A LoRaWAN Multi-Technological Architecture for Construction Site Monitoring
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Related Work
3. System Architecture
3.1. Overview of LoRaWAN
3.2. Proposed System
4. Developed Structure
4.1. Structural Node
4.2. Worker Tracker
4.3. Site Entrance Monitoring
4.4. LoRaWAN Gateways
4.5. Network Performances
4.6. Remote Monitoring Platform
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Work Reference | Node Type | Type of Data Obtaining Sensors and Peripherals Used | WSN Transmission Technology (Node to Gateway, Node to Node) |
---|---|---|---|
[29] | Outdoor, fixed mounting position | Accelerometer, inclinometer, and altitude sensor | GSM |
[32] | Indoor, mobile device | Camera, infrared sensor, proximity sensor, ultrasound sensor, and microphone | WiFi |
[35] | Indoor | BLE-based devices (RSSI) | BLE |
[36] | Indoor and outdoor, wearable device | BLE-based bracelet | BLE |
[37] | Indoor and outdoor, mobile device | Pulse sensor, accelerometer, temperature sensor, and GPS unit | FSK and OOK |
[39] | Indoor | ZigBee radio unit (RSSI) | ZigBee |
[41] | Indoor | ZigBee radio unit (RSSI) | Zigbee |
[42] | Outdoor | VHF-based devices (RSSI) | VHF radio |
[43] | Outdoor | BLE-based devices (RSSI) | BLE |
[44] | Outdoor | 916 MHz RF unit (RSSI) | FSK/ASK |
[45] | Indoor | RFID tags over WiFi (RSSI) | WiFi and RFID |
[46] | Outdoor, fixed mounting position | Magnetometer, accelerometer, and GPS position | LoRa |
[49] | Outdoor, fixed mounting position | Load sensor, tilt and angle sensor, displacement sensors, and wind speed sensor | ZigBee and 3G |
[50] | Indoor | BLE-based devices used as position sensors | BLE |
[51] | Outdoor, mobile devices | Strain sensors, RFID tags | LoRa and RFID |
[54] | Outdoor, fixed mounting position | Accelerometer, strain sensor, and GPS position | Bluetooth |
[55] | Outdoor, fixed mounting position | Tilt sensor and accelerometer | 2.4 GHz IEEE 802.15.4 |
[57] | Not specified | Accelerometer, displacement sensor, temperature sensor, and smoke sensor | ZigBee and GPRS |
[58] | Outdoor | Accelerometer | FSK/ASK |
[60] | Outdoor | Infrared cameras | ZigBee |
[61] | Indoor | Temperature sensors | ZigBee |
[62] | Outdoor | RFID tags and accelerometer | RFID and FSK/ASK |
This work | Outdoor and indoor, fixed mounting nodes and mobile devices | Accelerometer, environmental sensor, GPS position, and RFID tags | LoRa and RFID |
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Ragnoli, M.; Colaiuda, D.; Leoni, A.; Ferri, G.; Barile, G.; Rotilio, M.; Laurini, E.; De Berardinis, P.; Stornelli, V. A LoRaWAN Multi-Technological Architecture for Construction Site Monitoring. Sensors 2022, 22, 8685. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22228685
Ragnoli M, Colaiuda D, Leoni A, Ferri G, Barile G, Rotilio M, Laurini E, De Berardinis P, Stornelli V. A LoRaWAN Multi-Technological Architecture for Construction Site Monitoring. Sensors. 2022; 22(22):8685. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22228685
Chicago/Turabian StyleRagnoli, Mattia, Davide Colaiuda, Alfiero Leoni, Giuseppe Ferri, Gianluca Barile, Marianna Rotilio, Eleonora Laurini, Pierluigi De Berardinis, and Vincenzo Stornelli. 2022. "A LoRaWAN Multi-Technological Architecture for Construction Site Monitoring" Sensors 22, no. 22: 8685. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22228685