Review of Recent Metamaterial Microfluidic Sensors
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Qualification Parameters of Microfluidic Sensors
2. Metamaterial Based Microfluidic Sensors
2.1. Metamaterial Inspired Microfluidic Chemical Sensors Using Rigid Substrates
2.2. Metamaterial Inspired Microfluidic Chemical Sensors Using Flexible Substrates
2.3. Metamaterial Inspired Microfluidic Biosensors
3. Challenges and Strategies
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ref. # | Material | Permittivity εr | Loss Tangent tanδ | Frequency [GHz] |
---|---|---|---|---|
[9] | PMMA (Poly methyl methacrylate) | 3.2 | 0.02 | 3–4 |
[30] | PFA (perfluoralkoxy) | 2.1 | N/S | 3 |
[30] | Quartz | 3.8 | N/S | 3 |
[52] | PDMS | 2.5–2.7 | 0.01–0.04 | 2–3 |
[53] | PTFE—Teflon (polytetra-fluoroethylene) | 2.2 | 0.0002 | N/S |
[54] | Glass * | 5.27 | 0.003 | 0–10 |
Ref. # | fo [GHz] | Δf [MHz] | εa * | εwater ** | Savg [%] | MM Element | Analyte | Analyte Concentration | Flexible Substrate |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[7] | 3.5 | 270 | 5.08 | 73.77 | 7.51 | CSRR | Ethanol | 10‒90% | No |
[9] | 4 | 450 | 5.38 | 74.92 | 12.12 | MM patch | Ethanol | 0‒100% | Yes |
[30] ‡ | 3 | 47.4 | 5.99 | 75 | 1.72 | DSSR | Ethanol | 0‒100% | No |
[33] | 1.9 | 110 | 8 | 76.5 | 6.49 | SRR | Ethanol | 0‒100% | No |
[34] | 2.4 | 400 | 6.6 | 76.6 | 16.58 | CSRR | Ethanol | 10‒90% | No |
[35] | 11 | 1040 | 5 † | 60 | 10.32 | SRCR | Ethanol | 0‒100% | No |
[37] | 6.5 | 575 | 10 †† | 72 | 10.28 | OSRR | Methanol | 0‒100% | No |
[38] | 4.5 | 50 | 5.21 | 74.4 | 1.14 | SRR | Ethanol | 10‒95% | No |
[39] | 0.87 | 70 | 14 | 80 | 8.95 | SRR | Ethanol | 10‒90% | No |
[40] | 3 | 60 | 5.99 | 75 | 1.98 | SRR | Ethanol | 10‒90% | Yes |
[48] | 10 | 1140 | 5 † | 63.01 | 12.39 | SRCR | Ethanol | 0‒100% | Yes |
Ref. # | Biological Substances | Conductivity [S/m] | Permittivity εr |
---|---|---|---|
[61] | Fungi (Neurospora sitophila or Aspergillus niger) | N/S * | 8 |
[62] | Breast Phantom (20:80) @ 3 GHz | 0.91 | 12.13 |
[62] | Breast Tumor @ 3 GHz | 3.14 | 55.45 |
[74] | Fat | 0.03–0.06 | 5.9–6.6 |
[74] | Liver | 0.4–0.5 | 65–81 |
[74] | Wet Skin | 0.47–0.55 | 60–72 |
[75] | SW-620 cell line (colorectal cancerous cell) | 0.02 | N/S * |
[76] | U87 glial cells (cells in central nervous system) | 0.1 | 42 |
[28] | MRC-5 cell line (Human Lungs Fibroblast cells) | N/S * | 53 |
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Salim, A.; Lim, S. Review of Recent Metamaterial Microfluidic Sensors. Sensors 2018, 18, 232. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18010232
Salim A, Lim S. Review of Recent Metamaterial Microfluidic Sensors. Sensors. 2018; 18(1):232. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18010232
Chicago/Turabian StyleSalim, Ahmed, and Sungjoon Lim. 2018. "Review of Recent Metamaterial Microfluidic Sensors" Sensors 18, no. 1: 232. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18010232