Inhibitory Effect and Mechanism of Dill Seed Essential Oil on Neofusicoccum parvum in Chinese Chestnut
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Materials and Fungal Pathogens
2.2. Extraction and Characterization of DSEO
2.3. Effect of DSEO on Mycelial Growth
2.4. Effect of DSEO on Fungal Biomass
2.5. SEM Observation of the Effect of DSEO on Mycelial Morphology
2.6. Effect of DSEO on the Cell Wall Integrity
2.7. Determination of Cellulase Activity
2.8. Effect of DSEO Coating on the Membrane Integrity
2.9. Determination of Ergosterol Content
2.10. Assessment of Oxidative Stress in N. parvum
2.11. RNA-Sequencing
2.12. Verification of the Gene Expression Related to Key Pathways
2.13. Antifungal Efficacy of DSEO Fumigation In Vivo
2.14. The Effect of DSEO Emulsion on the Storage Period of Chestnut
2.15. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Yield Rate and Composition of DSEO
3.2. In Vitro Antifungal Effect of DSEO
3.3. Effect of DSEO on Mycelial Morphology
3.4. Effect of DSEO on Cell Wall Integrity
3.5. Effect of DSEO on Plasma Membrane Integrity
3.6. Effect of DSEO on the Oxidative Stress Response of N. parvum
3.7. Transcriptomic Analysis of N. parvum under DSEO Treatment
3.8. qRT-PCR Validation of Selected DEGs
3.9. Antifungal Efficacy of DSEO Fumigation In Vivo
3.10. DSEO Emulsion Extends the Storage Term of Chestnuts
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Gene Symbol | Gene Description | Forward Primer | Reverse Primer |
---|---|---|---|
UCRNP2_4935 (actin) | Internal reference gene | GGATGTGCAGGTCATCACAC | GACCACCGAGAAGAGCAAAG |
UCRNP2_3636 | phospholipid metabolic process | GATGCGGGAGTAGCCTGAC | CCCCAACCAAATCGGTAAGC |
UCRNP2_7284 | lipid metabolic process | AACTGGGATTAGCGGAAGCC | GACCTGATCAGCGAGCCTAC |
UCRNP2_618 | DNA metabolic process | GGAAGAGGGGCTGCTTTCTT | GTCCGGATTTGGTGGTCCAT |
UCRNP2_3521 | DNA binding | GGGGTCAATGTGGTCGAAGT | CCGAGAGGCCCTTTCAAACT |
UCRNP2_1635 | purine ribonucleotide binding | TCGACCGTCTCCTCTTCCTT | ACCGTTGCGTTCGAAGTAGT |
UCRNP2_5070 | cell cycle-yeast; cytoskeleton | ATGGCTACACCTCATCCACC | CATGAAGGTCGCCTCATTGTC |
UCRNP2_4946 | ribosome | AGAAGCGCAAGTCAGCTCAT | CAGAGTCACCTGAGAAGGCG |
UCRNP2_5346 | hypothetical protein | TCCTCCATCCGCTCTTCGTA | GGCGTTTCCGAGAACAACAC |
UCRNP2_548 | Amino acid and sugar metabolism | TGGTGGTTTGGAACAGCTTC | ATTGACGCCGGCACATCA |
UCRNP2_2698 | Fatty acid metabolism | GGTCTTGTCCTGGACTTCGG | CTTCGGCTCTAAGCTCCTCG |
UCRNP2_3670 | cytoskeleton (actin cytoskeleton) | TGGGGGATTACCAGATTGCG | TCCCACAGGTACACGCTAGA |
UCRNP2_4163 | cytoskeleton (cytoskeleton part) | GGATATCGCAGGGATGGCAA | GGTACGTCAGGCACTGTGAA |
UCRNP2_4320 | cytoskeleton | AAAACTTGCCGAGGAGAGGG | ATCGTTATCTCTGCCTGCCG |
UCRNP2_9195 | organelle | ATGGACTTGGACGCCAACAT | CGACCCAATCGGTCAAGCTA |
UCRNP2_9806 | non-membrane-bounded organelle | GTGGCTGACGAGGAGGAAAA | GTACTCCTCGAAGCCGATGG |
UCRNP2_2126 | structural constituent of ribosome | GACCAAGTTCAAGGTCCGCT | CCCATGAGTGTCGTGAGAGG |
Sample | Base Number | Clean Reads | Q30 (%) | GC Content (%) | Mapped Reads | Mapped Ratio (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK-0h-1 | 46714618 | 45152836 | 95.04 | 59.85 | 42847419 | 94.89 |
CK-0h-2 | 47740962 | 45556208 | 92.81 | 59.4 | 42973482 | 94.33 |
CK-0h-3 | 46182706 | 44575174 | 94.94 | 59.8 | 42355868 | 95.02 |
DSE0-1h-1 | 46699708 | 45752188 | 92.55 | 60.11 | 42753528 | 93.45 |
DSE0-1h-2 | 46274846 | 42891208 | 93.24 | 60.22 | 40365528 | 94.11 |
DSE0-1h-3 | 41420784 | 38231250 | 93.62 | 60.41 | 36136015 | 94.52 |
DSE0-2h-1 | 44093534 | 41476198 | 93.43 | 59.82 | 38946635 | 93.90 |
DSE0-2h-2 | 44771022 | 41943828 | 93.31 | 59.79 | 39277988 | 93.64 |
DSE0-2h-3 | 45907572 | 43027896 | 93.46 | 60.39 | 40713819 | 94.62 |
DSE0-3h-1 | 42078438 | 39608058 | 93.36 | 60.42 | 37505962 | 94.69 |
DSE0-3h-2 | 48817802 | 47684086 | 95.13 | 59.82 | 44991433 | 94.35 |
DSE0-3h-3 | 46233786 | 45365574 | 95.03 | 59.51 | 43080355 | 94.96 |
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Peak No. | RI a | Compound Name | Content (%) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 1041 | Limonene | 16.36 |
2 | 1218 | Dihydrocarvone | 17.90 |
3 | 1238 | Dihydrocarveol | 0.26 |
4 | 1246 | Carveol | 0.17 |
5 | 1255 | Neodihydrocarveol | 0.27 |
6 | 1272 | Carvone | 23.49 |
7 | 1549 | Myristicin | 0.32 |
8 | 1576 | Elemicin | 0.20 |
9 | 1652 | Apiole | 39.93 |
10 | 2358 | Tetracosanal | 0.73 |
All | 99.63 |
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Liu, T.-T.; Gou, L.-J.; Zeng, H.; Zhou, G.; Dong, W.-R.; Cui, Y.; Cai, Q.; Chen, Y.-X. Inhibitory Effect and Mechanism of Dill Seed Essential Oil on Neofusicoccum parvum in Chinese Chestnut. Separations 2022, 9, 296. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations9100296
Liu T-T, Gou L-J, Zeng H, Zhou G, Dong W-R, Cui Y, Cai Q, Chen Y-X. Inhibitory Effect and Mechanism of Dill Seed Essential Oil on Neofusicoccum parvum in Chinese Chestnut. Separations. 2022; 9(10):296. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations9100296
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Tian-Tian, Lin-Jing Gou, Hong Zeng, Gao Zhou, Wan-Rong Dong, Yu Cui, Qiang Cai, and Yu-Xin Chen. 2022. "Inhibitory Effect and Mechanism of Dill Seed Essential Oil on Neofusicoccum parvum in Chinese Chestnut" Separations 9, no. 10: 296. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations9100296