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As of 2006, waterborne diseases are estimated to cause 1.8 million deaths each year, marking the importance of proper sanitation systems. It is clear that the developing world is heavily lacking in proper public sanitation and that solutions as [[sanitary sewer|sewerages]] (or alternatively small-scale treatment systems) need to be provided.<ref>[http://www.cdc.gov/safewater/publications_pages/fact_sheets/WW4.pdf "Safe Water System,"] US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Fact Sheet, June 2006.</ref>
The [[Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation]] (JMP) of the [[World Health Organisation]] (WHO) and of the [[United Nations Children's Fund]] (UNICEF) publishes a report of updated estimates every two years on the use of various types of drinking-water sources and sanitation facilities at the national, regional and global levels. In March 2012, the JMP released its latest updates.<ref>WHO and UNICEF [http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/JMP-report-2012-en.pdf, ''Progress on Drinking-water and Sanitation: 2012 Update''], WHO, Geneva and UNICEF, New York</ref> According to the definition above, 1.8 billion more people used improved sanitation in 2010 than in 1990, bringing the percentage of people using improved sanitation to 63% globally. However, the world remains off track for the sanitation target of the [[Millennium Development Goal]]s. 2.5 billion lack improved sanitation.<ref>WHO and UNICEF [http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/JMP-report-2012-en.pdf, ''Progress on Drinking-water and Sanitation: 2012 Update''], WHO, Geneva and UNICEF, New York, page 2</ref> According to the JMP, if current trends continue, in 2015 2.4 billion people will lack access to improved sanitation facilities.
[[Ecological sanitation]] can be viewed as a three-step process dealing with human excreta: (1) Containment, (2) [[Disinfection|Sanitization]], (3) [[Recycling]]. The objective is to protect human health and the environment while limiting the use of water in sanitation systems for hand (and anal) washing only and recycling nutrients to help reduce the need for synthetic [[fertilizers]] in [[agriculture]].
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