The Influence of Light Quality, Circadian Rhythm, and Photoperiod on the CBF-Mediated Freezing Tolerance
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Cold Acclimation and the CBF Regulon
3. Light Quality and Cold Acclimation
4. Circadian Regulation of Cold Acclimation
5. Photoperiodic Regulation of Cold Acclimation
6. Genetically Engineering Cold-Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants
7. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflict of Interest
References
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Symbol | AGI code | Full name | Mechanism and phenotype | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
A. Genes involved in light signaling and cold acclimation response pathway | ||||
CBF2 | AT4G25470 | C-REPEAT/DRE BINDING FACTOR 2 | CBF2 repress the expression of CBF1/3 and the cbf2 mutant showed enhanced cold tolerance | [39] |
CBF1 | AT4G25490 | C-REPEAT/DRE BINDING FACTOR 1 | CBF1/3 are the positive regulators for cold acclimation and RNAi lines are impaired in cold tolerance | [33] |
CBF3 | AT4G25480 | C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR 3 | ||
HY5 | AT5G11260 | ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 | HY5 positively regulates cold induced gene expression through Z-box/LTRE and hy5 mutant is sensitive | [14] |
PhyB | AT2G18790 | PHYTOCHROME B | repression of the CBF regulon in high R/FR is mediated by PHYB and PHYD and thus, phyB and phyD mutants showed increased cold tolerance | [34] |
PhyD | AT4G16250 | PHYTOCHROME D | ||
B. Genes involved in circadian clock and cold acclimation response pathway | ||||
PRR5/7/9 | AT5G24470/AT5G02810/AT2G46790 | PSEUDO RESPONSE REGULATOR 5/7/9 | acts as a negative regulators for CBF pathway and thus, triple mutant prr5/7/9 showed increased cold tolerance | [41] |
CCA1 | AT2G46830 | CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1 | CCA1 binds to promoter of CBFs and promotes cold acclimation which is self- regulated in response to cold stress by alternative splicing mechanism | [15,42] |
LHY | AT1G01060 | LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL | LHY is also important along with CCA1 for circadian regulation of CBFs and double mutant cca1-11/lhy-21 is impaired in freezing tolerance | [15] |
GI | AT1G22770 | GIGANTEA | GI positively regulates freezing tolerance via a CBF-independent pathway and gi-3 mutant is susceptible to freezing due to impaired sugar metabolism | [43] |
C. Genes involved in photoperiodism and cold acclimation response pathway | ||||
PIF4 | AT2G43010 | PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 | PIF4 and PIF7 function redundantly and binds to G-box present in the promoter of CBF genes to repress its expression under LD conditions | [19] |
PIF7 | AT5G61270 | PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 7 |
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Maibam, P.; Nawkar, G.M.; Park, J.H.; Sahi, V.P.; Lee, S.Y.; Kang, C.H. The Influence of Light Quality, Circadian Rhythm, and Photoperiod on the CBF-Mediated Freezing Tolerance. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2013, 14, 11527-11543. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms140611527
Maibam P, Nawkar GM, Park JH, Sahi VP, Lee SY, Kang CH. The Influence of Light Quality, Circadian Rhythm, and Photoperiod on the CBF-Mediated Freezing Tolerance. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2013; 14(6):11527-11543. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms140611527
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaibam, Punyakishore, Ganesh M. Nawkar, Joung Hun Park, Vaidurya Pratap Sahi, Sang Yeol Lee, and Chang Ho Kang. 2013. "The Influence of Light Quality, Circadian Rhythm, and Photoperiod on the CBF-Mediated Freezing Tolerance" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 14, no. 6: 11527-11543. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms140611527