Gemini Surfactant-Modified Activated Carbon for Remediation of Hexavalent Chromium from Water
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials and Instrument
2.2. Preparation of Surfactant-Modified AC
2.3. Adsorption Experiment
2.4. Measurement and Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Surface Characteristics and Functional Group Analysis
3.2. Adsorption Effect of Cr (VI) at Different Modifier Dosage
3.3. Adsorption Effect of Cr (VI) at Different Adsorbent Dosage
3.4. Adsorption Effect of Cr (VI) at Different pH
3.5. Adsorption Effect of Cr (VI) at Different Ionic Strength
3.6. Adsorption Isotherms
3.7. Adsorption Kinetics
4. Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment Step | Effect | Reference |
---|---|---|
Nitric acid, ammonium persulfate and hydrogen peroxide in the solution with gaseous oxygen at 350 °C | The adsorption of Cr(III) increased but Cr(VI) decreased on oxidation | [16] |
Using (NH4)2S2O8 in 1 M H2SO4 to oxidize carbon materials | The adsorption of Zn(II) increased but surface area and carbon porosity decreased after oxidation under static conditions | [17] |
Making acidic oxygen functional groups into activated carbon by HNO3 oxidation | The adsorption of cadmium increased after oxidized and decreased significantly after heat treatment to progressively eliminate the oxygen functional groups of various thermal stability | [18] |
Heat treatment (1200 K) in nitrogen, air oxidation (693 K), and nitric acid treatment of activated carbons | Have a much higher Hg0 adsorption capacity (925 mg/g) | [19] |
Using carbon (1.5 mm) and heating from ambient temperature to 900 °C in SO2 | The adsorption of Cd2+ was 70.3%. The maximum adsorption (88.3%) of Pb(II) with initial lead concentration of 50 mg/L | [20] |
Modified with 1.0 M citric acid and 1.0 M NaOH | The adsorption capacity was increased to 14.92 mg/g, which was 140% higher than the unmodified carbon carbon | [21,22] |
Heat treatment under the atmosphere of NH3 after pre-oxidation with HNO3 | The higher adsorption rate and capacity toward Cu(II) was obtained | [23] |
Modified with iron salt solution | The optimum removal of As(III), As(V), Fe, and Mn were 93%, 98%, 100%, and 41%, respectively | [24] |
Modified with iron hydro (oxide) nanoparticles | Their maximum arsenic adsorption capacity varied from 370 ug/g to 1250 ug/g | [25] |
Langmuir Model | Freundlich Model | |
---|---|---|
PDDDAB-AC | ||
DTAB-AC |
Pseudo-First-Order Model | Pseudo-Second-Order Model | |
---|---|---|
DTAB-AC | ||
PDDDAB-AC |
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Zhou, Y.; Wang, Z.; Hursthouse, A.; Ren, B. Gemini Surfactant-Modified Activated Carbon for Remediation of Hexavalent Chromium from Water. Water 2018, 10, 91. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10010091
Zhou Y, Wang Z, Hursthouse A, Ren B. Gemini Surfactant-Modified Activated Carbon for Remediation of Hexavalent Chromium from Water. Water. 2018; 10(1):91. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10010091
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhou, Yingying, Zhenghua Wang, Andrew Hursthouse, and Bozhi Ren. 2018. "Gemini Surfactant-Modified Activated Carbon for Remediation of Hexavalent Chromium from Water" Water 10, no. 1: 91. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10010091