Predicting Tropical Tree Species Richness from Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Time Series: The Devil Is Perhaps Not in the Detail
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Field Data
2.3. Remote Sensing and Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Statistics | SR (dbh ≥ 10 cm) | SR (dbh ≥ 40 cm) |
---|---|---|
Full time-series statistics | ||
15-year mean | 0.07 | −0.37 |
15-year median | 0.10 | −0.35 |
15-year variance | −0.51 * | 0.11 |
15-year 1st quartile | 0.16 | −0.36 |
15-year 3rd quartile | −0.01 | −0.29 |
15-year minimum | 0.19 | −0.51 * |
15-year maximum | −0.21 | −0.26 |
Seasonal statistics | ||
Wet season mean | −0.15 | −0.50 * |
Wet season median | −0.13 | −0.48 |
Wet season variance | −0.25 | 0.37 |
15-year 1st quartile | −0.17 | −0.58 * |
15-year 3rd quartile | −0.17 | −0.40 |
Wet season minimum | 0.17 | −0.53 * |
Wet season maximum | −0.23 | −0.28 |
Dry season mean | 0.29 | −0.15 |
Dry season median | 0.29 | −0.15 |
Dry season variance | −0.46 * | −0.00 |
15-year 1st quartile | 0.34 | −0.16 |
15-year 3rd quartile | 0.24 | −0.10 |
Dry season minimum | 0.38 | −0.31 |
Dry season maximum | 0.06 | −0.17 |
Annual statistics | ||
2002 mean | 0.52 * | 0.09 |
2002 variance | 0.04 | 0.25 |
2003 mean | 0.25 | −0.21 |
2003 variance | −0.13 | 0.09 |
2004 mean | 0.18 | −0.25 |
2004 variance | −0.59 * | 0.02 |
2005 mean | −0.04 | −0.36 |
2005 variance | −0.19 | 0.05 |
2006 mean | −0.04 | −0.41 |
2006 variance | −0.35 | 0.07 |
2007 mean | 0.16 | −0.24 |
2007 variance | −0.01 | −0.19 |
2008 mean | 0.08 | −0.46 |
2008 variance | 0.08 | 0.19 |
2009 mean | −0.07 | −0.37 |
2009 variance | −0.04 | 0.55 * |
2010 mean | −0.05 | −0.31 |
2010 variance | −0.56 * | −0.23 |
2011 mean | 0.07 | −0.27 |
2011 variance | −0.56 * | −0.10 |
2012 mean | −0.24 | −0.66 ** |
2012 variance | 0.16 | 0.19 |
2013 mean | 0.03 | −0.23 |
2013 variance | −0.39 | −0.10 |
2014 mean | 0.24 | −0.27 |
2014 variance | −0.36 | −0.11 |
2015 mean | 0.09 | −0.17 |
2015 variance | −0.00 | 0.14 |
2016 mean | 0.01 | −0.41 |
2016 variance | −0.31 | 0.34 |
2017 mean | −0.13 | −0.55 * |
2017 variance | −0.47 * | 0.11 |
Monthly statistics | ||
January mean | −0.16 | −0.49 |
January variance | −0.12 | 0.47 |
February mean | −0.32 | −0.59 * |
February variance | 0.02 | 0.40 |
March mean | −0.37 | −0.61 * |
March variance | 0.16 | 0.39 |
April mean | −0.20 | −0.52 * |
April variance | 0.10 | 0.20 |
May mean | 0.03 | −0.33 |
May variance | −0.00 | 0.03 |
June mean | 0.23 | −0.13 |
June variance | −0.23 | 0.14 |
July mean | 0.35 | −0.05 |
July variance | −0.44 | 0.44 |
August mean | 0.37 | −0.06 |
August variance | −0.39 | 0.19 |
September mean | 0.35 | −0.09 |
September variance | −0.51 * | −0.09 |
October mean | 0.27 | −0.17 |
October variance | −0.54 * | −0.06 |
November mean | 0.16 | −0.24 |
November variance | −0.35 | 0.28 |
December mean | −0.00 | −0.36 |
December variance | −0.22 | 0.48 |
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Plot | Elevation (m) | SR (dbh ≥ 10 cm) | SR (dbh ≥ 40 cm) | Data Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
Amos | 486 | 94 | 7 | [26] |
Aoupinie | 884 | 87 | 29 | [26] |
Arago | 488 | 110 | 16 | [26] |
Ateou | 780 | 88 | 17 | [26] |
Bouirou | 533 | 103 | 10 | [26] |
Jieve | 370 | 98 | 14 | [26] |
Foret Persan | 435 | 99 | NA | [24] |
Foret Plate 9 | 508 | 91 | 9 | IAC/UMR AMAP |
Foret Plate 12 | 513 | 100 | 10 | [26] |
Foret Plate 17 | 454 | 63 | 3 | IAC/UMR AMAP |
Foret Plate 26 | 485 | 65 | 5 | IAC/UMR AMAP |
Gohapin | 272 | 41 | 4 | IAC/UMR AMAP |
Grand Lac | 273 | 97 | 21 | IAC/UMR AMAP |
Koumac | 45 | 31 | 9 | IAC/UMR AMAP |
La Guen | 573 | 79 | 6 | [26] |
Riviere Bleue Alluvions | 159 | 103 | NA | [25] |
Riviere Bleue Pente | 176 | 131 | NA | [25] |
Tiwae | 244 | 99 | 2 | [26] |
Wekori | 62 | 74 | 3 | IAC/UMR AMAP |
Statistics | SR (dbh ≥ 10 cm) | SR (dbh ≥ 40 cm) |
---|---|---|
Full time-series statistics | ||
15-year mean | 0.13 | −0.47 |
15-year median | 0.21 | 0.16 |
15-year variance | −0.20 | −0.42 |
15-year 1st quartile | 0.16 | 0.15 |
15-year 3rd quartile | 0.23 | 0.10 |
15-year minimum | −0.01 | −0.45 |
15-year maximum | −0.52 * | 0.00 |
Seasonal statistics | ||
Wet season mean | −0.05 | −0.66 ** |
Wet season median | 0.01 | 0.15 |
Wet season variance | −0.01 | 0.61 * |
15-year 1st quartile | −0.06 | 0.07 |
15-year 3rd quartile | 0.07 | 0.06 |
Wet season minimum | −0.02 | −0.61 * |
Wet season maximum | −0.45 | 0.01 |
Dry season mean | 0.29 | −0.21 |
Dry season median | 0.34 | 0.17 |
Dry season variance | −0.28 | 0.24 |
15-year 1st quartile | 0.31 | 0.21 |
15-year 3rd quartile | 0.36 | 0.16 |
Dry season minimum | 0.01 | −0.33 |
Dry season maximum | −0.51 * | 0.01 |
Annual statistics | ||
2002 mean | 0.51 * | 0.19 |
2002 variance | −0.10 | 0.16 |
2003 mean | 0.15 | 0.22 |
2003 variance | 0.31 | 0.16 |
2004 mean | 0.47 * | 0.28 |
2004 variance | −0.34 | −0.28 |
2005 mean | −0.06 | 0.02 |
2005 variance | −0.05 | −0.25 |
2006 mean | 0.37 | 0.13 |
2006 variance | −0.44 | −0.14 |
2007 mean | 0.34 | 0.10 |
2007 variance | 0.13 | 0.37 |
2008 mean | −0.02 | −0.00 |
2008 variance | 0.21 | 0.45 |
2009 mean | 0.13 | 0.09 |
2009 variance | 0.09 | −0.14 |
2010 mean | 0.12 | 0.15 |
2010 variance | 0.47 * | 0.07 |
2011 mean | 0.23 | 0.24 |
2011 variance | −0.04 | 0.04 |
2012 mean | −0.06 | 0.11 |
2012 variance | 0.24 | 0.20 |
2013 mean | −0.11 | −0.11 |
2013 variance | 0.28 | 0.27 |
2014 mean | 0.12 | 0.23 |
2014 variance | 0.36 | −0.14 |
2015 mean | 0.18 | 0.02 |
2015 variance | −0.05 | 0.07 |
2016 mean | 0.20 | −0.04 |
2016 variance | −0.03 | −0.11 |
2017 mean | 0.14 | −0.13 |
2017 variance | −0.08 | 0.07 |
Monthly statistics | ||
January mean | −0.06 | −0.62 * |
January variance | −0.19 | 0.48 |
February mean | −0.13 | −0.72 ** |
February variance | 0.02 | 0.65 ** |
March mean | −0.21 | −0.78 *** |
March variance | 0.23 | 0.71 ** |
April mean | −0.06 | −0.68 ** |
April variance | 0.26 | 0.65 ** |
May mean | 0.06 | −0.58 * |
May variance | 0.32 | 0.60 * |
June mean | 0.24 | −0.36 |
June variance | 0.36 | 0.59 * |
July mean | 0.35 | −0.17 |
July variance | 0.39 | 0.53 * |
August mean | 0.21 | −0.17 |
August variance | −0.27 | 0.21 |
September mean | 0.16 | −0.11 |
September variance | −0.31 | 0.20 |
October mean | 0.30 | −0.15 |
October variance | −0.34 | 0.21 |
November mean | 0.24 | −0.28 |
November variance | −0.37 | 0.27 |
December mean | 0.08 | −0.47 |
December variance | −0.32 | 0.37 |
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Pouteau, R.; Gillespie, T.W.; Birnbaum, P. Predicting Tropical Tree Species Richness from Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Time Series: The Devil Is Perhaps Not in the Detail. Remote Sens. 2018, 10, 698. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10050698
Pouteau R, Gillespie TW, Birnbaum P. Predicting Tropical Tree Species Richness from Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Time Series: The Devil Is Perhaps Not in the Detail. Remote Sensing. 2018; 10(5):698. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10050698
Chicago/Turabian StylePouteau, Robin, Thomas W. Gillespie, and Philippe Birnbaum. 2018. "Predicting Tropical Tree Species Richness from Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Time Series: The Devil Is Perhaps Not in the Detail" Remote Sensing 10, no. 5: 698. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10050698