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Earliest oppositions of the doctrine of kalam such as [[Amir al-Sha'bi]] denounced the use of [[Qiyas]] (analogic deduction), which used by his contemporary scholar [[Ibrahim al-Nakha'i]] who followed ''Ahl ar-Ra'y'' school and used analogies in theology.<ref name="Sha'bi; Siyar A'lam Nubala; Arnauth p.303">{{harvtxt|Al-Dhahabi|1996|p=303}}</ref> He also tried to convince other scholars that Qiyās was not a valid argument.<ref name="Sha'bi; Siyar A'lam Nubala; Arnauth p.311">{{harvtxt|Al-Dhahabi|1996|p=311}}</ref> Al-Sha'bi was recorded to have said: "Beware of Qiyās. For when you use it, you make what is [[halal]] to be [[haram]] and what is haram to be halal.".<ref name="Sha'bi; Ibn Qutayba; p.110">{{cite book |author1=Ibn Qutaybah |author1-link=Ibn Qutaybah |editor1-last=Muḥyī d-Dīn al-Aṣfar |editor1-first=Muḥammad |title=Taʾwīl muḫtalif al-ḥadīṯ |year=1999 |publisher=al-Maktab al-Islāmī |location=Beirut |page=110 |url=https://archive.org/details/waq62864/62864?view=theater#page/n109/mode/2up |access-date=5 August 2024 |language=Ar}}</ref>
According to his own admission, [[Abu Hanifa]], the founder of [[Hanafi school]]; was once observed kalam and became prominent scholar of the subject. However, he was later lost his confidence about kalam after he cannot solve the issue about [[Divorce in Islam|Talaq (Divorce in Islam)]]. Thus Abu Hanifah decided to completely abandon kalam and instead pursue the jurisprudence study under a [[tabi'un]] scholar named [[:ar:حماد بن أبي سليمان|Hammad ibn Abu Sulaiman]].<ref name="Abu Hanifah opinion; Kalam 1">{{cite book |author1=Muhammad ibn Abdur Rahman Al-Khamees |title=كتاب اعتقاد الأئمة الأربعة |trans-title=The Book of the Belief of the Four Imams |year=1992 |publisher=دار العاصمة |page=22 |url=https://shamela.ws/book/22273/20 |access-date=9 August 2024 |language=Ar |quote=Tarikh Baghdad. XIII/page 333
''[[Ahl al-Hadith]]'' prevailed over the ''Ahl al-Kalām'' (and Muslims, or at least mainstream Muslims, now accept the authority of the hadith), so that most of what is known about their arguments comes from the writings of their opponents, such as Imam [[al-Shafi'i]].<ref name=DWBRTMIT1996:13-5>[[#DWBRTMIT1996|Brown, ''Rethinking tradition in modern Islamic thought'', 1996]]: p.13-5</ref> Brown also describes the [[Muʿtazila]] as "the later ''ahl al-Kalām''", suggesting the ''ahl al-Kalām'' were forerunners of the Muʿtazilites.<ref name=DWBRTMIT1996:15>[[#DWBRTMIT1996|Brown, ''Rethinking tradition in modern Islamic thought'', 1996]]: p.15</ref>
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There are various view regarding kalam as theological discipline.
Abu Hanifah, founder of [[Hanafi school]], was recorded to fiercely denounce kalam. He was recorded to scold a kalam scholar [[Amr ibn Ubayd]], "May Allah curse Amr bin Ubaid, since he has paved the way for people who study the science of Kalam, even though this science is useless to them.".<ref name="Abu Hanifah opinion; Kalam 1" /> Abu Hanifa also said "(Kalam) are the sayings of the philosophers. You must follow the hadith of the Prophet sallallaahu ‘alaihi wasallam and the method of the [[salaf]] scholars. Stay away from any ''muhdath''(innovation of theology) , because it is [[bid’ah]]).<ref>{{cite book |author1=Mahmud ibn Abdul Rahman Qadh |title=منازل الأئمة الأربعة أبي حنيفة ومالك والشافعي وأحمد |trans-title=The place of the four imams Abu Hanifa, Malik, Al-Shafi'i and Ahmad |year=2002 |publisher=[[Islamic University of Madinah]] |page=161 |url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=CgNGCwAAQBAJ&pg= |access-date=9 August 2024 |archive-url=https://archive.org/details/20200130_20200130_1402 |archive-date=30 January 2020 |language=Ar}}</ref><ref name="Abu Hanifah opinion; Kalam 2">{{cite web |title=أرشيف ملتقى أهل التفسير |url=https://al-maktaba.org/book/31871/45753 |website=Al-Maktaba |access-date=9 August 2024 |quote=Dzamm al-Kalam, page 194-B, al-Haramawi}}</ref>
[[Al-Shafi‘i]] held that there should be a certain number of men trained in kalam to defend and purify the faith, but that it would be a great evil if their arguments should become known to the mass of the people.<ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Black Macdonald |first1=Duncan |title=Development of Muslim Theology, Jurisprudence, and Constitutional Theory, Chapter=III | publisher=The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd| date=2008 |isbn=978-1584778585 |page=187}}</ref> However, in contradictory reports had al-Shafi'i strongly opposed kalam and its scholars (mutakallimun), such as report from his student [[:ar:الربيع بن سليمان المرادي|Rabi' ibn Sulayman]];<ref>{{cite book |author1=Al-Dhahabi |author1-link=Al-Dhahabi |editor1-link=Shu'ayb al-Arna'ut |title=التاريخ والتراجم سير أعلام النبلاء |trans-title=History and Translations: Biographies of the Noble Figures |year=2001م |publisher=مؤسسة الرسالة |page=18 |url=https://www.islamweb.net/ar/library/content/60/1669/ |access-date=8 August 2024 |language=Ar |chapter=10 |quote=لا تشتغل بالكلام فإني اطلعتُ من أهل الكلام على التعطيل}}</ref> and also how al-Shafi'i engaged in many debates against mu'tazila scholars.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Kecia Ali |title=Imam Shafi'i: Scholar and Saint |year=2011 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=1780740042 |url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=6hm9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT89&dq |access-date=8 August 2024 |language=En |quote=....presumably in Egypt, he declared he hated kalam...}}</ref> Al-Shafi'i goes as far as declaring that ahlul kalam "should be beaten with palm fronds, placed on camels, then paraded around the masses as punishment for abandoning [[sunnah]] in favor of kalam".<ref>{{cite book |author1=Ibn Taymiyya |author1-link=Ibn Taymiyya |editor1-last=ibn 'Abdullah Al-Rajhi |editor1-first='Abd al-Aziz |title=كتاب شرح الحموية لابن تيمية - الراجحي |trans-title=Explanation of Al-Hamwiyyah |publisher=الشبكة الإسلامية |page=13 |url=https://shamela.ws/book/37019/142 |access-date=8 August 2024 |language=Ar |chapter=11 |quote=حكمي في أهل الكلام أن يُضربوا بالجريد ويحملوا على الإبل ويطاف بهم في العشائر والقبائل ويُنادى عليهم: هذا جزاء من ترك الكتاب والسنة وأقبل على الكلام}}</ref><ref name="konsultsyariah; kalam">{{cite web |author1=Yulian Purnama |title=Hukum Mempelajari Ilmu Kalam |trans-title=The ruling of learning kalam |year=2023 |url=https://konsultasisyariah.com/42160-hukum-mempelajari-ilmu-kalam.html |website=konsultasisyariah.com |publisher=Yufid Network |access-date=8 August 2024 |language=Id}}</ref> Furthermore, [[Al-Nawawi]], a 13th AD [[Shafi'i school]] jurist, has recorded in his work, ''Al-Majmu'', that the compilation of al-Shafi'i own words that he strongly forbid the teaching and learning of kalam.<ref>{{cite book |author1=al-Nawawi |author1-link=al-Nawawi |title=المجموع شرح المهذب |trans-title=al-Majmu sharh al-muhadhab |publisher=مطبعة المنيرية |isbn=9777011342 |page=49 |url=https://www.islamweb.net/ar/library/content/14/13/ |access-date=8 August 2024 |language=Ar |chapter=1}}</ref><ref name="konsultsyariah; kalam" /><ref>{{cite web |author1=Abul Aswad Al Bayati |title=Apakah Boleh Mempelajari Ilmu Kalam? |trans-title=Is it allowed to learn kalam? |year=2019 |url=https://bimbinganislam.com/apakah-boleh-mempelajari-ilmu-kalam/ |website=bimbinganislam.com |publisher=Bimbingan Islam (BiAS) |access-date=8 August 2024 |language=Id, Ar |quote=وَقَدْ بَالَغَ إمَامُنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ رحمه الله تعالى:فِي تَحْرِيمِ الِاشْتِغَالِ بِعِلْمِ الْكَلَامِ أَشَدَّ مُبَالَغَةٍ، وَأَطْنَبَ فِي تَحْرِيمِهِ، وَتَغْلِيظِ الْعُقُوبَةِ لِمُتَعَاطِيهِ، وَتَقْبِيحِ فِعْلِهِ، وَتَعْظِيمِ الْإِثْمِ فِيهِ فَقَالَ: ” لَأَنْ يَلْقَى اللَّهُ الْعَبْدَ بِكُلِّ ذَنْبٍ مَا خَلَا الشِّرْكَ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَنْ يَلْقَاهُ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ الْكَلَامِ “، وَأَلْفَاظُهُ بِهَذَا الْمَعْنَى كَثِيرَةٌ مَشْهُورَةٌ}}</ref>▼
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11 AD [[Maliki school]] scholar [[Ibn 'Abd al-Barr]] stated that his contemporaries consensus agreed that kalam was not a part of Islam scholastic discipline and considered it as [[Bid'ah|deviation]].<ref>{{cite book |author1=Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi |author1-link=Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi |title=العقيدة الاعتصام |trans-title=al-Aqidah al-I'tisham (creed of al-I'tisham) |year=1992 |publisher=Dar Ibn Affan |page=832 |url=https://www.islamweb.net/ar/library/content/109/143/ |access-date=8 August 2024 |language=ar |chapter=2 |quote=Jami’ Bayanil Ilmi wa Fadhlihi, 2/942; Ibn Abd al-Barr |editor=Salim ibn 'Ied al-Hilali |location=Saudi Arabia}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=أرشيف ملتقى أهل الحديث |trans-title=Archive of Ahl al-Hadith's forum |date=2010 |publisher=المكتبة الشاملة الحديثة |page=47 |url=https://al-maktaba.org/book/31615/2549 |access-date=8 August 2024 |language=Ar |chapter=6 |quote=Jami’ Bayanil Ilmi wa Fadhlihi, 2/942; Ibn 'Abd al-Barr}}</ref>
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