The International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA) was founded in 1978 and was the first institution in Italy to promote post-graduate courses leading to a Doctor Philosophiae (or PhD) degree. A centre of excellence among Italian and international universities, the school has around 65 teachers, 100 post docs and 245 PhD students, and is located in Trieste, in a campus of more than 10 hectares with wonderful views over the Gulf of Trieste.
SISSA hosts a very high-ranking, large and multidisciplinary scientific research output. The scientific papers produced by its researchers are published in high impact factor, well-known international journals, and in many cases in the world's most prestigious scientific journals such as Nature and Science. Over 900 students have so far started their careers in the field of mathematics, physics and neuroscience research at SISSA.
The ATLAS TRT end-cap detectors
The ATLAS TRT collaboration, E Abat, T N Addy, T P A Åkesson, J Alison, F Anghinolfi, E Arik, M Arik, G Atoian, B Auerbach, O K Baker, E Banas, S Baron, C Bault, N Becerici, A Beddall, A J Beddall, J Bendotti, D P Benjamin, H Bertelsen, A Bingul, H Blampey, A Bocci, M Bochenek, V G Bondarenko, V Bychkov, J Callahan, M Capeáns Garrido, L Cardiel Sas, A Catinaccio, S A Cetin, T Chandler, R Chritin, P Cwetanski, M Dam, H Danielsson, E Danilevich, E David, J Degenhardt, B Di Girolamo, F Dittus, N Dixon, D Dobos, O B Dogan, B A Dolgoshein, N Dressnandt, C Driouchi, W L Ebenstein, P Eerola, U Egede, K Egorov, H Evans, P Farthouat, O L Fedin, A J Fowler, S Fratina, D Froidevaux, A Fry, P Gagnon, I L Gavrilenko, C Gay, N Ghodbane, J Godlewski, M Goulette, I Gousakov, N Grigalashvili, Y Grishkevich, J Grognuz, Z Hajduk, M Hance, F Hansen, J B Hansen, J D Hansen, P H Hansen, G A Hare, A Harvey Jr, C Hauviller, A High, W Hulsbergen, W Huta, V Issakov, S Istin, V Jain, G Jarlskog, L Jeanty, V A Kantserov, B Kaplan, A S Kapliy, S Katounine, F Kayumov, P T Keener, G D Kekelidze, E Khabarova, A Khristachev, B Kisielewski, T H Kittelmann, C Kline, E B Klinkby, N V Klopov, B R Ko, T Koffas, N V Kondratieva, S P Konovalov, S Koperny, H Korsmo, S Kovalenko, T Z Kowalski, K Krüger, V Kramarenko, L G Kudin, A-C Le Bihan, B C LeGeyt, K Levterov, P Lichard, A Lindahl, V Lisan, S Lobastov, A Loginov, C W Loh, S Lokwitz, M C Long, S Lucas, A Lucotte, F Luehring, B Lundberg, R Mackeprang, V P Maleev, A Manara, M Mandl, A J Martin, F F Martin, R Mashinistov, G M Mayers, K W McFarlane, V Mialkovski, B M Mills, B Mindur, V A Mitsou, J U Mjörnmark, S V Morozov, E Morris, S V Mouraviev, A M Muir, A Munar, A V Nadtochi, S Y Nesterov, F M Newcomer, N Nikitin, O Novgorodova, E G Novodvorski, H Ogren, S H Oh, S B Oleshko, D Olivito, J Olszowska, W Ostrowicz, M S Passmore, S Patrichev, J Penwell, F Perez-Gomez, V D Peshekhonov, T C Petersen, R Petti, A Placci, A Poblaguev, X Pons, M J Price, O Rø hne, R D Reece, M B Reilly, C Rembser, A Romaniouk, D Rousseau, D Rust, Y F Ryabov, V Ryjov, M Söderberg, A Savenkov, J Saxon, M Scandurra, V A Schegelsky, M I Scherzer, M P Schmidt, C Schmitt, E Sedykh, D M Seliverstov, T Shin, A Shmeleva, S Sivoklokov, S Yu Smirnov, L Smirnova, O Smirnova, P Smith, V V Sosnovtsev, G Sprachmann, S Subramania, S I Suchkov, V V Sulin, R R Szczygiel, G Tartarelli, E Thomson, V O Tikhomirov, P Tipton, J A Valls Ferrer, R Van Berg, V I Vassilakopoulos, L Vassilieva, P Wagner, R Wall, C Wang, D Whittington, H H Williams, A Zhelezko and K Zhukov
Published 21 October 2008 •
Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd
Journal of Instrumentation,
Volume 3,
October 2008Citation The ATLAS TRT collaboration et al 2008 JINST3 P10003DOI 10.1088/1748-0221/3/10/P10003
Duke University, Department of Physics, Durham, NC 27708, United States of America
M Bochenek
AFFILIATIONS
Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science of the AGH-University of Science and Technology, (FPACS, AGH-UST), al. Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Cracow, Poland
V G Bondarenko
AFFILIATIONS
Moscow Engineering & Physics Institute (MEPhI), Kashirskoe Shosse 31, RU - 115409 Moscow, Russia
V Bychkov
AFFILIATIONS
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Dubna, RU - 141 980 Moscow Region, Russia
J Callahan
AFFILIATIONS
Indiana University, Department of Physics, Swain Hall West, Room 117, 727 East Third St., Bloomington, IN 47405-7105, United States of America
Moscow Engineering & Physics Institute (MEPhI), Kashirskoe Shosse 31, RU - 115409 Moscow, Russia
S P Konovalov
AFFILIATIONS
P.N. Lebedev Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 53, RU - 117 924 Moscow, Russia
S Koperny
AFFILIATIONS
Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science of the AGH-University of Science and Technology, (FPACS, AGH-UST), al. Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Cracow, Poland
H Korsmo
AFFILIATIONS
Lunds Universitet, Fysiska Institutionen, Box 118, SE - 221 00 Lund, Sweden
S Kovalenko
AFFILIATIONS
Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, RU - 188 300 Gatchina, Russia
T Z Kowalski
AFFILIATIONS
Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science of the AGH-University of Science and Technology, (FPACS, AGH-UST), al. Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Cracow, Poland
Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, CNRS-IN2P3, Universite Joseph Fourier, INPG, 53 avenue des Martyrs, FR - 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
F Luehring
AFFILIATIONS
Indiana University, Department of Physics, Swain Hall West, Room 117, 727 East Third St., Bloomington, IN 47405-7105, United States of America
B Lundberg
AFFILIATIONS
Lunds Universitet, Fysiska Institutionen, Box 118, SE - 221 00 Lund, Sweden
R Mackeprang
AFFILIATIONS
Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK - 2100 Kobenhavn 0, Denmark
V P Maleev
AFFILIATIONS
Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, RU - 188 300 Gatchina, Russia
A Manara
AFFILIATIONS
Indiana University, Department of Physics, Swain Hall West, Room 117, 727 East Third St., Bloomington, IN 47405-7105, United States of America
Yale University, Department of Physics, PO Box 208121, New Haven CT, 06520-8121 , United States of America
F F Martin
AFFILIATIONS
University of Pennsylvania, Department of Physics & Astronomy, 209 S. 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
R Mashinistov
AFFILIATIONS
Moscow Engineering & Physics Institute (MEPhI), Kashirskoe Shosse 31, RU - 115409 Moscow, Russia
G M Mayers
AFFILIATIONS
University of Pennsylvania, Department of Physics & Astronomy, 209 S. 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
K W McFarlane
AFFILIATIONS
Hampton University, Department of Physics, Hampton, VA 23668, United States of America
V Mialkovski
AFFILIATIONS
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Dubna, RU - 141 980 Moscow Region, Russia
B M Mills
AFFILIATIONS
University of British Columbia, Dept of Physics, 6224 Agricultural Road, CA - Vancouver, B.C. V6T 1Z1, Canada
B Mindur
AFFILIATIONS
Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science of the AGH-University of Science and Technology, (FPACS, AGH-UST), al. Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Cracow, Poland
V A Mitsou
AFFILIATIONS
Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), Centro Mixto UVEG-CSIC, Apdo. 22085, ES-46071 Valencia; Dept. Física At., Mol. y Nuclear, Univ. of Valencia and Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM-CSIC), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
J U Mjörnmark
AFFILIATIONS
Lunds Universitet, Fysiska Institutionen, Box 118, SE - 221 00 Lund, Sweden
S V Morozov
AFFILIATIONS
Moscow Engineering & Physics Institute (MEPhI), Kashirskoe Shosse 31, RU - 115409 Moscow, Russia
E Morris
AFFILIATIONS
Indiana University, Department of Physics, Swain Hall West, Room 117, 727 East Third St., Bloomington, IN 47405-7105, United States of America
S V Mouraviev
AFFILIATIONS
P.N. Lebedev Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 53, RU - 117 924 Moscow, Russia
A M Muir
AFFILIATIONS
University of British Columbia, Dept of Physics, 6224 Agricultural Road, CA - Vancouver, B.C. V6T 1Z1, Canada
A Munar
AFFILIATIONS
University of Pennsylvania, Department of Physics & Astronomy, 209 S. 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
A V Nadtochi
AFFILIATIONS
Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, RU - 188 300 Gatchina, Russia
S Y Nesterov
AFFILIATIONS
Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, RU - 188 300 Gatchina, Russia
F M Newcomer
AFFILIATIONS
University of Pennsylvania, Department of Physics & Astronomy, 209 S. 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
N Nikitin
AFFILIATIONS
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, RU - 119 992 Moscow Leninskie gory 1, Russia
O Novgorodova
AFFILIATIONS
P.N. Lebedev Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 53, RU - 117 924 Moscow, Russia
E G Novodvorski
AFFILIATIONS
Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, RU - 188 300 Gatchina, Russia
H Ogren
AFFILIATIONS
Indiana University, Department of Physics, Swain Hall West, Room 117, 727 East Third St., Bloomington, IN 47405-7105, United States of America
S H Oh
AFFILIATIONS
Duke University, Department of Physics, Durham, NC 27708, United States of America
S B Oleshko
AFFILIATIONS
Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, RU - 188 300 Gatchina, Russia
D Olivito
AFFILIATIONS
University of Pennsylvania, Department of Physics & Astronomy, 209 S. 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
J Olszowska
AFFILIATIONS
The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, PL - 31342 Krakow, Poland
W Ostrowicz
AFFILIATIONS
The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, PL - 31342 Krakow, Poland
Indiana University, Department of Physics, Swain Hall West, Room 117, 727 East Third St., Bloomington, IN 47405-7105, United States of America
S I Suchkov
AFFILIATIONS
Moscow Engineering & Physics Institute (MEPhI), Kashirskoe Shosse 31, RU - 115409 Moscow, Russia
V V Sulin
AFFILIATIONS
P.N. Lebedev Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 53, RU - 117 924 Moscow, Russia
R R Szczygiel
AFFILIATIONS
The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, PL - 31342 Krakow, Poland
G Tartarelli
AFFILIATIONS
INFN Milano and Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, via Celoria 16, IT - 20133 Milano, Italy
E Thomson
AFFILIATIONS
University of Pennsylvania, Department of Physics & Astronomy, 209 S. 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
V O Tikhomirov
AFFILIATIONS
P.N. Lebedev Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 53, RU - 117 924 Moscow, Russia
P Tipton
AFFILIATIONS
Yale University, Department of Physics, PO Box 208121, New Haven CT, 06520-8121 , United States of America
J A Valls Ferrer
AFFILIATIONS
Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), Centro Mixto UVEG-CSIC, Apdo. 22085, ES-46071 Valencia; Dept. Física At., Mol. y Nuclear, Univ. of Valencia and Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM-CSIC), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
R Van Berg
AFFILIATIONS
University of Pennsylvania, Department of Physics & Astronomy, 209 S. 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
V I Vassilakopoulos
AFFILIATIONS
Hampton University, Department of Physics, Hampton, VA 23668, United States of America
L Vassilieva
AFFILIATIONS
P.N. Lebedev Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 53, RU - 117 924 Moscow, Russia
P Wagner
AFFILIATIONS
University of Pennsylvania, Department of Physics & Astronomy, 209 S. 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
R Wall
AFFILIATIONS
Yale University, Department of Physics, PO Box 208121, New Haven CT, 06520-8121 , United States of America
C Wang
AFFILIATIONS
Duke University, Department of Physics, Durham, NC 27708, United States of America
D Whittington
AFFILIATIONS
Indiana University, Department of Physics, Swain Hall West, Room 117, 727 East Third St., Bloomington, IN 47405-7105, United States of America
H H Williams
AFFILIATIONS
University of Pennsylvania, Department of Physics & Astronomy, 209 S. 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
A Zhelezko
AFFILIATIONS
Moscow Engineering & Physics Institute (MEPhI), Kashirskoe Shosse 31, RU - 115409 Moscow, Russia
K Zhukov
AFFILIATIONS
P.N. Lebedev Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 53, RU - 117 924 Moscow, Russia
The ATLAS TRT end-cap is a tracking drift chamber using
245,760 individual tubular drift tubes. It is a part of the TRT
tracker which consist of the barrel and two end-caps. The TRT
end-caps cover the forward and backward pseudo-rapidity region
1.0 < |η| < 2.0, while the TRT barrel central η region
|η| < 1.0. The TRT system provides a combination of continuous
tracking with many measurements in individual drift tubes (or
straws) and of electron identification based on transition radiation
from fibers or foils interleaved between the straws
themselves. Along with other two sub-system, namely the Pixel
detector and Semi Conductor Tracker (SCT), the TRT constitutes the
ATLAS Inner Detector. This paper describes the recently completed
and installed TRT end-cap detectors, their design, assembly,
integration and the acceptance tests applied during the
construction.