An Outer Membrane Vesicle-Adjuvanted Oral Vaccine Protects Against Lethal, Oral Salmonella Infection
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. OMV-Adjuvanted Inactivated S. Typhimurium Vaccine Protects Against Lethal, Oral Challenge with S. Typhimurium
2.2. Oral Immunization with OMV-Adjuvanted Inactivated S. Typhimurium Vaccine Induces Neutralizing Systemic and Mucosal Antibodies
2.3. The Salmonella-Specific CD4 T-Cell Responses Increase in Spleen and MLNs after Oral Immunization
2.4. Antigen-Specific B Cells Increase and Isotype Switch Following Oral Immunization with the Combination of Heat-Killed Salmonella and B. pseudomallei OMVs
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Ethics Statement
4.2. Bacterial Strains
4.3. Mice and Immunizations
4.4. Burkholderia pseudomallei Outer Membrane Vesicle Purification
4.5. Antibody ELISAs
4.6. Opsonophagocytosis Assay for Macrophage Survival
4.7. Single-Cell Suspension Generation, MHC-II Tetramer Staining, Magnetic Assisted Cell Sorting, Flow Cytometry
4.8. Single-Cell Suspension Generation, B-Cell Tetramer Staining, Magnetic Assisted Cell Sorting, Flow Cytometry
4.9. Statistical Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Harrell, J.E.; Kurtz, J.R.; Bauer, D.L.; Prior, J.T.; Gellings, P.S.; Morici, L.A.; McLachlan, J.B. An Outer Membrane Vesicle-Adjuvanted Oral Vaccine Protects Against Lethal, Oral Salmonella Infection. Pathogens 2021, 10, 616. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10050616
Harrell JE, Kurtz JR, Bauer DL, Prior JT, Gellings PS, Morici LA, McLachlan JB. An Outer Membrane Vesicle-Adjuvanted Oral Vaccine Protects Against Lethal, Oral Salmonella Infection. Pathogens. 2021; 10(5):616. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10050616
Chicago/Turabian StyleHarrell, Jaikin E., Jonathan R. Kurtz, David L. Bauer, J. Timothy Prior, Patrick S. Gellings, Lisa A. Morici, and James B. McLachlan. 2021. "An Outer Membrane Vesicle-Adjuvanted Oral Vaccine Protects Against Lethal, Oral Salmonella Infection" Pathogens 10, no. 5: 616. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10050616