It is impossible to say how many flute sonatas were composed by George Frideric Handel, but the correct number is somewhere between none and eight.[1] There are many reasons for the confusion: some of the sonatas were originally written for other instruments, some have uncertain authenticity, some contain borrowings from other Handel works, and some were published (in an altered form) without Handel's knowledge. At least six of the sonatas are known to contain music written by Handel, although he may not have intended some of them to have been played by the flute.
The main source of the sonatas is the c. 1730 publication Sonates pour un traversiere un violin ou hautbois con basso continuo composées par G. F. Handel, allegedly by the Amsterdam publisher Jeanne Roger (who had died in December 1722), however the publication was made by the printer John Walsh. In 1732 Walsh published a revised version under his own name.[2][3]
Three sonatas attributed to Handel were published by Walsh in 1730 as part of a collection titled Six Solos, Four for a German Flute and a Bass and two for a Violin with a Thorough Bass. It was supposed that they were early works composed by Handel before 1703 in Halle but their authenticity is now considered doubtful. The supposition of the date has been proven unfounded, at least for the second sonata, three movements of which are arrangements of music known to have been composed by Handel after 1712.[4]
Of the eleven flute sonatas formerly attributed to Handel, only one (the flute sonata in E minor (HWV 379)) appears to have been intended for the flute as it exists in that form in Handel's autograph, and even that one is a hasty arrangement of movements from other works.[5]
The flute sonata in D major (HWV 378), which was attributed in a manuscript to Johann Sigismund Weiss (brother of the lutenist Sylvius Leopold Weiss), has been proffered as a work by Handel,[6] however no autograph version by Handel is known to exist.
List of flute sonatas
editThe following are the eight candidates for being flute sonatas by Handel:
| HWV | Key | Composed | Published | Opus | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 359b | E minor | circa 1724 | 1732 | Opus 1 No. 1b | Originally composed as a violin sonata in D minor (HWV 359a). |
| 363b | G major | circa 1711–1716 | 1732 | Opus 1 No. 5 | Originally composed as an oboe sonata in F major (HWV 363a). |
| 367b | B minor | circa 1725–1726 | 1732 | Opus 1 No. 9 | Originally composed as a recorder sonata in d minor (HWV 367a). |
| 374 | A minor | 1730 | "Halle sonata No. 1". Authenticity uncertain. | ||
| 375 | E minor | 1730 | "Halle sonata No. 2". Authenticity uncertain. | ||
| 376 | B minor | 1730 | "Halle sonata No. 3". Authenticity uncertain. | ||
| 378 | D major | ?circa 1707 | 1979 | No autograph version by Handel is known to exist. | |
| 379 | E minor | circa 1720 | 1879 | Opus 1 No. 1a | The only sonata that survives as a flute sonata in Handel's own manuscript. Arrangement of movements from other works. |
See also
editReferences
editCitations
- ^ Sadie 2001, p. 2.
- ^ Hicks 2001, p. 770.
- ^ Best 1985, pp. 481–483.
- ^ Best 1985, p. 484.
- ^ Lasocki & Best 1981, pp. 308–309.
- ^ Lasocki & Best 1981, pp. 309–310.
Sources
- Best, Terence (1985). "Handel's Chamber Music: Sources, Chronology and Authenticity". Early Music. 13 (4 (November)): 476–499. doi:10.1093/em/13.4.476.
- Lasocki, David; Best, Terence (1981). "A New Flute Sonata by Handel". Early Music. 9 (3 (July)): 307–311. doi:10.1093/earlyj/9.3.307.
- Sadie, Stanley (2001). Handel The Complete Flute Sonatas (CD). Lisa Beznosiuk (flute), Richard Tunnicliffe (cello), Paul Nicholson (harpsichord). Hyperion. CDA67278.
- Hicks, Anthony (2001). "Handel, George Frideric". In Sadie, Stanley (ed.). The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. Vol. 10 (2nd ed.). Macmillan Publishers. pp. 747–813. ISBN 0-333-60800-3.
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