Haraldsson is a surname of Icelandic or Swedish origin, meaning son of Harald or son of Haraldur. Its Danish and Norwegian equivalent is Haraldsen. In Icelandic names, the name is not strictly a surname, but a patronymic. The name refers to:
- Godfrid Haraldsson (820–856), son of the Danish king Harald Klak
- Guttorm Haraldsson (fl. 10th century), son of king Harald Fairhair of Norway
- Sigvaldi Strut-Haraldsson (fl. 11th–12th century), chieftain of the Jomsvikings
- Björn Ironside Haraldsson (fl. 12th century), Danish noble; father of Christina Bjornsdatter, a queen of Sweden
- Erlend Haraldsson (fl. 12th century), Earl of Orkney 1151–54
- David Haraldsson (fl. 13th century), Earl of Orkney 1206–14
- Heinrik Haraldsson (fl. 13th century), Earl of Orkney 1206–31
- Jon Haraldsson (fl. 13th century), Earl of Orkney 1206–31
- Erlendur Haraldsson (contemporary), Icelandic academic; professor of psychology and philosophy
- Daníel Ágúst Haraldsson (born 1969), Icelandic pop singer
- Solveig Haraldsson (1939–1994 or 1995), Swedish chess master
- Börje Haraldsson (born 1957), Swedish physician and researcher
- Hákon Arnar Haraldsson (born 2003), Icelandic footballer