Morphology, Mechanical, and Water Barrier Properties of Carboxymethyl Rice Starch Films: Sodium Hydroxide Effect
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Degree of Substitution (DS) of CMSr Powder
2.2. Scanning Electron Microscopy of CMSr Powders
2.3. FT-IR of Native Rice Starch Film and CMSr Films
2.4. SEM of Rice Starch Film and CMSr Films
2.5. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) of Native Rice Starch Film and CMSr Films
2.6. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) of Native Rice Starch Film and CMSr Films
2.7. Percentage of Soluble Matter (%SM) of Native Rice Starch Film and CMSr Films
2.8. Contact Angle of Native Rice Starch Film and CMSr Films
2.9. Water Vapor Permeability (WVP)
2.10. Tensile Strength (TS) and Elongation at Break (%E)
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. Synthesis of Carboxymethyl Rice Starch (CMSr)
3.3. Degree of Substitution (DS)
3.4. Preparation of Native Rice Film and CMSr Films
3.5. Characterizations
3.5.1. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR)
3.5.2. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
3.5.3. X-ray Diffraction (XRD)
3.5.4. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
3.5.5. Film Solubility
3.5.6. Dynamic Water Contact Angle
3.5.7. Film Thickness
3.5.8. Water Vapor Permeability
3.5.9. Tensile Strength
3.6. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Samples | Time (s) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | |
Rice starch | | | | | | |
93.9° | 91.3° | 91.9° | 92.3° | 91.5° | 90.9° | |
10% NaOH | | | | | | |
92.4° | 91.0° | 91.5° | 91.3° | 90.8° | 90.6° | |
20% NaOH | | | | | | |
91.6° | 90.4° | 90.4° | 90.8° | 89.7° | 89.5° | |
30% NaOH | | | | | | |
79.8° | 76.4° | 74.7° | 72.3° | 71.1° | 68.7° | |
40% NaOH | | | | | | |
76.0° | 73.3° | 71.1° | 70.4° | 69.7° | 68.1° | |
50% NaOH | | | | | | |
72.5° | 69.8° | 68.2° | 66.6° | 65.6° | 64.3° |
Type of Film | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Elongation at Break (%) |
---|---|---|
0% NaOH-CMSr | 10.75 ± 2.25 a | 7.56 ± 1.72 a |
10% NaOH-CMSr | 9.87 ± 1.42 a | 11.36 ± 2.18 b |
20% NaOH-CMSr | 4.39 ± 1.86 b | 22.98 ± 2.73 c |
30% NaOH-CMSr | 4.46 ± 1.73 b | 29.64 ± 3.08 d |
40% NaOH-CMSr | 2.75 ± 1.28 c | 53.03 ± 4.49 e |
50% NaOH-CMSr | 2.86 ± 1.02 c | 25.08 ± 1.16 c |
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Rachtanapun, P.; Thanakkasaranee, S.; Auras, R.A.; Chaiwong, N.; Jantanasakulwong, K.; Jantrawut, P.; Phimolsiripol, Y.; Seesuriyachan, P.; Leksawasdi, N.; Chaiyaso, T.; et al. Morphology, Mechanical, and Water Barrier Properties of Carboxymethyl Rice Starch Films: Sodium Hydroxide Effect. Molecules 2022, 27, 331. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27020331
Rachtanapun P, Thanakkasaranee S, Auras RA, Chaiwong N, Jantanasakulwong K, Jantrawut P, Phimolsiripol Y, Seesuriyachan P, Leksawasdi N, Chaiyaso T, et al. Morphology, Mechanical, and Water Barrier Properties of Carboxymethyl Rice Starch Films: Sodium Hydroxide Effect. Molecules. 2022; 27(2):331. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27020331
Chicago/Turabian StyleRachtanapun, Pornchai, Sarinthip Thanakkasaranee, Rafael A. Auras, Nareekan Chaiwong, Kittisak Jantanasakulwong, Pensak Jantrawut, Yuthana Phimolsiripol, Phisit Seesuriyachan, Noppol Leksawasdi, Thanongsak Chaiyaso, and et al. 2022. "Morphology, Mechanical, and Water Barrier Properties of Carboxymethyl Rice Starch Films: Sodium Hydroxide Effect" Molecules 27, no. 2: 331. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27020331