Cerium-Promoted Ginsenosides Accumulation by Regulating Endogenous Methyl Jasmonate Biosynthesis in Hairy Roots of Panax ginseng
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Ginseng Hairy Roots Formation
2.2. Growth Index of Ginseng Hairy Roots
2.3. Ce3+ Stimulates Ginsenoside Accumulation in Ginseng Hairy Roots
2.4. Ce3+-Induced ROS Production and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities
2.5. Ce3+-Induced MeJA Accumulation and Its Biosynthesis Key Enzyme Genes Expression
2.6. Ce3+-Induced PgSS, PgSS, PgDDS Expression and Ginsenosides Biosynthesis
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Chemicals, Materials and Treatment
3.2. Determination of Hairy Roots Growth Parameters
3.3. Determination of Ginsenosides Content
3.4. Determination of O2•−, H2O2 and MDA
3.5. Extraction and Assay of Enzyme
3.6. Measurement of JAs Level
3.7. Genes Expression Analysis of Antioxidant Enzymes, Key Enzymes of JAs and Ginsenosides Biosynthesis
3.8. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Ce Concentration mg L−1 | Hairy Roots Growth Parameters | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Average Root Length (mm) | Fresh Weight (g) | Dry Weight (g) | Dry Matter Content (%) | Growth Ratio | |
0 | 3.6 ± 0.1 a | 9.2 ± 0.2 a | 0.8 ± 0.2 a | 8.2 ± 0.3 a | 8.0 ± 0.5 a |
5 | 4.0 ± 0.2 b | 12.7 ± 0.3 b | 1.1 ± 0.1 b | 8.4 ± 0.2 a | 11.2 ± 0.7 b |
10 | 5.1 ± 0.2 c | 16.0 ± 0.5 c | 1.7 ± 0.1 c | 10.8 ± 0.8 b | 13.9 ± 0.7 c |
20 | 5.0 ± 0.1 c | 14.8 ± 0.6 d | 1.6 ± 0.2 c | 11.1 ± 0.9 b | 13.3 ± 0.8 c |
30 | 3.6 ± 0.2 a | 10.7 ± 0.4 e | 1.0 ± 0.2 b | 9.6 ± 0.5 c | 9.2 ± 0.6 d |
40 | 3.4 ± 0.3 a | 8.1 ± 0.3 f | 0.7 ± 0.1 a | 8.5 ± 0.3 a | 6.7 ± 0.5 e |
Ce3+ (mg L−1) | Ginsenoside (mg/g FW) | Total Content(mg/g) | Total Yield (mg) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rb1 | Rb2 | Rc | Rd | Rg1 | Re | |||
0 | 2.2 ± 0.08 a | 0.3 ± 0.01 a | 0.4 ± 0.06 a | 1.9 ± 0.1 a | 2.0 ± 0.1 a | 2.9 ± 0.1 a | 9.6 ± 0.13 a | 88.7 ± 2.1 a |
5 | 2.5 ± 0.07 a | 0.4 ± 0.02 b | 0.6 ± 0.08 b | 2.2 ± 0.1 a | 2.1 ± 0.1 a | 3.1 ± 0.3 a | 10.9 ± 0.4 a | 137.8 ± 5.2 b |
10 | 3.6 ± 0.2 b | 0.5 ± 0.06 b | 1.3 ± 0.1 c | 3.0 ± 0.3 b | 2.6 ± 0.2 b | 3.2 ± 0.4 b | 14.2 ± 0.5 b | 227.6 ± 8.3 c |
20 | 3.9 ± 0.3 b | 0.9 ± 0.08 c | 1.4 ± 0.1 c | 3.9 ± 0.2 c | 2.8 ± 0.1 b | 3.6 ± 0.3 b | 16.4 ± 0.5 c | 242.2 ± 5.6 d |
30 | 3.8 ± 0.2 b | 0.8 ± 0.04 c | 1.4 ± 0.1 c | 3.6 ± 0.2 b | 2.8 ± 0.3 b | 3.4 ± 0.4 b | 15.8 ± 0.3 c | 168.8 ± 6.4 e |
40 | 2.0 ± 0.1 a | 0.3 ± 0.05 a | 0.3 ± 0.06 a | 1.9 ± 0.1 a | 2.0 ± 0.1 a | 2.9 ± 0.3 a | 10.1 ± 0.2 a | 81.7 ± 4.2 a |
Gene | Primer | Sequence (5′ → 3′) |
---|---|---|
PgSOD | Forward | CTAAACCCCTCACCGTCGTC |
Reverse | TTCACTGTAGTTGGGCCGTC | |
PgCAT | Forward | AGATACCGGACTTTTGCGCC |
Reverse | GACACCCATATGCTGCGGAT | |
PgPOD | Forward | GGATTCTTCCACCGCTCCAA |
Reverse | CCTTTGTCGGCGAACGTTTT | |
PgLOX | Forward | CGTGGTGGACAGAAATCCGA |
Reverse | TTGAGGGGTTTTGAGGACGG | |
PgAOS | Forward | CTGCAGGTGGAATTAGCGGA |
Reverse | CATCCGGAGCGATTCGTACA | |
PgOPR | Forward | GATGGCTCTAGCGTTGCAGA |
Reverse | TGACTGTTAACACCTACCGGC | |
PgJMT | Forward | ACAGGAGGCCGAATGGTTTT |
Reverse | CCTTAAGGGCGACGGCTAAT | |
PgSS | Forward | TAGGCATGCGGAAAAGCAGA |
Reverse | TGTTGAATGACGAGGCCGAA | |
PgSE | Forward | TCGCGATCTTCTTAGGCCAC |
Reverse | CCACTGGCTTGCGTAATGTG | |
PgDDS | Forward | CCCTGCAGTGCCTACTGTTA |
Reverse | CTCCCAAACTGCGAAACCAC | |
RolB | Forward | GCTCTTGCAGTGCTAGATTT |
Reverse | GAAGGTGCAAGCTACCTCTC | |
RolC | Forward | CTCCTGACATCAAACTCGTC |
Reverse | TGCTTCGAGTTATGGGTACA | |
β-actin | Forward | TGCCCCAGAAGAGCACCCTGT |
Reverse | AGCATACAGGGAAAGATCGGCTTGA |
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Zhang, R.; Tan, S.; Zhang, B.; Hu, P.; Li, L. Cerium-Promoted Ginsenosides Accumulation by Regulating Endogenous Methyl Jasmonate Biosynthesis in Hairy Roots of Panax ginseng. Molecules 2021, 26, 5623. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26185623
Zhang R, Tan S, Zhang B, Hu P, Li L. Cerium-Promoted Ginsenosides Accumulation by Regulating Endogenous Methyl Jasmonate Biosynthesis in Hairy Roots of Panax ginseng. Molecules. 2021; 26(18):5623. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26185623
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Ru, Shiquan Tan, Bianling Zhang, Pengcheng Hu, and Ling Li. 2021. "Cerium-Promoted Ginsenosides Accumulation by Regulating Endogenous Methyl Jasmonate Biosynthesis in Hairy Roots of Panax ginseng" Molecules 26, no. 18: 5623. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26185623