Sabah
Sabah | |
---|---|
Pogun Sabah Negeri Sabah (Malay) | |
Nickname(s): | |
Motto(s): | |
Anthem: Sabah Tanah Airku[4] Sabah, My Homeland | |
Coordinates: 5°15′N 117°0′E / 5.250°N 117.000°E | |
Established under the Bruneian Empire | 15th century |
Sultanate of Sulu | 1658 |
British North Borneo | 1882 |
Japanese occupation | 1942 |
British crown colony | 15 Madas 1946 |
Gained self-governance | 31 Magus 1963[5][6][7][8] |
Federated into Malaysia[9] | 16 Manom 1963[10] |
Capital (and largest city) | Kota Kinabalu |
Ḇoogian | |
Government | |
• Body | Sabah State Legislative Assembly |
• Yang di-Pertua Negeri | Juhar Mahiruddin |
• Boyoon Montiri | Hajiji Noor (GRS–GAGASAN) |
Area | |
• Total | 73,904 km2 (28,534 sq mi) |
Highest elevation | 4,095 m (13,435 ft) |
Population (2020)[11] | |
• Total | 3,418,785 (3rd) |
• Density | 46/km2 (120/sq mi) |
Demonym | Sabahan |
Demographics (2022)[11] | |
• Ethnic composition |
|
Boros | |
• Rasmi | Malayu |
• Other spoken | |
Time zone | UTC+8 (MST[12]) |
Postal code | |
Calling code | 087 (Inner District) 088 (Kota Kinabalu & Kudat) 089 (Lahad Datu, Sandakan & Tawau)[15] |
ISO 3166 code | MY-12 |
Vehicle registration | SA, SAA, SAB, SAC, SY (West Coast) SB (Beaufort) SD (Lahad Datu) SK (Kudat) SS, SSA, SM (Sandakan) ST, STA, SW (Tawau) SU (Keningau)[16] |
HDI (2019) | 0.710[17] high · ko-15 |
GDP (nominal) | 2022 |
• Total | $27.758 billion (RM 122.138 billion)[18] (ko-5) |
• Per capita | $8,186 (RM 36,020)[18] (ko-11) |
GDP (PPP) | 2022 |
• Total | $77.938 billion (6th) |
• Per capita | $22,797 (ko-11) |
Driving side | Left |
Electricity voltage | 230 V, 50 Hz |
Currency | Malaysian ringgit (RM/MYR) |
Website | Official website |
Sabah di ointutunan sabaagi "Pogun Id Siriba Do Tongus" nopo nga iso pogun di minomontuk do Pogisompuruan Malaysia. Poinladsong o Sabah id boogian koibutan do pulou Borneo. Tama do pogun montok Sabah nopo nga Kota Kinabalu, di ointutunan di gulu po sabaagi do Jesselton. Otoina o kinoyonon do Sabah tu poingwiliu id siriba do wawayaan sarup monsun om au koumbal noontok do ribut taupan, nga haro i ribut tropika di kiginayo tokodo. Sabah nopo nga pogun koduo tagayo id Malaysia.
Ginayo do rinantayon do pogun Sabah nopo nga pikiikiro do 72,500 kilometer pisagi om migontob do Sarawak, om nokotongkiad mantad Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan id Malaysia. Suai ko ii, kiharo nogi gontob sompomogunan do tindal id boogian kaabatan do pogun kohompit do Rahat Sulawesi miampai Indonesia, om gontob waig id koibutan do Rahat Sulu miampai Vietnam om ninaru rulud do disan rahat nopo nga 1290-1450 km. Poingwiliu o Sabah id boogian bobos koibutan Borneo sabaagi pulau kumotolu tagayo id pomogunan. Kiiklim o Sabag do talun rasam tropika om kiharo nuluh bobos takawas id Malaysia, Nulu Nabalu, miampai kinakawason do 4,101 meter om nokosiliu soboogian mantad do koyonon Dayat Crocker (Crocker Range).
Piromutan dayat (range) id Sabah-Crocker, Dayat Trusmadi om Witti nopo nga kigorigi id labus kakadayan om kahanggum ogumu o timpak gisom korikot do kinawas id pialatan do 1,200 gisom 1,800 meter. Id pialatan do Dayat Crocker om rahat id disan rahat do kotonobon nopo nga rinantayon disan rahat di alaab om kitulun di ogumu; rinantayon suai miagal do Tenom, Tambunan om Keningau, nopo nga poingwiliu id labus kakadayan id pialatan do winagat nuluhon, daamot dii rinantayon tosiribo do ponong kosilahon, soboogian nopo nga nayayak do kolopusan.
Koumbal nointutunan sabaagi Pogun Koibutan Borneo (The North Borneo) maamaso timpu kopomorintaan Boritis gisom 1963 toi ko SBUB. Kiwaa nogi o susuyan laid sondii, om kopirait do susuyan Borunai-Polipin. Nawayaan pogun diti kopomorintaan do poinlangkap (colonial) Boritis (SBUB om Kopomorintaan Dalangkap Inggilis) om Gipun namot Sangod Pomogunan Koduo. Baino, poinsuang id Pogun Pogisompuruan Malaysia.
Pogun Sabah nopo diti nga kipomoyo do lundugayud kipangampai (constitutional democracy) tantad po hiza kikolunduan tinan di toun 1963. Miampai kotinanan tinukuan pogun sondii, luguan pogun nopo nga Lugugayo Pogun Sabah (Tabai: Yang Di-Pertua Negeri Sabah, di gulu nopo i Sabah Governor), Woyoon Montiri sabaagi luguan do kolunduan id Sabah, om uhupan do Sontimung Montiri. Sabah nogi nga iso mantad apat pogun (duo nopo nga pogun id Semenanjung) id Malaysia di au kisultan toi ko raja id taang pogun. Mimpohon do Pomoyo Westminster di pinotungkus do kolunduan Boritis om iso pogun tosopung di minomoguno do pomoyo (system) diti. Kiwaa 5 o boogian togori (Tabai: pentadbiran) do Sabah om 27 o watas. Boros poinhimag nopo nga Boros Inggilis om Tabai.
Tulun Sabah toi ko' orohian roitan sabaagi do Sabahan, om mantad 33 tinimungan tulun sandad (haingtana' toi bumiputera Sabah) di mituubung id lobi 50 boros om 80 kawos (dialect) tinaru. Kiwaa iso kawos Tabai di noguno ii nopo nga boros Tabai Sabah. Tinimungan tinaru tagayo id Sabah nopo nga Kadazandusun di minamahanggum lobi 30% o tulun id Sabah.
Tadau Kaamatan di taandakon ontok 30 om 31 Mikat monikid toun nopo nga kapanaandakan di taandakon do tinimungan Kadazandusun di kitudu do popotogom koubasanan "bambarayon" om monongkotoluod nogi tu nakaanu totus tomoton di ogonop. Tinaru aangkal suai id Sabah nopo nga Sama, toi ko' ointutunan nogi sabaagi "Koboi Timur", om Murut ii no tu tulun id nulu om songgorib di gulu po, nopo nga tinimunan tinaru kumoduo om kotolu agayo id pogun Sabah. Tinaru suai id Sabah kohompit no Sama, Iranun, Tabung (Melayu Brunei), Bugis, Kadayan, Lotud, Lundayeh, Rungus, Minokok, Bonggi, om Ida'an. Suai ko ii, tinaru Sina toi ko' nopogirakatan Sina-Dusun nogi nga nosiliu sabaagi tinimungan aangkal sandad id pogun Sabah.
Koudanan
[simbanai | simbanai toud]Koudanan ngaran do Sabah amu kopio otolinahas nga piipiro susuyan i kahabar do tulun toi ko kosurat id buuk pinatalang do poingkaa, ngaran do Sabah naanu mantad do punti saba' it totonomon do tulun Bajau om koubasanan do wonsoion do punti ginuring. Baino nolohou ot punti diti do punti monurun.
Pongundodoitan do 'Sabah' noguno do koinsan nogi ontok ponounan ko-1500 di dudumagang ngimbadi mantad Kalimantan om nogi kopulauan Sulu id Selatan Pilipin. Komoyon do, pomungaran 'Sabah' noguno no pogulu do nokorikot ot Boritis.
Soira do naanu do Timunggama Kipanaga Koibutan Bonio ot Sabah, alanai nodi ngaran 'Sabah' kumaa do 'Koibutan Bonio' ontok toun 1881. Hongkod pogun do Sabah di timpuun nopo nga Kudat ( 1881 ). Soira do nakaamung do Malaysia, ngaran do 'Sabah' ginuno kawagu ontok toun 1963.
Sisindiron doun Jawa Nagarakotagama it sinuratan di Parapansa ontok toun 1365 minangarait do Sabah sobaagi do 'Soludang'. Id sinuratan di Marko Polo ontok minumbaya id Bornio, Sabah maso dilo nopo nga roitan do "BURNI" it nokopongowit do ngaran do Burunai do baino.
Mamasok Dusun nga haro nogi susuyan kokomoi do Sabah it naanu mantad boros 'sawa' toi 'sava' id siba do tongus' kikomoyon do ponongsawa miagal doid Kota Kinabalu (Api-api) om kinoyonon id tisan do rahat. Pangalahawan do 'sawa' toi 'sava' maso do gunoon do tulun Dusun do mangarait kinoyonon id sawa do bawang.
Sidtana' (geography)
[simbanai | simbanai toud]Id Kotonobon do Sabah nopo nga konuluhon poinaru miampai do Nuluhon do Croker i poinsawat kiikiro 1,000 o kasawaton gisom 4,000 meter. Id kasawaton i kolobi do 4,095 meter nopo nga, Nulu nabalu no i nulu do poinkawas om roiton do nulu poinsawat id kopulohon do Nusantara (au kosuang o New Guinea) om sinagaan sabaagi do nulu i koinhopod kasawat id Asia Tenggara.
Kotolunan id Sabah pungaranan do Talun Rasam Toropika om dinadi do tiiyonon ngawi do mogisuusuai kawo sumuni talun om nogi tayam tolias. Taman Negara Kinabalu nokosurat sobaagi do Tapak Tinungkusan Sompomogunan dii UNESCO di toun 2000 tu kikosimaon do susuumuni om tayam kaampai nogi kowo-woyoon 'geologi', 'topografi' om pontongusan dit ingaa kaagalon.
Poinsomok di Nuluh Kinabalu nopo nga Nuluh Tambuyukon ii kikinawas do 2,579 meterom nointutunan sabaagi do nuluh takawas kumotolu id pogun diti. Misampaping do Dayat Crocker nopo nga Dayat Trusmadi mimpai limunduk Nuluhon Trusmadi ii kumoduo do takawas id pogun diti miampai tukuran kinawas 2,642 meter.
Ginumuan om susuyan Sabah
[simbanai | simbanai toud]Mogigion Sabah nopo nga soginumu do 33 tinimungan momogun ii milumaag id suang lobi 50 boros om 80 kawos tinaru. Kadazandusun nopo nga tinimungan tinaru di taagayo id Sabah ii mongoyuan (momontuk) gisom do 30 piatus mantad do ginumu mogigion do poimponu. Tadau Kaamatan nopo nga taandakon ontok 30 om 31 Mikat tikid toun montok mamantang do Sunduan Wagas (Bambarayon) om monongkotoluod kumaa kinorohingan montok totus dii. Sama nogi nga ointutunan sabaagi do "Koboi Timur" om Murut nopo nga tulun sokid om tonggorib ontok di gulu po sabaagi do tinimungan tinaru koduo om kotolu tagayo id Sabah. Ranzat suai nga kiwaa nogi sabaagi ranzat sandad miagal ko Bisaya, Tabung (Borunai), Bugis, Kadayan, Lotud, Lundayeh, Rungus, Suluk, Minokok, Bonggi, Ida'an om suusuai po. Suai ko ii, tulun Sina nogi nga kohompit nogi id suang tinimungan gulu montok di mogigion okon sandad.
Koonunuan (economy)
[simbanai | simbanai toud]Koonunuan toi kobodian id Sabah nopo maya do pomutanaman, panagadan, kapamansayan om pomuhambaan. Tumauwatu (petroleum) om tumau piasau mamau nopo nga asil di poinggumu do polobuson. Daamot dilo, iri poinggumu do sumuang id Sabah nopo nga kakamot padsakayan, totus tumauwatu, pamarabak, taakanon, om nogi kakamot mantad ponupuan (kilang).
Sukuon
[simbanai | simbanai toud]- ↑ "Mengenai Sabah" [About Sabah] (id boros Malayu). Sabah State Government. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 19 May 2016. Linoyog ontok 19 May 2016.
- ↑ "About Sabah". Sabah State Government. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 20 May 2016. Linoyog ontok 20 May 2016.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "The Meaning of the Sabah State Crest". Sabah State Government. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 10 June 2014. Linoyog ontok 10 June 2014.
- ↑ "Lagu-Lagu Patriotik" [Patriotic Songs] (id boros Malayu). Sabah State Government. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 20 May 2016. Linoyog ontok 20 May 2016.
- ↑ Ralat maganu:Tag
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- ↑ "Malaysia Act 1963 (Chapter 35)" (PDF). The National Archives. United Kingdom legislation. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad (PDF) ontok 14 November 2012. Linoyog ontok 12 August 2011.
- ↑ the Governments of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Federation of Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore (1963). Wikisource. . p. 1 – via
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 "Key Findings Population and Housing Census of Malaysia 2020". Department of Statistics, Malaysia. Linoyog ontok 20 August 2022.[noputan di napatai sogigisom]
- ↑ Helmer Aslaksen (28 June 2012). "Time Zones in Malaysia". Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 21 May 2016. Linoyog ontok 21 May 2016.
- ↑ "Postal codes in Sabah". cybo.com. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 17 August 2016. Linoyog ontok 12 July 2016.
- ↑ "Postal codes in Semporna". cybo.com. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 17 August 2016. Linoyog ontok 12 July 2016.
- ↑ "Area codes in Sabah". cybo.com. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 17 August 2016. Linoyog ontok 12 July 2016.
- ↑ Teh Wei Soon (23 March 2015). "Some Little Known Facts On Malaysian Vehicle Registration Plates". Malaysian Digest. Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 8 July 2015. Linoyog ontok 12 July 2016.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ↑ "Subnational Human Development Index (2.1) [Sabah – Malaysia]". Global Data Lab of Institute for Management Research, Radboud University. Linoyog ontok 12 November 2018.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 DOSM. "Department of Statistics Malaysia". www.dosm.gov.my. Linoyog ontok 2023-09-11.
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