Improving Pulse Rate Measurements during Random Motion Using a Wearable Multichannel Reflectance Photoplethysmograph
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Device Description and Experimental Setup
2.1.1. Sensor Description
2.1.2. Data Collection
2.2. Methodology
2.2.1. Motion Quantification
Multichannel Template Matching
Accelerometer Amplitude
Motion Frequency Differences
2.2.2. Pulse Rate Performance Metrics
3. Results
3.1. Time-Domain PPG Waveform Differences During Motion
3.2. Accelerometer Range of Motion
3.3. PPG Motion Frequency Differences
3.4. Multichannel Noise Level (MCNL)
3.5. PR Error During Motion
3.5.1. PR Performance Index (PI)
3.5.2. PR Accuracy
3.5.3. PR Precision
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
SpO2 | Arterial Blood Oxygen Saturation |
PR | Pulse rate |
PPG | Photoplethysmogram |
PD | Photodetector |
LED | Light emitting diode |
Acc | Accelerometer |
MA | Motion Artifact |
ANC | Adaptive Noise Cancellation |
PCA | Principle Component Analysis |
ICA | Independent Component Analysis |
SSA | Singular Spectral Analysis |
RMS | Root Mean Square |
SNR | Signal-to-Noise Ratio |
MPR | Mean Pulse rate |
PSD | Power Spectral Density |
MCNL | Multichannel Noise Level |
IR | Infrared |
RD | Red |
PI | Performance Index |
MC | Multichannel Estimate |
MCP | Multichannel Photoplethysmogram |
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Ch 1 | Ch 2 | Ch 3 | Ch 4 | Ch 5 | Ch 6 | Mean | Median | MC | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (all) | 57.8% | 56.2% | 53.3% | 54.9% | 56.4% | 57.9% | 48.8% | 55.6% | 66.4% |
Mean (excluding 21 and 31) | * 61.7% | * 59.9% | * 56.7% | * 58.5% | * 60.1% | * 61.7% | * 52.0% | * 59.2% | 70.9% |
Mean diff. | 9.24% | 11.02% | 14.15% | 12.35% | 10.78% | 9.15% | 18.85% | 11.66% | |
Std Err diff. | 3.05% | 3.39% | 4.94% | 4.99% | 3.98% | 2.53% | 4.56% | 3.55% |
Ch 1 | Ch 2 | Ch 3 | Ch 4 | Ch 5 | Ch 6 | Mean | Median | MC | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (all) | 9.7 | 9.5 | 10.2 | 9.6 | 9.4 | 9.6 | 9.3 | 9.0 | 7.7 |
Mean (excluding 21 and 31) | * 8.1 | * 8.0 | * 8.8 | * 8.1 | * 7.9 | * 8.1 | * 7.8 | * 7.5 | 6.1 |
Mean diff. | 2.0 | 1.9 | 2.7 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 1.3 | |
Std Err diff. | 1.0 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
Ch 1 | Ch 2 | Ch 3 | Ch 4 | Ch 5 | Ch 6 | Mean | Median | MC | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (all) | 5.7 | 6.4 | 7.3 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 5.7 | 5.4 | 5.8 | 5.7 |
Mean (excluding 21 and 31) | 5.6 | 6.3 | * 7.3 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 5.7 | 5.3 | 5.8 | 5.6 |
Mean diff. | 0.0 | 0.7 | 1.7 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.1 | −0.3 | 0.2 | |
Std Err diff. | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
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Warren, K.M.; Harvey, J.R.; Chon, K.H.; Mendelson, Y. Improving Pulse Rate Measurements during Random Motion Using a Wearable Multichannel Reflectance Photoplethysmograph. Sensors 2016, 16, 342. https://doi.org/10.3390/s16030342
Warren KM, Harvey JR, Chon KH, Mendelson Y. Improving Pulse Rate Measurements during Random Motion Using a Wearable Multichannel Reflectance Photoplethysmograph. Sensors. 2016; 16(3):342. https://doi.org/10.3390/s16030342
Chicago/Turabian StyleWarren, Kristen M., Joshua R. Harvey, Ki H. Chon, and Yitzhak Mendelson. 2016. "Improving Pulse Rate Measurements during Random Motion Using a Wearable Multichannel Reflectance Photoplethysmograph" Sensors 16, no. 3: 342. https://doi.org/10.3390/s16030342