Analysis and Research on Experimental Process of Water Thermal Migration of Freeze–Thaw Cracked Rock Based on Particle Tracking Method and Thermal Imaging Technology
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Water and Heat Transfer Experimental Method
2.1. Key Technologies for Visualization of Water and Heat Transfer Experiments
2.2. Application of Particle Tracking Technology
2.3. Application of Thermal Imaging Technology
2.4. Application of Thermal Imaging Technology
- Cropping: It cuts the image according to the experimental requirements to maximize the amount of useful information in the picture frame;
- Adjusting parameters and highlighting of important information: Because it is difficult to optimize camera parameters directly in the process of image acquisition, in order to better obtain information from graphics, Photoshop and MATLAB are used to adjust the image parameters uniformly in the later stage, such as brightness, contrast, etc. This strengthens the parts that need to be highlighted in order to highlight useful information. For example, it makes the contrast between frozen ice and unfrozen water more obvious, and does not change the image structure. It is uniformly adjusted to ensure that the processing process of each image is consistent;
- Particle tracking and recording: It uses ImageJ software to cut the video, and then optimizes the parameters of each frame of image, adjusts the gray threshold, and makes the particles clearer. It uses software to limit the particle size, tracking range and filter the tracked particles. It records the motion path and speed of the selected particles in detail.
2.5. Tracking of Freezing and Thawing Process of Cracked Rock
3. Experimental Device System
3.1. Conventional Hydrothermal Migration Experimental Device
3.2. Hydrothermal Migration Measuring Device Based on Particle Tracking and Thermal Imaging Technology
4. Analysis of Water and Heat-Transfer Process
5. Conclusions
- It is a hydrothermal migration experimental device system used in this experiment, which combines a particle tracking method with thermal imaging technology. It can visually detect the hydrothermal migration process of cracked rock and crack water in real time. The device system can play an important role in the research of water and heat transfer. It is combined with image processing technology and can meet the requirements of water and heat transfer and other frost heaving related experimental research;
- It is based on the established device system, which intuitively describes the migration process of freezing front and the phase change process of free water in the fracture during the freezing and thawing process of water-bearing cracked rock. For rock crack water, the ice layers grow from the crack walls at both ends to the middle during the freezing process, until the ice layers at both ends squeeze each other. In the process of melting, the contact surface between the rock wall and the ice layer first melts, and then the “frozen line” between the ice layer and the ice layer begins to melt. When the rock wall and the ice layer completely melt, the ice sheet emerges from the water. It is the phase change process of the cracked rock water that can directly affect the stress state of cracked rock, which is of great significance to the study of frost heaving force under the influence of water and heat transfer;
- In this experiment, it is combined with thermal imaging technology to record the movement rate of particles in real time, so as to describe the movement speed of frozen front and the convection of free water in crack during the hydrothermal migration of cracked rock. The proposed experimental methods mainly include the real-time visual tracking of particle motion under freezing and thawing conditions and using image processing to explore more useful information in the image, so as to track the water–ice phase change process and the migration law of free water;
- In the crack of rocks, the micro-hydraulic field exhibits a certain regularity in response to temperature changes. During the freezing process, the flow velocity of the rock crack water decreases sharply, while the velocity tends to stabilize as the temperature gradient weakens. During the melting process, as the rock crack ice gradually melts, the free water in the crack increases gradually, and the water flow field shows a clear temperature orientation. As the temperature of the cracked rock rises to room temperature, the particle motion becomes turbulent.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Yang, G.; Liu, C.; Liu, H. Analysis and Research on Experimental Process of Water Thermal Migration of Freeze–Thaw Cracked Rock Based on Particle Tracking Method and Thermal Imaging Technology. Sustainability 2023, 15, 5658. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15075658
Yang G, Liu C, Liu H. Analysis and Research on Experimental Process of Water Thermal Migration of Freeze–Thaw Cracked Rock Based on Particle Tracking Method and Thermal Imaging Technology. Sustainability. 2023; 15(7):5658. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15075658
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Gengshe, Chong Liu, and Hui Liu. 2023. "Analysis and Research on Experimental Process of Water Thermal Migration of Freeze–Thaw Cracked Rock Based on Particle Tracking Method and Thermal Imaging Technology" Sustainability 15, no. 7: 5658. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15075658