Isolation and Characterization of a Frog Virus 3 Strain from a Wood Frog (Rana sylvatica) in Wood Buffalo National Park
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Collection
2.2. Cell Culture and Reagents
2.3. Virus Isolation, Purification, Quantification, and DNA Extraction
2.4. PCR Amplification, Sequencing, and Genome Assembly
2.5. Single-Step Growth Curves
2.6. Plaque Area
3. Results
3.1. General Genome Characteristics of RSR
3.2. Gene Variation between FV3, SSME, and RSR
3.3. In Vitro Replication Variation between FV3, SSME, and RSR
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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ORF a | Start/Stop (AA b) | Predicted Function/Conserved Domain |
---|---|---|
1R | 272–1042 (256) | Putative replicating factor, putative DNA packaging protein, poxvirus late transcription factor VLTF3–like domain |
2L | 1649–2611 (320) | Putative myristylated membrane, poxvirus entry-fusion-complex G9/A16 domain |
3R | 3418–4734 (438) | IIV-6 ORF 229L-like protein |
4R | 4775–4957 (60) | Hypothetical protein, transmembrane domain |
5R | 5390–6004 (204) | Similar to US22 herpesvirus early nuclear protein, FPV ORF 250–like protein |
6R | 6007–6234 (75) | Hypothetical surface protein |
7R | 7025–7411 (128) | Hypothetical surface protein |
8R | 7503–11,384 (1293) | DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II largest subunit |
9L | 11,753–14,599 (948) | Putative NTPase, N-terminal helicase domain of the DEAD-box helicase, helicase C-terminal domain |
10R | 14,615–15,028 (137) | Hypothetical protein, transmembrane domain |
11L | 15,376–15,588 (70) | Hypothetical protein, transmembrane domain |
12L | 15,654–16,547 (297) | Hypothetical surface protein |
13R | 17,088–17,294 (68) | Hypothetical surface protein |
14R | 17,309–17,668 (119) | Hypothetical surface protein |
15R | 17,764–18,732 (322) | AAA-ATPase, vaccinia virus A32-like protein |
16R | 19,012–19,839 (275) | Putative integrase-like protein |
17L | 20,080–21,588 (502) | Hypothetical surface protein |
18L | 21,626–21,862 (78) | Hypothetical protein, transmembrane domain |
19R | 21,914–24,469 (851) | Similar to LCDV1 ORF 10L uncharacterized conserved protein, putative serine/threonine-protein kinase, 2-cysteine adaptor domain, protein kinase-like catalytic domain |
20R | 24,517–24,963 (148) | Hypothetical protein, transmembrane domain |
21L | 25,200–25,859 (219) | Similar to ISKNV ORF 56L protein |
22R | 25,989–28,910 (973) | Putative D5 family NTPase/ATPase, C-terminal primase 2 domain |
23R | 29,288–30,436 (382) | Hypothetical surface protein |
24R | 30,819–31,916 (365) | Hypothetical protein |
25R | 32,110–32,898 (262) | p31K protein |
26R | 32,965–33,195 (76) | Truncated putative e1F-2alpha-like protein |
27R | 33,726–36,638 (970) | Putative tyrosine kinase, CAP10 putative lipopolysaccharide modifying enzyme, glycosyl transferase superfamily 90 domain |
28R | 36,687–37,175 (162) | Hypothetical protein, RNA polymerase Rpb5 C-terminal domain |
29L | 37,354–37,650 (98) | Hypothetical surface protein |
30R | 37,852–38,004 (58) | Hypothetical protein, transmembrane domain |
31R | 38,066–38,485 (139) | Hypothetical surface protein |
32R | 38,535–40,424 (629) | Neurofilament triplet H1-like protein |
33R | 40,507–40,698 (63) | Hypothetical protein, transmembrane domain |
34R | 40,842–41,162 (106) | Similar to human parainfluenza virus 1-like L-protein, seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor superfamily domain |
35L | 41,254–41,715 (153) | Hypothetical protein |
36L | 41,728–42,351 (207) | Hypothetical protein |
37R | 42,747–43,376 (209) | Putative NIF/NLI interacting factor, HAD-like superfamily domain |
38R | 43,517–45,214 (565) | Hypothetical protein, ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase alpha subunit barrel domain |
39R | 45,320–45,670 (116) | Putative hydrolase of the metallo-beta-lactamase superfamily |
40R | 45,759–46,307 (182) | Hypothetical protein, transmembrane domain |
41R | 46,689–50,186 (1165) | Similar to RRV orf2 protein |
42L | 50,682–50,939 (85) | Hypothetical surface protein |
44R | 51,473–51,658 (61) | Hypothetical surface protein |
45L | 51,934–52,344 (136) | Similar to LCDV1 orf88, surface protein |
46L | 52,398–52,961 (187) | SSTIV orf049L-like protein, neurofilament triplet H1-like protein, microneme/rhoptry antigen |
47L | 53,086–53,502 (138) | Hypothetical surface protein |
48L | 53,505–53,756 (83) | Hypothetical surface protein |
49/50L | 53,865–55,451 (528) | LCDV1 orf58-like protein, SAP DNA binding domain, RGI orf50L-likeprotein, SSTIV orf052L-like protein |
51R | 55,531–57,216 (561) | Hypothetical surface protein |
52L | 57,473–58,540 (355) | Putative 3-beta-hydroxy-delta 5-C27 steroid oxidoreductase-like protein, Rossmann-fold NAD(P)-binding domain-containing protein |
53R | 58,878–60,446 (522) | Similar to LCDV1 orf20, L1R F9L superfamily domain, putative myristoylated protein, transmembrane domain |
54L | 60,661–60,891 (76) | Putative nuclear calmodulin-binding protein |
55L | 60,929–62,224 (431) | Helicase-like protein, N-terminal helicase domain of the DEAD-box helicase |
55R | 61,073–62,212 (379) | 40 kDa hypothetical surface protein |
56R | 62,312–62,749 (145) | Hypothetical protein |
57R | 62,863–64,359 (498) | Putative phosphotransferase, serine/threonine protein kinase |
58R | 64,684–65,397 (237) | Hypothetical surface protein |
59L | 65,948–67,006 (352) | RGV 9807-like protein, hypothetical surface protein |
60R | 67,168–70,209 (1013) | DNA polymerase-like protein |
61L | 70,218–70,400 (60) | Hypothetical surface protein |
62L | 70,843–74,508 (1221) | DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II second largest subunit domain |
63R | 74,887–75,381 (164) | Putative dUTPase-like protein |
64R | 75,521–75,808 (95) | Putative interleukin-1 beta convertase precursor, caspase recruitment domain/DEATH |
65L | 76,201–76,365 (54) | Hypothetical protein, collagen triple helix repeat |
66L | 76,362–76,913 (183) | Hypothetical protein |
67L | 76,968–78,131 (387) | Ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase beta subunit-like protein |
68R | 78,414–78,701 (95) | Hypothetical protein |
69R | 78,837–79,103 (88) | Hypothetical protein, transmembrane domain |
70R | 79,121–79,495 (124) | Hypothetical surface protein |
71R | 79,535–79,768 (77) | Hypothetical protein |
72L | 79,825–80,541 (238) | Hypothetical surface protein |
73L | 80,989–81,963 (324) | Putative NTPase/helicase-like protein |
74L | 82,138–83,250 (370) | Hypothetical surface protein |
75L | 83,282–83,536 (84) | Putative LITAF/PIG7 possible membrane associated motif in LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha factor, transmembrane domain |
76R | 83,599–83,820 (73) | Hypothetical protein |
77L | 83,817–84,164 (115) | LCDV1 orf2-like protein, hypothetical surface protein |
78L | 84,749–85,387 (212) | Hypothetical protein, RNA recognition motif (RRM) superfamily |
79R | 85,523–87,241 (572) | Putative ATPase-dependent protease |
80L | 87,864–88,979 (371) | Ribonuclease-like protein, RIBOc domain-containing protein |
81R | 89,035–89,313 (92) | Transcription elongation factor SII, zinc ribbon domain-containing protein |
82R | 89,442–89,915 (157) | Immediate early protein ICP-18 |
83R | 90,365–91,009 (214) | Cytosine DNA methyltransferase |
84R | 91,381–92,118 (245) | LCDV1-like proliferating cell nuclear antigen |
85R | 92,193–92,780 (195) | Putative deoxynucleoside kinase |
86L | 93,170–93,355 (61) | Hypothetical protein |
87L | 93,708–95,525 (605) | Hypothetical protein |
88R | 95,558–96,010 (150) | Putative Evrl-air-augmenter of liver regeneration; Erv1/Alr family FAD-linked sulfhydryl oxidase |
89R | 96,078–97,244 (388) | Hypothetical protein |
90R | 97,337–98,728 (463) | Major capsid protein |
91R | 98,852–100,039 (395) | Immediate early protein ICP-46 |
92R | 100,390–100,629 (79) | Hypothetical protein |
93L | 100,811–100,978 (55) | Hypothetical protein |
94L | 101,088–101,555 (155) | Similar to Regina ranavirus P8.141C protein; PDDEXK family nuclease domain |
95R | 101,648–102,739 (363) | Putative DNA repair protein RAD2, PIN (PilT N-terminus) domain, Xeroderma pigmentosum G N-region, helix-hairpin-helix |
96R | 103,541–104,212 (223) | Hypothetical surface protein |
97R | 104,295–104,708 (137) | Putative myeloid cell leukemia protein; transmembrane domain; MCL–1 region |
98R | 105,474–105,674 (67) | Hypothetical protein |
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© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Logan, S.R.; Vilaça, S.T.; Bienentreu, J.-F.; Schock, D.M.; Lesbarrères, D.; Brunetti, C.R. Isolation and Characterization of a Frog Virus 3 Strain from a Wood Frog (Rana sylvatica) in Wood Buffalo National Park. Viruses 2024, 16, 1411. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16091411
Logan SR, Vilaça ST, Bienentreu J-F, Schock DM, Lesbarrères D, Brunetti CR. Isolation and Characterization of a Frog Virus 3 Strain from a Wood Frog (Rana sylvatica) in Wood Buffalo National Park. Viruses. 2024; 16(9):1411. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16091411
Chicago/Turabian StyleLogan, Samantha R., Sibelle Torres Vilaça, Joe-Felix Bienentreu, Danna M. Schock, David Lesbarrères, and Craig R. Brunetti. 2024. "Isolation and Characterization of a Frog Virus 3 Strain from a Wood Frog (Rana sylvatica) in Wood Buffalo National Park" Viruses 16, no. 9: 1411. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16091411