Human Milk Exosomal MicroRNA: Associations with Maternal Overweight/Obesity and Infant Body Composition at 1 Month of Life
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Study Procedures
2.2. Exosome Isolation and miRNA Analysis
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Clinical Characteristics of Mother-Infant Dyads
3.2. Maternal Overweight/Obesity Decreases Abundance of miRNAs at 1-Month of Lactation
3.3. Relationship between miRNA Abundance and Infant Anthropometric Measures
- (a)
- MiRNAs sampled at 1-month were associated with infant anthropometrics at 1 month
- (b)
- MiRNAs sampled at 3 months were not associated with infant anthropometrics at 3 and 6 months
3.4. Levels of miR-148a and miR-30b Differ at 1 and 3 Months Post-Partum
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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NW (N = 30) | OW/Obese (N = 30) | p Value 2 | |
---|---|---|---|
Mothers | |||
Age | 29.9 ± 4 | 29.5 ±5 | 0.691 |
Race, % white | 87 | 83 | 0.553 |
Pre-pregnancy BMI, kg/m2 | 22 ± 1.8 | 31.6 ± 7.3 | <0.0001 |
Gestational weight gain, kg | 12.9 ± 5.6 | 10.6 ± 8.7 | 0.219 |
Weight loss 1 to 3 months, kg | 1.4 ± 1.6 | 0.6 ± 3.6 | 0.318 |
Weight loss 3 to 6 months, kg | 1.7 ± 1.9 | 1.2 ± 4.8 | 0.621 |
Weight loss 1 to 6 months, kg | 3.7 ± 3.7 | 1.8 ± 6.0 | 0.194 |
Infants | |||
Sex, % males | 53 | 53 | 1.000 |
Birth weight, kg | 3.53 ± 0.4 | 3.74 ± 0.5 | 0.094 |
Gestational age (weeks) | 39.26 ± 0.4 | 38.64 ± 0.9 | 0.887 |
Exclusively breast fed at 3months, % | 100 | 90.91 | 0.003 |
Exclusively breast fed at 6months, % | 63.33 | 60 | 0.240 |
1-month infant anthropometrics and body composition 3 | |||
Weight, kg | 4.62 ± 0.64 | 4.56 ± 0.77 | 0.754 |
% Body fat | 17.17 ± 6.13 | 17.55 ± 5.40 | 0.804 |
Fat mass, kg | 0.80 ± 0.34 | 0.82 ± 0.33 | 0.822 |
Fat free mass, kg | 3.80 ± 0.47 | 3.77 ± 0.61 | 0.819 |
3-month infant anthropometrics and body composition 3 | |||
Weight, kg | 6.10 ± 0.63 | 6.21 ± 1.10 | 0.635 |
% Body fat | 23.6 ± 5.20 | 22.70 ± 6.20 | 0.607 |
Fat mass, kg | 1.50 ± 0.40 | 1.50 ± 0.60 | 0.881 |
Fat free mass, kg | 4.60 ± 0.40 | 4.80 ± 0.70 | 0.320 |
6-month infant anthropometrics and body composition 4 | |||
Weight, kg | 7.58 ± 0.66 | 8.08 ± 1.35 | 0.099 |
% Body fat | 33.24 ± 3.22 | 34.89 ± 3.30 | 0.097 |
Fat mass, kg | 2.58 ± 0.375 | 2.81 ± 0.77 | 0.196 |
Fat free mass, kg | 5.00 ± 0.84 | 5.22 ± 0.692 | 0.368 |
miR-148a | miR-29a | miR-29b | miR-30b | miR-let-7a | miR-32 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1-month outcomes 1 (N = 60, all infants) | ||||||
Weight | −0.616 * | 0.327 | −0.008 | 0.616 ** | −0.027 | −0.386 * |
% Body Fat | −4.807 | 0.827 | −1.795 | 5.624 * | −0.890 | −0.580 |
Fat Mass (kg) | −0.291 * | 0.089 | −0.087 | 0.374 * | −0.044 | −0.093 |
Fat Free Mass (kg) | −0.352 * | 0.242 | 0.059 | 0.257 | 0.004 | −0.274 |
3-month outcomes 1 (N = 60, all infants) | ||||||
Weight | −0.175 | 0.108 | −0.182 | 0.640 * | −0.511 | −0.120 |
% Body Fat | −1.140 | 0.277 | −3.691 | 3.023 | −1.826 | 2.228 |
Fat Mass (kg) | −0.081 | 0.040 | −0.248 | 0.275 | −0.221 | 0.119 |
Fat Free Mass (kg) | −0.184 | 0.046 | 0.241 | 0.335 | −0.294 | −0.290 |
6-month outcomes 2 (N = 60, all infants) | ||||||
Weight | 0.209 | 0.475 | −0.423 | −0.256 | −0.165 | −0.118 |
% Body Fat | 2.938 | 0.218 | −1.462 | −0.922 | 0.307 | −0.219 |
Fat Mass (kg) | 0.415 | 0.305 | −0.224 | −0.265 | 0.016 | −0.306 |
Fat Free Mass (kg) | 0.494 | 0.466 | −0.036 | −0.572 | 0.375 | −0.385 |
Weight Gain 0–6 Months | −0.051 | 0.294 | −0.535 | 0.385 | −0.314 | 0.039 |
6-month outcomes 2 (N = 37, exclusive breastfeeding infants only) | ||||||
Weight | 0.550 | 0.544 | −0.865 | −0.480 | −0.372 | 0.044 |
% body fat | 5.576 * | −1.268 | −0.711 | −2.950 | 0.296 | 0.884 |
FM | 0.953 * | −0.337 | 0.137 | −0.785 * | 0.050 | 0.262 |
FFM | 1.250 | −0.053 | 0.996 | −1.463 * | 0.676 | −0.413 |
Weight Gain 0–6 Months | 0.816 | −0.154 | −0.081 | −0.474 | −0.506 | 0.304 |
miR-148a | miR-30b | miR-let-7a | |
---|---|---|---|
3-month outcomes 1 (N = 48, all infants) | |||
Weight | −0.191 | 0.136 | −0.083 |
% Body Fat | −1.76 | 2.310 | −1.307 |
Fat Mass (kg) | −0.130 | 0.123 | −0.062 |
Fat Free Mass (kg) | −0.161 | 0.041 | −0.057 |
6-month outcomes 2 (N = 48, all infants) | |||
Weight | −0.227 | −0.087 | 0.043 |
% Body Fat | 0.062 | −0.276 | 0.406 |
Fat Mass (kg) | −0.322 | 0.170 | −0.186 |
Fat Free Mass (kg) | 0.165 | −0.100 | 0.040 |
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Shah, K.B.; Chernausek, S.D.; Garman, L.D.; Pezant, N.P.; Plows, J.F.; Kharoud, H.K.; Demerath, E.W.; Fields, D.A. Human Milk Exosomal MicroRNA: Associations with Maternal Overweight/Obesity and Infant Body Composition at 1 Month of Life. Nutrients 2021, 13, 1091. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041091
Shah KB, Chernausek SD, Garman LD, Pezant NP, Plows JF, Kharoud HK, Demerath EW, Fields DA. Human Milk Exosomal MicroRNA: Associations with Maternal Overweight/Obesity and Infant Body Composition at 1 Month of Life. Nutrients. 2021; 13(4):1091. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041091
Chicago/Turabian StyleShah, Kruti B., Steven D. Chernausek, Lori D. Garman, Nathan P. Pezant, Jasmine F. Plows, Harmeet K. Kharoud, Ellen W. Demerath, and David A. Fields. 2021. "Human Milk Exosomal MicroRNA: Associations with Maternal Overweight/Obesity and Infant Body Composition at 1 Month of Life" Nutrients 13, no. 4: 1091. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041091