Evaluating Molecular Mechanism of Viral Inhibition of Aerosolized Smart Nano-Enabled Antiviral Therapeutic (SNAT) on SARS-CoV-2-Infected Hamsters
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Cells and Virus
2.2. SNAT Synthesis and Characterization
2.3. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
2.4. Infection Assay Conducted Using Calu-3 Cells
2.5. SNAT Administration and Experiment
2.6. Preparation of Lung Tissues for Histology and Immunohistochemistry
2.7. RT-qPCR to Monitor Expression of Hamster IL-6
2.8. Whole Transcriptome Assay
2.9. Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay and Western Blotting
3. Results
3.1. Characterization of SNAT
3.2. SNAT Directly Interacts with SARS-CoV-2
3.3. SNAT-Induced Differential Expression of Circulatory miRNAs in Uninfected Hamsters
3.4. SNAT Promotes Recovery from SARS-CoV-2 Viral Infection by Altering Select Circulatory miRNAs in Hamsters
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
6. Patents
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Bauer, A.N.; Williams, J.F.; Pokhrel, L.R.; Garcia, S.; Majumdar, N.; Eells, J.B.; Cook, P.P.; Akula, S.M. Evaluating Molecular Mechanism of Viral Inhibition of Aerosolized Smart Nano-Enabled Antiviral Therapeutic (SNAT) on SARS-CoV-2-Infected Hamsters. Toxics 2024, 12, 495. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12070495
Bauer AN, Williams JF, Pokhrel LR, Garcia S, Majumdar N, Eells JB, Cook PP, Akula SM. Evaluating Molecular Mechanism of Viral Inhibition of Aerosolized Smart Nano-Enabled Antiviral Therapeutic (SNAT) on SARS-CoV-2-Infected Hamsters. Toxics. 2024; 12(7):495. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12070495
Chicago/Turabian StyleBauer, Anais N., John F. Williams, Lok R. Pokhrel, Selena Garcia, Niska Majumdar, Jeffrey B. Eells, Paul P. Cook, and Shaw M. Akula. 2024. "Evaluating Molecular Mechanism of Viral Inhibition of Aerosolized Smart Nano-Enabled Antiviral Therapeutic (SNAT) on SARS-CoV-2-Infected Hamsters" Toxics 12, no. 7: 495. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12070495