Enzyme Initiated Radical Polymerizations
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Mechanism(s) of Enzyme Initiated Radical Polymerizations
2.1. Peroxidase-Initiated Polymerizations
2.2. Laccase-Initiated Polymerization
2.3. Laccase-/Peroxidase-Mediator-Systems (LMS/PMS)
2.4. Other Enzyme Systems/Miscellaneous
3. Controlling the Structure of the Polymers
3.1. Controlling Vinyl Polymerization
Initiator | Yield [%] | MW [×10−3 g·mol−1] | PD |
---|---|---|---|
Styrene polymerization [47] | |||
| 17 | 27 | 2.1 |
| 59 | 68 | 2.0 |
| 14 | 80 | 2.0 |
| 14 | 97 | 2.2 |
| 14 | 57 | 1.6 |
Acrylamide polymerization [48] | |||
| 93 | 124 | 2.5 |
| 84 | 56 | 2.9 |
| 76 | 5 | 4.4 |
| 72 | 27 | 3.3 |
| 78 | 85 | 2.7 |
| 38 | 10.5 | 3.9 |
3.2. Controlling Polymerization of Aromatics
3.2.1. Cosolvents
3.2.2. Templates
3.2.3. Substrate Engineering
4. Selected Examples
4.1. Polyphenols
monomer | catalyst | reference |
---|---|---|
| HRP | [120] |
laccase | [121] | |
Quercitin | ||
| laccase | [122,123,124] |
Catechin | ||
| laccase | [125,126] |
Esculin | ||
| laccase | [127,128] |
Rutin | ||
| laccase | [129] |
Epigallocatechin |
4.2. Polymer Modification
4.3. Artificial Urushi
4.4. Selected Examples for Chemoselective Polymerization
4.5. Phenol Detoxification
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
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Hollmann, F.; Arends, I.W.C.E. Enzyme Initiated Radical Polymerizations. Polymers 2012, 4, 759-793. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym4010759
Hollmann F, Arends IWCE. Enzyme Initiated Radical Polymerizations. Polymers. 2012; 4(1):759-793. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym4010759
Chicago/Turabian StyleHollmann, Frank, and Isabel W. C. E. Arends. 2012. "Enzyme Initiated Radical Polymerizations" Polymers 4, no. 1: 759-793. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym4010759