Quantifying the Trends and Variations in the Frost-Free Period and the Number of Frost Days across China under Climate Change Using ERA5-Land Reanalysis Dataset
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data Collection
2.2.1. Reanalysis Dataset of ERA5-Land
2.2.2. Dataset for ERA5-Land Evaluation
2.3. Methods
2.3.1. Quantitative Criteria
2.3.2. Data Evaluation
2.3.3. Trend Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Performance of ERA5-Land
3.2. Spatial and Temporal Variation of Annual Mean Minimum Ts and Ta
3.2.1. Annual Mean Minimum Ts
3.2.2. Annual Mean Minimum Ta
3.3. Spatial and Temporal Variation of FFP
3.3.1. Spatial Distribution
3.3.2. Temporal Variations
3.4. Spatial and Temporal Variation of FD
3.4.1. Spatial Distribution
3.4.2. Temporal Variations
3.5. Regional Interannual Trends and Variations in FFP and FD
3.6. Regional Variation Differences in FFP and FD
4. Discussion
4.1. Uncertainty of ERA5-Land on the Quantification of FFP and FD
4.2. Effect of Variations in FFP and FD on Agriculture Production
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Li, H.; Liu, G.; Han, C.; Yang, Y.; Chen, R. Quantifying the Trends and Variations in the Frost-Free Period and the Number of Frost Days across China under Climate Change Using ERA5-Land Reanalysis Dataset. Remote Sens. 2022, 14, 2400. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14102400
Li H, Liu G, Han C, Yang Y, Chen R. Quantifying the Trends and Variations in the Frost-Free Period and the Number of Frost Days across China under Climate Change Using ERA5-Land Reanalysis Dataset. Remote Sensing. 2022; 14(10):2400. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14102400
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Hongyuan, Guohua Liu, Chuntan Han, Yong Yang, and Rensheng Chen. 2022. "Quantifying the Trends and Variations in the Frost-Free Period and the Number of Frost Days across China under Climate Change Using ERA5-Land Reanalysis Dataset" Remote Sensing 14, no. 10: 2400. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14102400