Isoflavone Supplements for Menopausal Women: A Systematic Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Terminology
2.1. Isoflavones (Genistin, Daidzin), Genistein, Daidzein
2.2. Equol
3. Effects of Isoflavones on Menopausal Syndromes and Others
3.1. Hot Flashes
3.2. Bone Mineral Density
3.3. Cardiovascular Profile
3.4. Metabolic Syndrome
3.5. Cancer Risk
3.6. Female Urogenital Tract
3.7. Cognition
3.8. Side Effects
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Studies (Ref. No.) | Study Design | Contents | Main Results |
---|---|---|---|
Hot flashes | |||
[23] St Germain | RCT | soy | no difference |
[24] Tice | RCT | isoflavone tablets | no difference |
[25] Cancellieri | RCT | isoflavone from herbal supplement | isoflavones more effective than placebo |
[26] Cheng | prospective study | isoflavones extracted from soya bean | isoflavones more effective than placebo |
[9] Welty | RCT, crossover | soy nut | soy more effective than placebo |
[27] Thomas | systematic review | natural vs. synthetic isoflavones | synthetic or combination isoflavones more effective than natural soy |
[28] Washburn | randomized crossover trial | soy protein | soy protein more effective than placebo |
[29] Khaodhiar | RCT | daidzein-rich isoflavone aglycones | daidzein-rich isoflavone aglycones more effective than placebo |
[30] Cianci | observational prospective study | calcium, vitamin D3, inulin, soy isoflavones | soy supplement + inulin effective |
[31] Carmignani | RCT | soy vs. HRT | HRT more effective than soy; both are superior to placebo |
[32] Bolanos-Dıaz | meta-analysis | soy extracts vs. HRT | HRT more effective than soy extracts; both are superior to placebo |
[33] Amato | multicenter RCT | aglycone hypocotyl soy isoflavone | no difference |
[34] Daily | systematic review, meta-analysis | soy isoflavone and equol | equol or isoflavone in equol-producers more effective than placebo |
[19] Newton | observational study | equol-producer status | soy in equol-producers more effective than non-producers |
[12] Lambert | RCT | red clover extracts | red clover extracts more effective than placebo |
BMD | |||
[36] Ma | meta-analysis | isoflavone | increase spinal BMD |
[33] Amato | multicenter RCT | aglycone hypocotyl soy isoflavone | slow BMD loss |
[35] Lambert | systematic review and meta-analysis | isoflavone aglycone | preserve BMD |
CV | |||
[37] van der Schouw | prospective study | food phytoestrogens | low dose phytoestrogen not protective |
[38] Nestel | randomized crossover trial | purified soybean extract | may improve systemic arterial compliance |
[26] Cheng | prospective study | isoflavones extracted from soya bean | no difference in lipoprotein lipids |
[40] Wong | RCT | soy hypocotyl isoflavones | no effect on nitric oxide metabolism or blood pressure |
[41] Suparto | animal study | soy protein | HRT + soy harmful, soy or HRT not beneficial |
[42] Sathyapalan | double blind randomised study | soy protein +/− soy isoflavone | soy protein with isoflavones improved CVR markers compared to soy protein alone |
Metabolic syndrome | |||
[43] Stuenkel | randomized clinical trial | isoflavone supplements | loss of weight and fat mass, but interpretation difficult |
[44] Mueller | in vitro study | PPARgamma binding and transactivational activity | red clover extracts may be used to treat metabolic syndrome |
Cancer risk | |||
[46] Hirose | case-control study | soy products as part of daily intake | lower risk of breast cancer in premenopausal women |
[47] Alipour | case-control study | soy extracts | soy extracts may cause benign changes in breast |
[49] Kang | cohort study | dietary intake of soy isoflavones | lower recurrence in postmenopausal women with estrogen- and progesterone-receptor positive breast cancers receiving anastrazole therapy after surgery |
[50] Shin | case-control study | dietary soyfood and isoflavone intake | reduced risk for overall colorectal cancer |
Urogenital tract | |||
[52] Reed | RCT | black cohosh or dietary soy | no effect on vaginal cytology |
[51] Waetjen | prospective cohort study | dietary intake of isoflavones | no effect on stress or urge incontinence |
[54] Vitale | prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study | isoflavones, calcium, vitamin D, inulin | improves sexual function |
Cognition | |||
[55] Greendale | cohort study | dietary phytoestrogens | better processing speed, but worse verbal memory |
[56] Clement | systematic review | isoflavones and soy | may improve cognition |
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Chen, L.-R.; Ko, N.-Y.; Chen, K.-H. Isoflavone Supplements for Menopausal Women: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2019, 11, 2649. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112649
Chen L-R, Ko N-Y, Chen K-H. Isoflavone Supplements for Menopausal Women: A Systematic Review. Nutrients. 2019; 11(11):2649. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112649
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Li-Ru, Nai-Yu Ko, and Kuo-Hu Chen. 2019. "Isoflavone Supplements for Menopausal Women: A Systematic Review" Nutrients 11, no. 11: 2649. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112649