Racial and Ethnic Differences in Eating Duration and Meal Timing: Findings from NHANES 2011–2018
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Measures
2.2. Statistical Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | n | Frequency | Weighted % |
---|---|---|---|
Gender Male Female | 13,084 | 6289 6795 | 47 53 |
Race and Ethnicity Mexican American Non-Hispanic Asian Non-Hispanic Black Non-Hispanic White Other Hispanic Other Race | 13,084 | 1328 1447 3127 5501 1195 486 | 6.3 4.4 11.1 69.7 5.2 3.3 |
Age 20–39 40–59 60+ | 13,084 | 4316 4460 4308 | 33.3 38 28.7 |
Education 9th–11th grade High School and GED Some College College and above | 13,084 | 1750 3155 4408 3771 | 9.5 22.5 33.7 34.3 |
Marital Status Married Widowed Divorced Separated Never married Living with partner | 13,084 | 6668 907 1494 407 2559 1044 | 56.1 5.3 10.6 2.2 18.1 7.7 |
BMI Underweight Normal weight Overweight Obese | 13,084 | 208 3497 4121 5136 | 1.5 26.9 32.4 39.2 |
n | Mean | Range | |
Mean first meal (hrs.) | 13,084 | 7.91 | 5–22.50 |
Mean last meal (hrs.) | 13,084 | 21.13 | 10.0–28.96 |
Mean eating duration (hrs.) | 13,084 | 13.22 | 0–23.87 |
Mean total energy (kcal) | 13,084 | 2083.54 | 96.50–10025 |
First Meal (h) | Last Meal (h) | Eating Duration (h) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Estimate (SE) | 95% CI | Estimate (SE) | 95% CI | Estimate (SE) | 95% CI |
Race and Ethnicity White (Ref) Mexican American Non-Hispanic Asian Non-Hispanic Black Other Hispanic Other Race/Biracial | 0.39 (0.07) 0.25 (0.07) 0.76 (0.05) 0.34 (0.07) 0.24 (0.11) | 0.26–0.53 a 0.12–0.39 b 0.65–0.86 a 0.20–0.48 a 0.03–0.45 c | −0.21 (0.09) 0.41(0.09) −0.05 (0.08) −0.03 (0.08) 0.04 (0.17) | -0.39–0.03 c 0.23–0.58 a −0.21–0.10 −0.16–0.15 −0.30–0.39 | −0.60 (0.11) 0.15 (0.12) −0.81 (0.10) −0.34 (0.11) −0.20 (0.21) | −0.82–−0.38 a −0.08–0.39 −1.01–−0.61 a −0.56–−0.13 b −0.62–0.23 |
Gender Male (Ref) Female | −0.05 (0.04) | −0.13–0.04 | −0.02 (0.06) a | −0.15–−0.10 | 0.02 (0.07) | −0.12–−0.16 |
Age, years 20–39 (Ref) 40–59 60+ | −0.55 (0.05) −0.48 (0.05) | −0.65–−0.45 a −0.59–−0.36 a | 0.13 (0.07) 0.07 (0.09) | −0.003–0.27 −0.11–0.25 | 0.68 (0.09) 0.55 (0.10) | 0.50–0.86 a 0.35–0.75 a |
Educational status College and above (Ref) Some College High School and GED 9th–11th grade | 0.02 (0.04) 0.10 (0.05) 0.30 (0.07) | −0.06–0.11 −0.04–0.21 0.17–0.44 a | 0.02 (0.07) −0.03 (0.09) −0.01 (0.09) | −0.12–−0.16 −0.21–0.15 −0.20–−0.17 | −0.01 (0.09) −0.13 (0.11) −0.33 (0.11) | −0.18–0.16 −0.35–−0.09 −0.32–−0.11 b |
Marital Status Married (Ref) Widowed Divorced Separated Never married Living with a partner | −0.005 (0.06) 0.13 (0.07) 0.45 (0.13) 0.57 (0.05) 0.40 (0.06) | −0.12–0.13 −0.002–0.26 0.18–0.72 b 0.47–0.67 a 0.26–0.53 a | 0.09 (0.14) 0.22 (0.12) 0.20 (0.21) 0.25 (0.08) 0.34 (0.11) | −0.20–0.37 −0.01–0.45 −0.22–0.61 0.09–0.41 b 0.11–0.56 b | 0.08 (0.17) 0.09 (0.12) −0.26 (0.22) −0.32 (0.10) −0.06 (0.14) | −0.26–0.42 −0.15–0.33 −0.70–0.19 −0.51–−0.13 b −0.34–0.21 |
BMI (kg/m2) Normal weight (Ref) Underweight Overweight Obese | 0.42 (0.16) −0.02 (0.05) 0.03 (0.05) | 0.10–0.74 b −0.11–0.08 −0.07–0.13 | 0.24 (0.27) −0.05 (0.07) −0.03 (0.07) | −0.31–0.78 −0.18–0.09 −0.17–0.12 | −0.18 (0.32) −0.03 (0.08) −0.06 (0.09) | −0.83–0.47 −0.19–0.14 −0.24–0.13 |
R2 | 0.10 | 0.04 | 0.07 |
First Meal (h) | Last Meal (h) | Eating Duration (h) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Estimate (SE) | 95% CI | Estimate (SE) | 95% CI | Estimate (SE) | 95% CI | |
One weekend One weekday | Race and Ethnicity White (Ref) Mexican American Non-Hispanic Asian Non-Hispanic Black Other Hispanic Other Race/Biracial | 0.28 (0.09) 0.22 (0.10) 0.71 (0.08) 0.27 (0.09) −0.03 (0.15) | 0.10–0.45 b 0.20–0.42 b 0.54–0.88 a 0.08–0.46 b −0.34–0.28 | −0.23 (0.09) 0.46 (0.12) −0.06 (0.09) 0.12 (0.11) 0.02 (0.19) | −0.43–0.03 c 0.21–0.71 b −0.25–0.12 −0.10–0.35 −0.36–0.40 | −0.51 (0.14) 0.24 (0.17) −0.77 (0.13) −0.15 (0.15) 0.05 (0.29) | −0.78–−0.24 a −0.10–0.58 −1.03–−0.51 a −0.45–−0.16 −0.54–0.64 |
Two Weekdays | Race and Ethnicity White (Ref) Mexican American Non-Hispanic Asian Non-Hispanic Black Other Hispanic Other Race/Biracial | 0.54 (0.09) 0.29 (0.07) 0.84 (0.07) 0.43 (0.10) 0.57 (0.11) | 0.35–0.73 a 0.14–0.44 a 0.70–0.97 a 0.23–0.63 a 0.25–0.89 a | −0.19 (0.16) 0.32 (0.14) −0.07 (0.11) −0.18 (0.13) 0.04 (0.27) | −0.51–0.13 0.04–0.60 b −0.28–0.14 −0.44–0.08 −0.50–0.58 | −0.73 (0.19) 0.03 (0.13) −0.91 (0.13) −0.61 (0.15) −0.54 (0.26) | 1.10–−0.35 a −0.26–0.31 −1.16–−0.65 a −0.92–−0.30 a −1.06–−0.01 c |
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Ansu Baidoo, V.Y.; Zee, P.C.; Knutson, K.L. Racial and Ethnic Differences in Eating Duration and Meal Timing: Findings from NHANES 2011–2018. Nutrients 2022, 14, 2428. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122428
Ansu Baidoo VY, Zee PC, Knutson KL. Racial and Ethnic Differences in Eating Duration and Meal Timing: Findings from NHANES 2011–2018. Nutrients. 2022; 14(12):2428. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122428
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnsu Baidoo, Velarie Y., Phyllis C. Zee, and Kristen L. Knutson. 2022. "Racial and Ethnic Differences in Eating Duration and Meal Timing: Findings from NHANES 2011–2018" Nutrients 14, no. 12: 2428. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122428