Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy Combined with Attention-Based LSTM for Freshness Evaluation of Shrimp
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (1)
- Use a line-scan Raman hyperspectral imaging system to collect shrimp scattering images and perform pre-processing and spectral analysis;
- (2)
- Build the LSTM layer to extract the shrimp tissue scattering features and chemical composition spectral features, use the attention layer to weight the output of the LSTM module, and train the model;
- (3)
- Validate the advantages of the attention-based LSTM model in assessing the freshness of in-shell shrimp by comparing different structures of attention-based LSTM and machine learning models.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Preparation
2.2. Instrument and Experiment
2.3. Scattering Image Preprocessing
2.4. Attention-Based LSTM Model
2.4.1. Model Structure
2.4.2. Parameter Setting and Running Environment
2.5. Model Comparison and Evaluation
3. Result and Discussion
3.1. Raman Spectra Analysis
3.2. Freshness Modeling Prediction Results
3.3. Validation of Model Structure Rationalization
3.4. Model Comparison Results
3.5. Analysis and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
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Layer | Input Shape | Units | Activation/Loss | Output Shape | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
LSTM | 200 × 11 | 21 | tanh | 200 × 21 | 2772 |
Attention | 200 × 21 | 50 | tanh | 50 | 2541 |
FC | 50 | 10 | ReLU | 10 | 510 |
Output | 10 | - | MSE | 1 | 11 |
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Liu, Z.; Yang, Y.; Huang, M.; Zhu, Q. Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy Combined with Attention-Based LSTM for Freshness Evaluation of Shrimp. Sensors 2023, 23, 2827. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052827
Liu Z, Yang Y, Huang M, Zhu Q. Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy Combined with Attention-Based LSTM for Freshness Evaluation of Shrimp. Sensors. 2023; 23(5):2827. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052827
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Zhenfang, Yu Yang, Min Huang, and Qibing Zhu. 2023. "Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy Combined with Attention-Based LSTM for Freshness Evaluation of Shrimp" Sensors 23, no. 5: 2827. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052827