A6 Allroad | Automobile | 2019 model year, PHEV and MHEV | |
2018 | BMW | X5 | SUV | 2019 model year, PHEV | |
2018 | BMW | X1 xDrive25e | SUV | 2019 model year, PHEV, continuation of 2016 Chinese market BMW X1 for all markets | |
2018 | BMW | 330e | Automobile | 2019 model year, PHEV | |
2018 | Mercedes | A 250 e | Automobile | 2019 model year | |
2018 | Mercedes | B 250 e | Automobile | 2019 model year | |
2018 | Mercedes | GLE 350e/ 350de/ 400e/ AMG 53 Hybrid | SUV | 2019 model year | |
2018 | Mercedes - AMG | GT 63 S E-Performance | Automobile | 2019 model year | |
2018 | Subaru | Crosstrek Hybrid | SUV | 2019 model year (2nd generation, US market compliance car) | |
2018 | Subaru | Crosstrek eBOXER | SUV | 2019 model year, European market | |
2018 | Subaru | Forester eBOXER | SUV | 2019 model year, European market | |
2018 | Honda | Insight | Automobile | 2019 model year | |
2018 | Toyota | Corolla Hybrid | Automobile | 2019 model year | |
2018 | Toyota | Rav4 Hybrid | Automobile | 2019 model year, HEV and PHEV | |
2018 | Toyota | Crown | Automobile | 2019 model year, Asian Market | |
2018 | Lexus | UX 250h/260h | SUV | 2019 model year | |
2018 | Kia | Forte Hybrid | Automobile | 2019 model year | |
2018 | Hyundai | Kona Hybrid | SUV | 2019 model year | |
2019 | Hyundai | Sonata Hybrid | Automobile | 2020 model year | |
2019 | Volvo | V60 T8 | Wagon | 2020 model year | |
2019 | Honda | Fit / Jazz | Automobile | 2020 model year, Asian and European market | |
2019 | Honda | City | Automobile | 2020 model year, Asian market | |
2019 | Lexus | LM 300h | Van | 2020 model year, Japanese market | |
2019 | Lincoln | Aviator PHEV | SUV | 2020 model year | |
2019 | Lincoln | Corsair PHEV | SUV | 2020 model year | |
2019 | Jeep | Wrangler | SUV | 2019-2020 model year, Mild hybrid utilizing FCA's eTorque BAS system | |
2019 | Ram | 1500 | Truck | 2019 model year, Mild hybrid utilizing FCA's eTorque BAS system | |
2019 | Bentley | Bentayga | SUV | 2019 model year | |
2019 | Bentley | Flying Spur | Automobile | 2019 model year | |
2019 | Audi | Q8 TFSI e quattro | SUV | 2020 model year, PHEV and MHEV | |
2019 | Audi | Q5 | SUV | 2020 model year, PHEV and MHEV | |
2019 | Audi | A8 | Automobile | 2020 model year, PHEV and MHEV | |
2019 | Lamborghini | Sian FKP 37 | Automobile | 2020 model year, under 100 cars produced, uses supercapacitors instead of a battery | |
2019 | BMW | X3 xDrive30e | SUV | 2020 model year, PHEV | |
2019 | BMW | X2 xDrive 25e | SUV | 2020 model year, PHEV | |
2019 | Mercedes | CLA 250e | Automobile | 2020 model year | |
2019 | Mercedes | GLA 250e | SUV | 2020 model year | |
2020s | |||||
2020 | Jeep | Renegade | SUV | 2021 model year, European Market, Fiat Global Small Engine | |
2020 | Jeep | Compass 4xe | SUV | 2021 model year, European Market, Fiat Global Small Engine | |
2020 | Fiat | 500 Hybrid | Automobile | mild hybrid | |
2020 | Ferrari | SF90 Stradale | Automobile | 2020 model year | |
2020 | Ford | Explorer | SUV | 2020 model year | |
2020 | Ford | Escape | SUV | 2020 model year, hybrid and PHEV variants | |
2020 | Ford | F-150 PowerBoost | Truck | 2021 model year | |
2020 | McLaren | Speedtail | Automobile | 2020 model year | |
2020 | Land Rover | Range Rover MHEV | SUV | 2021 model year, all models use the same MHEV engines (3.0L i6 or diesel variants) | |
2020 | Audi | A7 TFSIe | Automobile | 2021 model year, PHEV | |
2020 | Audi | A3 | Automobile | 2021 model year, PHEV and MHEV | |
2020 | Audi | Q3 | Automobile | 2021 model year, PHEV | |
2020 | Volkswagen | Touareg eHybrid | SUV | 2021 model year, PHEV | |
2020 | Volkswagen | Tiguan eHybrid | SUV | 2021 model year, PHEV | |
2020 | Volkswagen | Arteon eHybrid | Automobile | 2021 model year, PHEV | |
2020 | Volkswagen | Golf GTE / TSI eHybrid | Automobile | 2021 model year, PHEV | |
2020 | Mercedes | S 450e/ 580e | Automobile | 2021 model year | |
2020 | Honda | Vezel / HR-V | SUV | 2021 model year, Asian and European markets | |
2020 | Toyota | Sienna | Van | 2021 model year | |
2020 | Toyota | Venza | SUV | 2021 model year | |
2020 | Toyota | Corolla Cross Hybrid | SUV | 2021 model year | |
2020 | Hyundai | Santa Fe | SUV | 2021 model year | |
2020 | Hyundai | Elantra | Automobile | 2021 model year | |
2020 | Hyundai | Tucson | SUV | 2021-2022 model year, depending on country, both MHEV, HEV, and PHEV variants | |
2020 | Kia | Sorento | SUV | 2021 model year | |
2020 | Kia | K5 | Automobile | 2021 model year | |
2020 | Kia | Carnival | Van | 2021 model year | |
2021 | Lamborghini | Countach | Automobile | 2022 model year, same drivetrain as the Sian, only 112 units sold | |
2021 | Volkswagen | Multivan | Van | 2022 model year, PHEV | |
2021 | Mercedes | C 300e/ 63 AMG S E- Performance | Automobile | 2022 model year | |
2021 | Mercedes | GLC 300e/ 300de/ 350e/ 400e/ AMG 63 | SUV | 2022 model year | |
2021 | Toyota | Tundra | Truck | 2022 model year | |
2021 | Nissan | Qashqai e-Power | SUV | 2022 model year | |
2021 | Nissan | X-Trail E-Power | SUV | 2022 model year | |
2021 | Lexus | NX 350h/450h | SUV | 2022 model year | |
2021 | Opel | Astra Hybrid | Automobile | 2022 model year | |
2021 | Fiat | 500x | SUV | 2022 model year, Europe market, Fiat Global Small Engine | |
2021 | Fiat | Tipo | SUV | 2022 model year, Europe market, Fiat Global Small Engine | |
2021 | Jeep | Wrangler 4xe | SUV | 2021 model year | |
2021 | Jeep | Grand Cherokee | SUV | 2022 model year, Mild hybrid utilizing eTorque BAS system | |
2022 | Jeep | Wagoneer | SUV | 2022 model year, Mild hybrid utilizing eTorque BAS system | |
2022 | Ford | Maverick | Truck | 2022 model year | |
2022 | Honda | Accord | Automobile | 2023 model year | |
2022 | Honda | Civic | Automobile | 2023 model year | |
2022 | Honda | CR-V | SUV | 2023 model year | |
2022 | Honda | ZR-V | SUV | 2023 model year, Asian market only | |
2022 | Suzuki | Grand Vitara | SUV | 2022 model year, Asian and African Markets | |
2022 | Toyota | Urban Cruiser Hyryder Hybrid | SUV | Twin of Suzuki Grand Vitara | |
2022 | Toyota | Innova Zenix Hybrid | MPV | 2022 model year, Asian Market | |
2022 | Toyota | Sequoia | SUV | 2023 model year, hybrid only powertrain | |
2022 | Toyota | Crown | Automobile | 2023 model year | |
2022 | Toyota | Prius | Automobile | 2023 model year, 5th generation, HEV and PHEV (Prius Prime) | |
2022 | Lexus | RX 350h/500h/450h+ | SUV | 2023 model year | |
2022 | Mazda | CX-60 PHEV | SUV | 2023 model year, first Mazda PHEV, sold everywhere but US | |
2022 | McLaren | Artura | Automobile | 2022 model year | |
2022 | Ferrari | 296 GTB | Automobile | 2022 model year | |
2022 | Alfa Romeo | Tonale | SUV | 2023 model year, Fiat Global Small Engine | |
2022 | Dodge | Hornet R/T | SUV | Twin of Alfa Romeo Tonale | |
2022 | BMW | 7 Series | Automobile | 2023 model year, PHEV or MHEV for all engines | |
2022 | BMW | XM | SUV | 2023 model year, PHEV | |
2022 | Genesis | G90 E-Supercharged | Automobile | 2023 model year, utilizes an electric supercharger | |
2022 | Kia | Sportage | SUV | 2023 model year | |
2023 | Hyundai | Santa Fe | SUV | 2024 model year | |
2023 | Hyundai | Kona | SUV | 2024 model year | |
2023 | Mazda | MX-30 PHEV | SUV | 2023 model year, EUDM and JDM only | |
2023 | Mazda | CX-90 PHEV | SUV | 2024 model year | |
2023 | Mazda | CX-50 Hybrid | SUV | 2024 model year, uses Toyota drivetrain | |
2023 | Lincoln | Nautilus Hybrid | SUV | 2024 model year | |
2023 | Toyota | Tacoma | Truck | 2024 model year | |
2023 | Toyota | Land Cruiser | SUV | 2024 model year | |
2023 | Toyota | Grand Highlander | SUV | 2024 model year | |
2023 | Lexus | TX 500h/550h+ | SUV | 2024 model year, Twin of the Toyota Grand Highlander | |
2023 | Lexus | LBX | SUV | 2024 model year, European and Japanese market | |
2023 | Lexus | LM 300h/500h | Van | 2024 model year, Japanese market | |
2023 | Jeep | Grand Cherokee 4xe | SUV | 2023 model year | |
2023 | Lamborghini | Revuelto | Automobile | 2024 model year | |
2023 | Volkswagen | Passat eHybrid | Automobile | 2024 model year, PHEV and MHEV | |
2023 | BMW | 5 Series | Automobile | 2024 model year, PHEV or MHEV for all engines | |
2023 | Mercedes | SL 63 S E-Performance | Automobile | 2024 model year | |
2023 | Mercedes | E 300e/ 300de/ 350e/ 53 hybrid+ | Automobile | 2024 model year | |
2023 | Mercedes | CLE 300e | Automobile | 2024 model year | |
2023 | Mercedes - AMG | GT63 S E-Performance | Automobile | 2024 model year | |
2024 | Volkswagen | Transporter / California | Van | 2025 model year, PHEV | |
2024 | Toyota | Crown Signia | Wagon | 2025 model year, replaces the Toyota Venza | |
2024 | Toyota | Camry | Automobile | 2025 model year | |
2024 | Mazda | CX-70 PHEV | SUV | 2025 model year | |
2024 | Chevrolet | Corvette E-Ray | Automobile | 2024 model year | |
2024 | Koenigsegg | Gemera | Automobile | Upcoming car, single motor hybrid, 4 door | |
2025 | Aston Martin | Valhalla | Automobile | Upcoming car, proposed hybrid, 2025 model year | |
2025 | Porsche | 911 Carrera GTS T-Hybrid | Automobile | 2025 model year | |
2026 | Bugatti | Tourbillion | Automobile | Upcoming car, propose hybrid, 2026 model year |
Early designs: 1899–1917
edit- 1899: Carmaker Pieper of Belgium introduced a vehicle with an under-seat electric motor and a gasoline engine.[17] It used the internal combustion engine to charge its batteries at cruise speed and used both motors to accelerate or climb a hill. Auto-Mixte, also of Belgium, built vehicles from 1906 to 1912 under the Pieper patents.[18]
- 1900: Ferdinand Porsche, then a young engineer at Jacob Lohner & Co. creates the first gasoline–electric hybrid vehicles.[19]
- 1901: Jacob Lohner & Co. produces the first Lohner–Porsche, a series of gasoline–electric hybrid vehicles based on employee Ferdinand Porsche's novel drivetrain.[19] These vehicles had a driveline that was either gas or electric, but not both at the same time.
- 1905 or sooner: Fischer Motor Vehicle Co., Hoboken, NJ produces and sells a petrol–electric omnibus in the United States and in London, including battery storage.[20]
- 1907: AL (French car)
- 1917: Woods Dual Power Car had a driveline similar to the current GMC/Chevrolet Silverado hybrid pickup truck.
Buses
editDate unknown
edit- Castrosua Tempus (in use in Barcelona, Granada, Lugo, Madrid, Santiago de Compostela, Sevilla)[21]
- Irisbus Hynobis (Castellón)[22]
- MAN Lion's City Hybrid:
- Mercedes Benz/Orion VII Hybrid
- North American Bus Industries 60-BRT Hybrid
- Scania OmniLink, ethanol–electric hybrid buses, (Stockholm)[24]
- Solaris:
- Tecnobus Gulliver (hybrid electric and all-electric versions), sold by Hispano Carrocera[28]
- Volvo 7700[29]
- Chery A3[30]
- Chang’an (Chana) Zhi-xiang[31]
- Belkommunmash AKSM-4202K[32]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Fiat 131 ibrida: un'occasione mancata". Ruoteclassiche (in Italian). 2020-01-15. Retrieved 2022-07-13.
- ^ Lösch, Annamaria, ed. (1981), "Electric Cars", World Cars 1981, Pelham, NY: The Automobile Club of Italy/Herald Books: 44, ISBN 0-910714-13-4
- ^ Ago, Masterlukein #cars • 4 Years (2018-03-27). "Alfa Romeo 33 Hybrid, 10 years before the Prius!!". Steemit. Retrieved 2022-07-13.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Licata, Matteo (2022-03-22). "5 Things You Didn't Know About The Alfa Romeo 33". Roadster Life. Retrieved 2022-07-13.
- ^ Cars, Story (2021-11-05). "1995 Fiat Vanzic". Story Cars. Retrieved 2022-07-13.
- ^ "L'occasion manquée". www.largus.fr. Retrieved 2022-07-13.
- ^ "MAZDA:Backnumber | News Releases". newsroom.mazda.com. Retrieved 2024-07-25.
- ^ DaimlerChrysler Commercial Buses North America Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Hybrid - Hino Australia". Archived from the original on 2007-08-08. Retrieved 2007-06-17.
- ^ "E-One: Rescues". Archived from the original on 2007-10-20. Retrieved 2007-11-06.
- ^ "Update on Eaton Medium-Duty Electric Hybrids". Green Car Congress.
- ^ "Eaton Corporation Introduces Its First Commercially Available Hybrid Power System in China with Beiqi Foton Bus Company and Guangzhou Yiqi Bus: (The following news release was also issued by Eaton in China on Jan. 14)". Archived from the original on 2008-08-29. Retrieved 2008-11-24.
- ^ Stopford, William (2021-11-13). "The Most Obscure Special Editions and Forgotten Limited-Run Models: Mopar Edition, Part III - A Trip To Aspen". Curbside Classic. Retrieved 2024-07-25.
- ^ "Honda to Begin Sales of Two More Hybrid Models in 2010" (Press release). Honda. 2009-07-13. Retrieved 2009-07-17.
- ^ Philippe Crowe (2012-06-25). "France-Sourced Toyota Yaris US-Bound in 2013". HybridCars.com. Archived from the original on 2012-06-28. Retrieved 2012-09-12.
- ^ Edelstein, Stephen. "Do hybrid or electric supercars still have to roar to be taken seriously?". Green Car Reports. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
- ^ (in French) Les voitures hybrides dans l'histoire Archived 2012-04-02 at the Wayback Machine on automania.be.
- ^ History of Hybrid Vehicles | Hybrid Cars Archived 2009-09-04 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b "The 1899 Lohner Porsche, the first Hybrid Vehicle?".
- ^ Extract of A. J. Wallis-Tayler, Motor vehicles for business purposes; A practical handbook for those interested in the transport of passengers and goods, 1905
- ^ "CASTROSUA Fabricante de carrocer as de autobuses y autocares". www.castrosua.com.
- ^ "Nothing found for Article Asp?indexid=996". Archived from the original on 2015-01-19. Retrieved 2010-06-04.
- ^ "Autobus Ibridi – Trentino trasporti S.p.A." www.ttspa.it. Retrieved 2016-12-01.
- ^ "Scania testing unique hybrid buses in Stockholm - Scania". Archived from the original on 2010-05-13. Retrieved 2010-06-04.
- ^ "WPK » Kolejne solarisy w Sosnowcu". www.wpk.katowice.pl.
- ^ "Solaris will supply first hybrid bus in Poland to MPK Poznan Transportweekly . Com". www.transportweekly.com.
- ^ AG, Regionalbus Lenzburg. "Hybrid-Gelenkbus Solaris U18 H2 « Fahrzeugpark « Zahlen und Fakten « Über uns « Regionalbus Lenzburg AG". www.rbl.ch.
- ^ "Tecnobus – Autobus e minibus per il trasporto pubblico". www.tecnobus.it. Archived from the original on 2010-08-08. Retrieved 2010-06-04.
- ^ "Hybrid - Hybrid : Volvo Buses". Archived from the original on 2010-04-12. Retrieved 2010-06-04.
- ^ "China's New Hybrid Cars: Almost Affordable in China".
- ^ "Chang'an Motors - First Chinese Hybrid Car Manufacturer Continues Momentum - CleanCarTalk". Archived from the original on 2011-09-11. Retrieved 2012-10-09.
- ^ "В СЛУЦКЕ СОСТОЯЛАСЬ ЦЕРЕМОНИЯ ПЕРЕДАЧИ ГИБРИДНОГО АВТОБУСА БЕЛКОММУНМАШ". 2019-08-01.