Collaborative Extraction of Paddy Planting Areas with Multi-Source Information Based on Google Earth Engine: A Case Study of Cambodia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data and Preprocessing
2.2.1. Remote Sensing Image Data
2.2.2. Multi-Source Land Cover Data
2.2.3. Other Auxiliary Data
2.3. Methods
2.3.1. Acquisition of Training Samples
2.3.2. Feature Extraction
2.3.3. Classification and Accuracy Evaluation
3. Results and Analysis
3.1. Paddy Extraction Results and Qualitative Evaluation
3.1.1. Spatial Distribution of Paddy Extraction Results
3.1.2. Comparative Analysis with Google Earth Images
3.1.3. Comparative Analysis with Sentinel-2 Images
3.2. Quantitative Evaluation
4. Discussion
4.1. Potential Sources of Uncertainty
4.2. Advantages of the GEE
4.3. Suggestions for Future Work on Paddy Mapping
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sensor | Sentinel-1 SAR (C) |
---|---|
Dates | 1 January 2015–31 December 2015 |
Scenes | 193 |
Pass direction | Ascending |
Polarization | VH |
Sensor | Sentinel-2 (MSI) |
---|---|
Dates | 1 April 2015–1 October 2015 (Cloud cover < 20%) 1 April 2016–1 October 2016 (Cloud cover < 20%) 1 April 2017–1 October 2017 (Cloud cover < 20%) |
Scenes | 624 |
Bands used | B3, B4, B8, B11 |
Type | Paddy | Other Cropland | Forest | Water Bodies | Shrubs/Grassland | Artificial Surfaces | Other Types |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total number of samples | 722 | 84 | 260 | 100 | 38 | 100 | 46 |
1350 |
Non-Paddy | Paddy | Total | |
---|---|---|---|
Non-paddy | 422 | 35 | 457 |
Paddy | 45 | 290 | 335 |
Total | 467 | 325 | 792 |
PA (%) | 90.36 | 89.23 | |
UA (%) | 92.34 | 86.57 | |
OA (%) | 89.90 | ||
Kappa | 0.792 |
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Kang, J.; Yang, X.; Wang, Z.; Huang, C.; Wang, J. Collaborative Extraction of Paddy Planting Areas with Multi-Source Information Based on Google Earth Engine: A Case Study of Cambodia. Remote Sens. 2022, 14, 1823. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14081823
Kang J, Yang X, Wang Z, Huang C, Wang J. Collaborative Extraction of Paddy Planting Areas with Multi-Source Information Based on Google Earth Engine: A Case Study of Cambodia. Remote Sensing. 2022; 14(8):1823. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14081823
Chicago/Turabian StyleKang, Junmei, Xiaomei Yang, Zhihua Wang, Chong Huang, and Jun Wang. 2022. "Collaborative Extraction of Paddy Planting Areas with Multi-Source Information Based on Google Earth Engine: A Case Study of Cambodia" Remote Sensing 14, no. 8: 1823. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14081823