Dietary Compounds Influencing the Sensorial, Volatile and Phytochemical Properties of Bovine Milk
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Microbial Analyses
2.2. Pasteurized Milk Compositions
2.3. Free Fatty Acid Analyses
2.4. Phytochemical Analyses
2.5. Volatile Analyses (Feed, Raw and Pasteurized Milk)
2.6. Sensory Analyses of Pasteurized Milk Samples
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Feed Samples
3.2. Milk Samples and Processing
3.3. Microbial Analyses
3.4. Raw and Pasteurized Milk Compositions
3.5. Free Fatty Acid Analyses
3.6. Phytochemical Extraction and Analyses
3.7. Volatile Analyses
3.8. Sensory Analyses
3.9. Statistical Analyses
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds analyzed in this study are not available from the authors. |
Compound | LRI 1 | Ref LRI 2 | CAS No. | Grass | Grass/Clover | TMR | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aldehyde | |||||||
2-Methyl butanal | 700 | 700 | 96-17-3 | 6.25 × 108 | 2.03 × 108 | 6.29 × 108 | NS 0.067 |
3-Methyl butanal | 690 | 692 | 590-86-3 | 5.69 × 108 | 7.97 × 108 | 2.28 × 109 | *** <0.001 |
Acetaldehyde | 449 | 452 | 75-07-0 | 1.19 × 108 | 2.73 × 108 | 4.38 × 107 | *** 0.002 |
Butanal | 627 | 622 | 123-72-8 | 8.78 × 107 | 1.81 × 108 | 0.00 × 00 | *** <0.001 |
Decanal | 1251 | 1256 | 112-31-2 | 4.39 × 109 | 4.90 × 109 | 2.08 × 109 | NS 0.315 |
Furfural | 870 | 899 | 98-01-1 | 1.09 × 108 | 4.31 × 107 | 2.20 × 107 | *** 0.017 |
Heptanal | 941 | 943 | 111-71-7 | 1.83 × 109 | 2.75 × 109 | 4.26 × 107 | *** 0.004 |
Hexanal | 837 | 839 | 66-25-1 | 1.69 × 1010 | 3.59 × 1010 | 1.15 × 109 | *** 0.001 |
Nonanal | 1147 | 1150 | 124-19-6 | 2.60 × 109 | 5.02 × 109 | 2.43 × 108 | *** 0.001 |
Octanal | 1044 | 1047 | 124-13-0 | 1.47 × 109 | 2.44 × 109 | 0.00 × 00 | *** 0.001 |
Pentanal | 735 | 733 | 110-62-3 | 1.49 × 109 | 2.07 × 109 | 0.00 × 00 | *** 0.002 |
Propanal | 526 | 523 | 123-38-6 | 1.83 × 108 | 4.92 × 108 | 0.00 × 00 | *** <0.001 |
Methacrolein | 570 | 574 | 78-85-3 | 0.00 × 00 | 6.23 × 106 | 0.00 × 00 | *** 0.006 |
Ketone | |||||||
1-Hydroxy-2-propanone | 734 | 734 | 116-09-6 | 0.00 × 00 | 2.80 × 108 | 4.22 × 107 | *** 0.001 |
2-Butanone | 638 | 639 | 78-93-3 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 1.08 × 108 | NS 0.080 |
2-Heptanone | 932 | 936 | 110-43-0 | 6.22 × 108 | 1.16 × 109 | 2.60 × 108 | *** 0.011 |
2-Hexanone | 831 | 834 | 591-78-6 | 1.10 × 108 | 1.94 × 108 | 0.00 × 00 | *** 0.017 |
2-Nonanone | 1137 | 1140 | 821-55-6 | 1.18 × 109 | 1.61 × 109 | 0.00 × 00 | *** 0.010 |
2-Pentanone | 728 | 730 | 107-87-9 | 5.36 × 108 | 6.40 × 108 | 4.79 × 107 | *** 0.027 |
4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone | 913 | 913 | 123-42-2 | 4.00 × 109 | 3.50 × 109 | 1.43 × 108 | *** 0.027 |
6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one | 1031 | 1034 | 110-93-0 | 7.89 × 108 | 2.84 × 109 | 1.07 × 109 | *** <0.001 |
Acetoin | 778 | 778 | 513-86-0 | 1.33 × 109 | 1.62 × 109 | 2.74 × 108 | NS 0.053 |
Acetone | 532 | 533 | 67-64-1 | 3.31 × 108 | 2.85 × 109 | 5.43 × 107 | *** <0.001 |
Acetophenone | 1141 | 1030 | 98-86-2 | 1.08 × 108 | 1.77 × 108 | 9.55 × 107 | NS 0.188 |
Acetyl valeryl (2,3-heptanedione) | 875 | - | 96-04-8 | 0.00 × 00 | 4.32 × 108 | 0.00 × 00 | *** <0.001 |
Cyclohexanone | 958 | 957 | 108-94-1 | 1.28 × 109 | 1.33 × 109 | 0.00 × 00 | *** 0.017 |
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone | 781 | 784 | 108-10-1 | 1.80 × 108 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | *** <0.001 |
Ester | |||||||
2-Methylbutyl acetate | 906 | 906 | 624-41-9 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 1.44 × 108 | NS 0.076 |
2-Methylbutyl butanoate | 1080 | - | 51115-64-1 | 0.00 × 00 | 8.43 × 106 | 9.70 × 108 | *** 0.005 |
Amyl isobutyrate (or isomer) | 1121 | - | 2445-72-9 | 0.00 × 00 | 2.73 × 109 | 2.60 × 1010 | *** <0.001 |
Amyl propionate | 992 | - | 105-68-0 | 2.59 × 107 | 3.19 × 107 | 6.81 × 108 | *** <0.001 |
Butyl acetate | 842 | 842 | 123-86-4 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 9.12 × 108 | *** <0.001 |
B-Phenylethyl acetate | 1339 | - | 103-45-7 | 0.00 × 00 | 3.75 × 107 | 2.21 × 108 | *** 0.009 |
Dimethyl succinate | 1081 | 1082 | 106-65-0 | 2.91 × 107 | 2.87 × 107 | 0.00 × 00 | *** 0.019 |
Ethyl heptanoate | 1121 | - | 106-30-9 | 6.69 × 107 | 1.13 × 109 | 6.42 × 109 | *** <0.001 |
Ethyl acetate | 641 | 642 | 141-78-6 | 4.27 × 108 | 1.06 × 109 | 1.10 × 109 | *** 0.002 |
Ethyl benzoate | 1229 | - | 93-89-0 | 7.81 × 107 | 7.40 × 107 | 1.37 × 107 | NS 0.083 |
Ethyl butanoate | 823 | 826 | 105-54-4 | 0.00 × 00 | 2.68 × 109 | 3.02 × 1010 | *** <0.001 |
Ethyl decanoate | 1420 | 1422 | 110-38-3 | 0.00 × 00 | 2.22 × 108 | 1.45 × 108 | *** <0.001 |
Ethyl dodecanoate | 1622 | 1621 | 106-33-2 | 0.00 × 00 | 1.93 × 108 | 3.05 × 108 | *** <0.001 |
Ethyl hexanoate | 1021 | 1024 | 123-66-0 | 2.33 × 109 | 8.03 × 109 | 5.44 × 1010 | *** <0.001 |
Ethyl lactate | 861 | 862 | 97-64-3 | 0.00 × 00 | 1.62 × 108 | 2.60 × 109 | *** <0.001 |
Ethyl nonanoate | 1319 | - | 123-29-5 | 0.00 × 00 | 6.26 × 108 | 4.45 × 108 | NS 0.104 |
Ethyl octanoate | 1220 | - | 106-32-1 | 4.51 × 108 | 1.80 × 109 | 4.76 × 109 | *** <0.001 |
Ethyl pentanoate | 923 | 924 | 539-82-2 | 2.25 × 108 | 1.22 × 109 | 1.34 × 1010 | *** <0.001 |
Ethyl propanoate | 735 | 737 | 105-37-3 | 2.65 × 108 | 7.16 ×108 | 1.26 × 109 | *** <0.001 |
Hexyl acetate | 1038 | - | 142-92-7 | 1.83 × 108 | 3.43 × 108 | 2.09 × 109 | *** <0.001 |
Isoamyl acetate | 902 | 902 | 123-92-2 | 2.48 × 108 | 3.21 × 108 | 5.19 × 108 | *** 0.029 |
Isoamyl isobutanoate | 1038 | - | 2050-01-3 | 3.07 × 107 | 8.29 × 106 | 2.96 × 109 | *** <0.001 |
Isobutyl butyrate | 978 | - | 539-90-2 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 7.09 × 108 | *** <0.001 |
Isopentyl hexanoate | 1276 | - | 2198-61-0 | 0.00 × 00 | 2.15 × 107 | 6.22 × 108 | *** <0.001 |
Methyl butanoate | 748 | - | 623-42-7 | 9.77 × 107 | 9.73 × 108 | 3.04 × 109 | *** <0.001 |
Methyl decanoate | 1351 | - | 110-42-9 | 0.00 × 00 | 2.91 × 108 | 0.00 × 00 | *** <0.001 |
Methyl dodecanoate | 1550 | - | 111-82-0 | 0.00 × 00 | 1.19 × 108 | 6.07 × 107 | *** <0.001 |
Methyl hexanoate | 949 | - | 106-70-7 | 5.52 × 108 | 7.42 × 109 | 1.13 × 1010 | *** <0.001 |
Methyl propionate | 657 | - | 554-12-1 | 1.95 × 107 | 1.63 × 108 | 1.08 × 108 | *** <0.001 |
n-Propyl acetate | 739 | - | 109-60-4 | 1.60 × 109 | 1.97 × 109 | 3.43 × 109 | *** 0.008 |
Pentyl acetate | 901 | - | 628-63-7 | 6.38 × 108 | 1.72 × 108 | 7.74 × 108 | *** 0.012 |
Propyl 2-methylbutanoate | 969 | - | 37064-20-3 | 3.67 × 107 | 5.63 × 107 | 0.00 × 00 | NS 0.112 |
Propyl butyrate | 921 | - | 644-49-5 | 2.57 × 109 | 3.56 × 109 | 3.28 × 1010 | *** <0.001 |
Propyl hexanoate | 1118 | - | 626-77-7 | 1.53 × 109 | 3.07 × 109 | 3.57 × 1010 | *** <0.001 |
Alcohol | *** <0.001 | ||||||
1-Hexanol | 903 | 916 | 111-27-3 | 7.07 × 108 | 1.95 × 109 | 8.42 × 108 | NS 0.502 |
1-Octanol | 1112 | 1118 | 111-87-5 | 1.56 × 109 | 2.39 × 109 | 0.00 × 00 | *** 0.008 |
1-Pentanol | 816 | 815 | 71-41-0 | 1.02 × 109 | 1.30 × 109 | 0.00 × 00 | *** 0.018 |
1-Propanol | 612 | 612 | 71-23-8 | 2.10 × 109 | 3.68 × 109 | 1.06 × 109 | *** 0.007 |
1-Methoxy-2-propanol | 713 | 713 | 107-98-2 | 4.91 × 108 | 4.80 × 108 | 1.49 × 107 | *** 0.043 |
2-Methyl-1-butanol | 783 | 789 | 137-32-6 | 2.75 × 108 | 3.89 × 108 | 2.77 × 108 | NS 0.418 |
2-Methyl-1-propanol | 678 | 678 | 78-83-1 | 4.48 × 107 | 8.06 × 107 | 7.45 × 106 | *** 0.005 |
2-Methyl propanol | 609 | - | 78-84-2 | 6.69 × 107 | 7.84 × 107 | 0.00 × 00 | NS 0.112 |
2-Butanol | 648 | 648 | 78-92-2 | 4.15 × 108 | 6.63 × 108 | 1.28 × 108 | *** 0.005 |
3-Methyl-1-butanol | 783 | 784 | 123-51-3 | 2.41 × 108 | 1.54 × 108 | 2.45 × 107 | *** 0.043 |
Ethanol | 506 | 506 | 64-17-5 | 1.23 × 109 | 4.60 × 109 | 1.33 × 109 | *** <0.001 |
Isopropyl Alcohol | 543 | - | 67-63-0 | 6.64 × 107 | 1.23 × 108 | 1.80 × 107 | *** 0.011 |
Phenylethyl Alcohol | 1199 | - | 60-12-8 | 0.00 × 00 | 9.02 × 107 | 8.73 × 108 | *** <0.001 |
Acid | |||||||
2,2-Dimethyl-propanoic acid | 837 | 869 | 75-98-9 | 0.00 × 00 | 2.13 × 108 | 0.00 × 00 | *** 0.004 |
3-Methyl-butanoic acid | 918 | - | 503-74-2 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 1.04 × 1010 | *** <0.001 |
Acetic acid | 690 | 690 | 64-19-7 | 8.94 × 109 | 1.02 × 1010 | 9.85 × 1010 | *** <0.001 |
Butanoic acid | 864 | 864 | 107-92-6 | 8.80 × 109 | 9.17 × 109 | 1.04 × 1011 | *** <0.001 |
Pentanoic acid | 995 | - | 109-52-4 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 2.51 × 1010 | *** <0.001 |
Propanoic acid | 778 | 802 | 79-09-4 | 1.51 × 109 | 1.09 × 109 | 2.02 × 1010 | *** <0.001 |
Hexanoic acid | 1052 | 1052 | 142-62-1 | 3.23 × 109 | 2.90 × 109 | 2.49 × 1010 | *** <0.001 |
Fatty acid esters | *** <0.001 | ||||||
Propanoic acid, butyl ester | 931 | - | 590-01-2 | 1.79 × 108 | 0.00 × 00 | 9.44 × 108 | *** <0.001 |
Butanoic acid, butyl ester | 978 | - | 109-21-7 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 6.04 × 109 | *** <0.001 |
Terpene | |||||||
3-Carene | 1035 | 1027 | 13466-78-9 | 5.45 × 107 | 2.41 × 107 | 0.00 × 00 | NS 0.084 |
α-Pinene | 954 | 951 | 80-56-8 | 1.34 × 107 | 0.00 × 00 | 8.17 × 106 | NS 0.270 |
Cumene | 991 | - | 98-82-8 | 6.13 × 107 | 1.11 × 108 | 5.04 × 107 | NS 0.166 |
Mesitylene | 1029 | - | 108-67-8 | 8.64 × 108 | 2.03 × 109 | 1.11 × 107 | *** 0.044 |
Furan | |||||||
2-Ethyl furan | 717 | 720 | 3208-16-0 | 4.50 × 108 | 1.25 × 109 | 1.89 × 107 | *** <0.001 |
2-Methyl furan | 615 | 615 | 534-22-5 | 1.64 × 107 | 4.55 × 107 | 0.00 × 00 | *** 0.005 |
2-Pentyl furan | 1010 | 1012 | 3777-69-3 | 1.12 × 109 | 2.52 × 109 | 5.17 × 108 | *** 0.004 |
2-n-Butyl furan | 917 | - | 4466-24-4 | 0.00 × 00 | 6.00 × 107 | 0.00 × 00 | NS 0.079 |
2,4-Dimethyl furan | 733 | - | 3710-43-8 | 3.27 × 107 | 3.11 × 107 | 0.00 × 00 | *** 0.019 |
Hydrocarbon | |||||||
1,3-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-benzene | 1284 | - | 1014-60-4 | 1.31 × 1011 | 1.73 × 1011 | 5.81 × 1010 | NS 0.060 |
2,4-Dimethyl-benzaldehyde | 1305 | - | 15764-16-6 | 7.46 × 108 | 9.18 × 108 | 2.93 × 108 | *** 0.019 |
Benzaldehyde | 1027 | 1032 | 100-52-7 | 3.41 × 109 | 3.44 × 109 | 2.05 × 109 | NS 0.466 |
Benzothiazole | 1320 | - | 95-16-9 | 4.06 × 108 | 6.04 × 108 | 5.28 × 108 | NS 0.156 |
Ethylbenzene | 897 | 890 | 100-41-4 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 6.02 × 107 | *** <0.001 |
Mesitylene | 1028 | - | 108-67-8 | 8.64 × 108 | 2.03 × 109 | 1.11 × 107 | *** 0.044 |
o-Cymene | 1056 | - | 527-84-4 | 1.72 × 107 | 4.73 × 106 | 0.00 × 00 | NS 0.055 |
o-xylene | 925 | 916 | 95-47-6 | 1.09 × 108 | 9.63 × 108 | 0.00 × 00 | NS 0.108 |
p-Xylene | 895 | 895 | 106-42-3 | 7.52 × 108 | 1.32 × 109 | 5.47 × 108 | NS 0.146 |
p-Cresol | 1193 | - | 106-44-5 | 4.52 × 108 | 2.89 × 108 | 4.40 × 108 | NS 0.113 |
Styrene | 927 | 929 | 100-42-5 | 1.21 × 108 | 2.37 × 108 | 1.07 × 108 | NS 0.078 |
tert-Butylbenzene | 1024 | - | 98-06-6 | 4.74 × 108 | 6.60 × 108 | 1.53 × 108 | *** 0.037 |
Toluene | 792 | 794 | 108-88-3 | 8.30 × 107 | 1.31 × 108 | 3.62 × 107 | *** 0.040 |
Phenolic | |||||||
Phenol | 1096 | 1112 | 108-95-2 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 5.87 × 108 | *** <0.001 |
2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol | 1150 | - | 7786-61-0 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 3.98 × 107 | *** <0.001 |
Sulfur | |||||||
Dimethyl sulfide | 537 | 538 | 75-18-3 | 1.78 × 108 | 2.90 × 108 | 6.17 × 107 | *** 0.004 |
Dimethyl sulfone | 1054 | 1055 | 67-71-0 | 2.21 × 108 | 6.32 × 107 | 0.00 × 00 | *** 0.014 |
Methanethiol | 459 | 462 | 74-93-1 | 9.29 × 106 | 1.02 × 107 | 8.84 × 106 | NS 0.855 |
Ether | |||||||
Vinylisopentyl ether | 765 | - | 39782-38-2 | 1.10 × 108 | 2.89 × 108 | 3.71 × 107 | *** 0.033 |
Lactone | |||||||
y-Hexalactone | 1166 | - | 695-06-7 | 8.51 × 108 | 1.07 × 109 | 4.06 × 108 | *** 0.040 |
y-Nonalactone | 1489 | - | 104-61-0 | 4.69 × 108 | 6.44 × 108 | 3.75 × 108 | NS 0.279 |
Pyrazine | |||||||
2,3,5-Trimethyl-6-ethylpyrazine | 1190 | - | 17398-16-2 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 1.48 × 108 | *** <0.001 |
2,3-Dimethyl-pyrazine | 961 | - | 5910-89-4 | 1.27 × 108 | 3.77 × 107 | 1.33 × 109 | *** <0.001 |
3-Ethyl-2,5-dimethyl-pyrazine | 1055 | - | 5910-89-4 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 4.71 × 107 | *** <0.001 |
Pyrazine | 771 | - | 290-37-9 | 5.46 × 107 | 5.55 × 107 | 4.79 × 107 | NS 0.847 |
Trimethyl-pyrazine | 1041 | 1041 | 14667-55-1 | 8.50 × 107 | 3.89 × 107 | 9.03 × 108 | *** <0.001 |
Compound | CAS No. | LRI 1 | Grass d 3 | Grass/Clover d 3 | TMR d 3 | Grass d 9 | Grass/Clover d 9 | TMR Day 9 | Grass d 14 | Grass/Clover d 14 | TMR Day 14 | p-Value | p-Value (Grass) | p-Value (Grass/Clover) | p-Value (TMR) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aldehyde | |||||||||||||||
(E)-2-Octenal (or isomer) | 2548-87-0 | 1094 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 1.74 × 107 | 7.29 × 107 | 2.51 × 108 | 2.22 × 107 | 2.85 × 108 | 1.11 × 109 | 2.18 × 108 | * <0.001 | NS 0.051 | * 0.003 | * 0.05 |
(Z)-2-Heptenal (or isomer) | 57266-86-1 | 1012 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 2.03 × 107 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | * <0.001 | ND | ND | * 0.006 |
Acetaldehyde | 75-07-0 | 449 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 2.85 × 107 | 0.00 × 00 | 2.40 × 106 | * 0.029 | NS 0.302 | ND | NS 0.129 |
3-Methyl-butanal | 590-86-3 | 690 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 9.93 × 107 | 7.12 × 108 | 1.75 × 107 | * <0.001 | * <0.001 | * <0.001 | * 0.002 |
Decanal | 112-31-2 | 1250 | 1.47 × 107 | 1.29 × 107 | 3.26 × 106 | 8.28 × 106 | 5.23 × 106 | 4.97 × 106 | 1.18 × 107 | 3.73 × 106 | 3.52 × 106 | NS 0.477 | NS 0.658 | NS 0.515 | NS 0.736 |
Heptanal | 111-71-7 | 941 | 1.09 × 108 | 1.08 × 108 | 1.49 × 108 | 1.06 × 107 | 1.72 × 106 | 7.27 × 108 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | * <0.001 | * 0.001 | * <0.001 | * <0.001 |
Hexanal | 66-25-1 | 838 | 3.69 × 108 | 4.02 × 108 | 1.72 × 109 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 3.56 × 109 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | * <0.001 | * 0.000 | * <0.001 | * <0.001 |
Nonanal | 124-19-6 | 1147 | 5.31 × 107 | 5.02 × 107 | 6.91 × 107 | 3.66 × 107 | 2.81 × 107 | 1.23 × 108 | 3.98 × 107 | 1.90 × 107 | 3.44 × 107 | * <0.001 | NS 0.259 | * <0.001 | * <0.001 |
Octanal | 124-13-0 | 1044 | 2.22 × 107 | 3.11 × 107 | 4.02 × 107 | 1.21 × 107 | 0.00 × 00 | 8.73 × 107 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | * <0.001 | * 0.007 | * 0.009 | * <0.001 |
Pentanal | 110-62-3 | 733 | 1.39 × 108 | 1.96 × 108 | 9.84 × 106 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 1.82 × 108 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | * <0.001 | * <0.001 | * <0.001 | * <0.001 |
Ketone | |||||||||||||||
2-Butanone | 78-93-3 | 637 | 3.86 × 107 | 1.05 × 108 | 1.49 × 108 | 5.86 × 107 | 1.11 × 108 | 1.48 × 108 | 2.64 × 107 | 9.64 × 107 | 7.42 × 107 | * <0.001 | NS 0.127 | * 0.007 | * <0.001 |
2-Heptanone | 110-43-0 | 933 | 3.37 × 107 | 3.60 × 107 | 3.20 × 107 | 4.37 × 108 | 8.14 × 108 | 4.67 × 107 | 1.52 × 109 | 3.63 × 109 | 9.04 × 109 | * <0.001 | * <0.001 | * <0.001 | * <0.001 |
2-Hexanone | 591-78-6 | 831 | 1.77 × 107 | 9.14 × 106 | 8.93 × 106 | 2.33 × 107 | 2.96 × 107 | 2.35 × 106 | 2.63 × 107 | 6.70 × 107 | 8.27 × 107 | * <0.001 | NS 0.603 | * <0.001 | * <0.001 |
2-Nonanone | 821-55-6 | 1137 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 2.25 × 108 | 1.49 × 108 | 0.00 × 00 | 5.16 × 108 | 5.69 × 108 | 2.46 × 109 | * <0.001 | * 0.005 | * 0.002 | * <0.001 |
2-Octanone | 111-13-7 | 1034 | 6.82 × 106 | 1.01 × 107 | 1.13 × 107 | 1.04 × 107 | 2.62 × 107 | 2.21 × 106 | 2.31 × 107 | 5.00 × 107 | 5.10 × 107 | * <0.001 | * 0.027 | * <0.001 | * 0.001 |
2-Pentanone | 107-87-9 | 727 | 5.70 × 107 | 5.47 × 107 | 5.36 × 107 | 1.06 × 108 | 2.17 × 108 | 4.00 × 107 | 1.94 × 108 | 5.48 × 108 | 6.91 × 108 | * <0.001 | * <0.001 | * <0.001 | * <0.001 |
2-Undecanone | 112-12-9 | 1353 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 5.97 × 106 | 4.63 × 105 | 0.00 × 00 | 3.82 × 107 | 1.52 × 107 | 2.78 × 108 | * <0.001 | NS 0.262 | * 0.047 | * <0.001 |
2,3-Pentanedione | 600-14-6 | 736 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 2.03 × 108 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | * <0.001 | ND | ND | * 0.007 |
3,5-(E,E)-Octadien-2-one (or isomer) | 30086-02-3 | 1130 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 1.17 × 107 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | * <0.001 | ND | ND | * 0.015 |
3-Hexen-2-one | 763-93-9 | 839 | 6.97 × 106 | 7.68 × 106 | 2.76 × 106 | 1.59 × 107 | 1.54 × 107 | 0.00 × 00 | 1.53 × 107 | 8.90 × 106 | 1.58 × 107 | NS 0.177 | NS 0.557 | NS 0.517 | NS 0.051 |
4-Methyl-3-pentene-2-one (tentative) | 141-79-7 | 839 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 1.15 × 107 | 5.55 × 106 | 0.00 × 00 | 9.92 × 106 | 1.23 × 107 | 1.58 × 107 | * 0.047 | NS 0.500 | ND 0.065 | * 0.025 |
5-Hepten-2-one (tentative) | 6714-00-7 | 921 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 2.42 × 107 | 5.23 × 107 | * <0.001 | ND | * <0.001 | * <0.001 |
Acetone | 67-64-1 | 532 | 9.16 × 108 | 8.04 × 108 | 1.14 × 109 | 7.81 × 108 | 7.97 × 108 | 1.22 × 109 | 3.00 × 108 | 7.20 × 108 | 6.65 × 108 | * <0.001 | * 0.003 | NS 0.538 | * <0.001 |
Acetophenone | 98-86-2 | 1030 | 6.38 × 106 | 2.05 × 106 | 1.64 × 106 | 0.00 × 00 | 4.23 × 106 | 3.22 × 106 | 1.77 × 106 | 1.06 × 106 | 0.00 × 00 | * 0.044 | NS 0.114 | NS 0.113 | NS 0.251 |
Cyclohexanone | 110-82-7 | 956 | 7.99 × 106 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 1.37 × 107 | 1.67 × 106 | 0.00 × 00 | 6.52 × 106 | 1.33 × 106 | 1.33 × 106 | * 0.046 | NS 0.728 | NS 0.623 | NS 0.422 |
Acetyl valeryl (2,3-heptanedione) | 96-04-8 | 875 | 3.78 × 105 | 2.52 × 105 | 4.29 × 105 | 3.31 × 106 | 3.56 × 107 | 1.77 × 105 | 0.00 × 00 | 2.39 × 107 | 1.31 × 106 | * <0.001 | NS 0.194 | * 0.001 | NS 0.582 |
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone | 108-10-1 | 780 | 2.05 × 108 | 1.47 × 108 | 2.00 × 108 | 2.14 × 108 | 1.73 × 108 | 2.46 × 108 | 1.74 × 108 | 1.78 × 108 | 1.75 × 108 | * <0.001 | * 0.035 | * 0.023 | * 0.006 |
Ester | |||||||||||||||
Ethyl heptanoate | 106-30-9 | 1120 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 4.08 × 107 | 0.00 × 00 | 1.35 × 108 | * <0.001 | * <0.001 | ND | * <0.001 |
Ethyl (Z)-2-butenoate | 6776-19-8 | 875 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 4.12 × 108 | 2.51 × 106 | 1.54 × 108 | * <0.001 | * <0.001 | NS 0.422 | * <0.001 |
Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate | 7452-79-1 | 872 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 2.38 × 107 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | * <0.001 | * <0.001 | ND | ND |
Ethyl 3-methylbutanoate | 108-64-5 | 876 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 1.81 × 108 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | * <0.001 | * <0.001 | ND | ND |
Ethyl acetate | 141-78-6 | 639 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 2.02 × 107 | 8.47 × 106 | 0.00 × 00 | 2.44 × 108 | 6.08 × 107 | 1.85 × 108 | * <0.001 | * <0.001 | * <0.001 | * <0.001 |
Ethyl butanoate | 105-54-4 | 823 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 6.10 × 109 | 0.00 × 00 | 1.02 × 1010 | * <0.001 | * <0.001 | ND | * <0.001 |
Ethyl decanoate | 110-38-3 | 1419 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 4.30 × 108 | 9.37 × 106 | 1.59 × 109 | * <0.001 | * 0.019 | NS 0.155 | * <0.001 |
Ethyl hexanoate | 123-66-0 | 1021 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 4.18 × 108 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 6.90 × 109 | 2.80 × 107 | 8.91 × 109 | * <0.001 | * <0.001 | * 0.005 | * <0.001 |
Ethyl octanoate | 106-32-1 | 1220 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 7.85 × 108 | 3.72 × 106 | 3.07 × 109 | * <0.001 | * <0.001 | NS 0.105 | * <0.001 |
Ethyl pentanoate | 539-82-2 | 923 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 5.50 × 107 | 0.00 × 00 | 8.08 × 107 | * <0.001 | * 0.001 | ND | * <0.001 |
Ethyl propanoate | 105-37-3 | 735 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 4.73 × 106 | 0.00 × 00 | 2.51 × 107 | * <0.001 | NS 0.465 | ND | * <0.001 |
Methyl butanoate | 623-42-7 | 747 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 2.25 × 106 | 4.90 × 106 | 0.00 × 00 | 9.84 × 105 | 2.78 × 107 | 1.47 × 107 | * <0.001 | NS 0.590 | * <0.001 | * <0.001 |
Methyl decanoate | 110-42-9 | 1350 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 2.52 × 106 | NS 0.084 | ND | ND | NS 0.143 |
Methyl hexanoate | 106-70-7 | 949 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 1.34 × 106 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 3.65 × 106 | 0.00 × 00 | 3.00 × 107 | * <0.001 | NS 0.244 | ND | * <0.001 |
Methyl methacrylate | 80-62-6 | 736 | 7.47 × 106 | 2.22 × 106 | 3.88 × 106 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | * 0.002 | * <0.001 | NS 0.422 | * <0.001 |
Alcohol | |||||||||||||||
1-Butanol | 71-36-3 | 715 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 4.08 × 106 | 7.33 × 105 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | * 0.040 | ND | NS 0.080 | NS 0.422 |
2-Methyl-1-butanol | 137-32-6 | 765 | 2.27 × 107 | 2.15 × 107 | 1.97 × 107 | 2.23 × 107 | 2.02 × 107 | 1.95 × 107 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 1.18 × 108 | * <0.001 | * 0.003 | * 0.003 | * <0.001 |
3-Methyl-1-butanol | 123-51-3 | 767 | 5.73 × 107 | 6.92 × 107 | 1.11 × 108 | 5.48 × 107 | 3.01 × 107 | 5.04 × 107 | 1.05 × 109 | 2.56 × 109 | 3.33 × 108 | * <0.001 | * 0.011 | * <0.001 | * <0.001 |
1-Hexanol | 111-27-3 | 894 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 5.83 × 107 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | * <0.001 | ND | NS 0.080 | * 0.004 |
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol | 104-76-7 | 1075 | 3.69 × 107 | 3.34 × 107 | 1.96 × 107 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | * <0.001 | * <0.001 | * 0.001 | NS 0.108 |
1-Octanol | 111-87-5 | 1116 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 2.06 × 107 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 2.22 × 107 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | * <0.001 | ND | ND | * 0.012 |
1-Pentanol | 71-41-0 | 794 | 6.10 × 107 | 9.15 × 107 | 1.57 × 107 | 2.95 × 107 | 5.39 × 107 | 8.62 × 107 | 0.00 × 00 | 2.52 × 106 | 2.52 × 107 | * <0.001 | NS 0.075 | * <0.001 | * <0.001 |
Ethanol | 64-17-5 | 505 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 1.35 × 107 | 0.00 × 00 | 2.10 × 108 | 4.36 × 108 | 1.14 × 109 | * 0.000 | * 0.005 | NS 0.070 | * 0.003 |
Isopropyl Alcohol | 67-63-0 | 541 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 2.54 × 107 | 2.33 × 107 | 0.00 × 00 | 4.29 × 107 | 2.82 × 107 | 6.11 × 107 | * <0.001 | NS 0.194 | NS 0.146 | * <0.001 |
Acid | |||||||||||||||
Butanoic acid | 107-92-6 | 863 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 9.61 × 108 | NS 0.526 | ND | ND | NS 0.385 |
Hexanoic acid | 142-62-1 | 1052 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 2.70 × 108 | 0.00 × 00 | 6.72 × 109 | NS 0.371 | NS 0.259 | ND | NS 0.306 |
Octanoic acid | 124-07-2 | 1245 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 1.67 × 109 | NS 0.471 | ND | ND | NS 0.358 |
Propanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 3-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethylpentyl ester | 77-68-9 | 1460 | 6.78 × 107 | 5.62 × 107 | 3.46 × 107 | 1.62 × 107 | 2.71 × 107 | 1.01 × 107 | 3.01 × 107 | 5.71 × 106 | 7.09 × 105 | * 0.003 | NS 0.026 | * 0.015 | NS 0.181 |
Terpene | |||||||||||||||
3-Carene | 13466-78-9 | 1035 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 1.34 × 107 | 0.00 × 00 | 9.50 × 105 | 7.02 × 106 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | NS 0.144 | ND | NS 0.144 | NS 0.285 |
α-Pinene | 80-56-8 | 953 | 7.81 × 106 | 6.03 × 106 | 4.56 × 106 | 7.50 × 107 | 6.39 × 107 | 4.88 × 107 | 1.62 × 107 | 2.73 × 107 | 1.10 × 107 | * <0.001 | * 0.001 | * 0.012 | * 0.003 |
Cumene | 98-82-8 | 990 | 2.26 × 106 | 2.80 × 106 | 3.47 × 106 | 5.58 × 106 | 7.86 × 106 | 3.13 × 106 | 3.71 × 106 | 1.06 × 107 | 1.64 × 107 | * 0.035 | NS 0.323 | NS 0.220 | * 0.037 |
D-Limonene | 5989-27-5 | 1055 | 0.00 × 00 | 2.78 × 107 | 1.61 × 107 | 1.26 × 106 | 3.05 × 105 | 1.77 × 107 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | * <0.001 | NS 0.465 | * <0.001 | 0.013 |
Mesitylene | 108-67-8 | 1028 | 4.47 × 107 | 3.71 × 107 | 5.38 × 107 | 5.14 × 107 | 4.54 × 107 | 2.98 × 107 | 7.23 × 107 | 6.79 × 107 | 8.22 × 107 | * 0.017 | NS 0.104 | NS 0.070 | * 0.042 |
trans-β-Ocimene (or isomer) | 3779-61-1 | 1035 | 0.00 × 00 | 1.74 × 107 | 1.34 × 107 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 1.77 × 107 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | * 0.020 | ND | NS 0.088 | NS 0.067 |
Furan | |||||||||||||||
2,4-Dimethylfuran | 3710-43-8 | 732 | 8.90 × 106 | 3.64 × 106 | 7.27 × 106 | 1.11 × 107 | 1.36 × 107 | 0.00 × 00 | 8.34 × 106 | 1.56 × 107 | 1.17 × 107 | * <0.001 | NS 0.357 | * <0.001 | * <0.001 |
2,5-Dimethylfuran | 625-86-5 | 734 | 8.90 × 106 | 3.64 × 106 | 7.27 × 106 | 1.11 × 107 | 1.36 × 107 | 0.00 × 00 | 8.34 × 106 | 1.56 × 107 | 1.17 × 107 | * <0.001 | NS 0.357 | * 0.002 | * <0.001 |
2-Ethylfuran | 3208-16-0 | 717 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 3.04 × 106 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | NS 0.090 | ND | NS 0.422 | NS 0.172 |
Hydrocarbon | |||||||||||||||
2,6-Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-(1-oxopropyl)phenol (tentative) | 14035-34-8 | 1684 | 1.13 × 107 | 1.88 × 107 | 1.35 × 107 | 2.41 × 107 | 3.89 × 107 | 2.39 × 107 | 5.18 × 106 | 1.63 × 107 | 2.83 × 107 | * 0.012 | NS 0.347 | * 0.008 | NS 0.171 |
2,4-Dimethyl-benzaldehyde | 15764-16-6 | 1305 | 6.81 × 106 | 2.24 × 106 | 2.48 × 106 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | * <0.001 | * <0.001 | * 0.028 | * 0.028 |
Benzene | 71-43-2 | 684 | 2.55 × 106 | 2.57 × 106 | 4.69 × 106 | 3.63 × 106 | 8.95 × 107 | 1.98 × 105 | 3.21 × 106 | 4.13 × 107 | 2.80 × 106 | * <0.001 | NS 0.943 | * 0.017 | NS 0.232 |
1,2,3-Trimethyl-benzene | 526-73-8 | 1028 | 4.47 × 107 | 3.71 × 107 | 5.38 × 107 | 5.14 × 107 | 4.54 × 107 | 2.98 × 107 | 7.23 × 107 | 6.79 × 107 | 8.22 × 107 | * 0.017 | NS 0.104 | NS 0.070 | * 0.042 |
1,3-Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-benzene | 1014-60-4 | 1284 | 3.49 × 108 | 3.08 × 108 | 2.33 × 108 | 3.67 × 108 | 3.10 × 108 | 2.01 × 108 | 4.52 × 108 | 4.41 × 108 | 6.52 × 108 | * <0.001 | NS 0.185 | * 0.007 | * <0.001 |
Ethylbenzene | 100-41-4 | 897 | 1.01 × 108 | 8.28 × 107 | 9.66 × 107 | 1.69 × 108 | 2.08 × 108 | 7.05 × 107 | 2.07 × 108 | 3.05 × 108 | 3.32 × 108 | * <0.001 | * 0.004 | * <0.001 | * <0.001 |
o-Cymene | 527-84-4 | 1055 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 5.76 × 106 | 3.30 × 106 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | * <0.001 | * <0.001 | NS 0.128 | ND |
p-Cresol | 106-44-5 | 1182 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 8.49 × 108 | 3.62 × 108 | 2.48 × 108 | 6.35 × 107 | 5.22 × 107 | 5.46 × 107 | * <0.001 | * 0.003 | * <0.001 | * <0.001 |
p-Xylene | 106-42-3 | 895 | 1.01 × 108 | 8.28 × 107 | 9.66 × 107 | 1.69 × 108 | 2.08 × 108 | 7.05 × 107 | 2.07 × 108 | 3.05 × 108 | 3.32 × 108 | * <0.001 | * 0.004 | * <0.001 | * <0.001 |
Styrene | 100-42-5 | 927 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 6.15 × 106 | 0.00 × 00 | 2.92 × 106 | 4.11 × 106 | 0.00 × 00 | 8.62 × 106 | NS 0.223 | NS 0.631 | ND | NS 0.214 |
tert-Butylbenzene | 98-06-6 | 1024 | 9.63 × 106 | 8.24 × 106 | 6.27 × 106 | 8.48 × 106 | 6.51 × 106 | 3.21 × 106 | 8.80 × 106 | 1.23 × 107 | 1.32 × 107 | NS 0.072 | NS 0.815 | NS 0.223 | * 0.044 |
Toluene | 108-88-3 | 792 | 1.94 × 109 | 1.27 × 109 | 4.98 × 107 | 1.97 × 109 | 1.41 × 109 | 4.51 × 107 | 1.59 × 109 | 1.22 × 109 | 4.97 × 107 | * <0.001 | NS 0.075 | * 0.008 | NS 0.695 |
Phenolic | |||||||||||||||
Phenol | 108-95-2 | 1093 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 4.65 × 106 | 0.00 × 00 | 5.29 × 106 | 9.74 × 106 | 0.00 × 00 | 5.77 × 106 | * 0.021 | NS 0.205 | ND | NS 0.220 |
2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol | 96-76-4 | 1595 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 5.79 × 107 | 1.39 × 107 | 1.38 × 107 | 2.37 × 107 | 2.00 × 106 | 1.01 × 107 | * 0.043 | NS 0.363 | NS 0.065 | NS 0.130 |
Sulfur | |||||||||||||||
Dimethyl sulfide | 75-18-3 | 536 | 1.11 × 107 | 1.05 × 107 | 6.30 × 106 | 2.39 × 107 | 1.75 × 107 | 0.00 × 00 | 1.66 × 108 | 1.38 × 108 | 5.51 × 107 | * <0.001 | * <0.001 | * <0.001 | * <0.001 |
Dimethyl sulfone | 67-71-0 | 1052 | 3.96 × 107 | 2.94 × 107 | 0.00 × 00 | 3.88 × 107 | 2.80 × 107 | 0.00 × 00 | 3.60 × 107 | 2.41 × 107 | 0.00 × 00 | * <0.001 | NS 0.961 | NS 0.675 | ND |
Dimethyl disulfide | 624-92-0 | 776 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | * 0.033 | ND | NS 0.093 | NS 0.422 |
Methanethiol | 74-93-1 | 459 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 4.79 × 107 | 0.00 × 00 | * <0.001 | ND | * 0.013 | ND |
Ether | |||||||||||||||
Ethyl ether | 60-29-7 | 514 | 1.86 × 107 | 1.09 × 107 | 6.58 × 106 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | * 0.006 | NS 0.013 | NS 0.086 | NS 0.232 |
Vinylisopentyl ether | 39782-38-2 | 767 | 5.73 × 107 | 7.61 × 107 | 7.42 × 107 | 4.76 × 107 | 3.01 × 107 | 2.71 × 107 | 0.00 × 00 | 0.00 × 00 | 1.35 × 108 | NS 0.377 | NS 0.645 | NS 0.234 | NS 0.337 |
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Clarke, H.J.; Griffin, C.; Rai, D.K.; O’Callaghan, T.F.; O’Sullivan, M.G.; Kerry, J.P.; Kilcawley, K.N. Dietary Compounds Influencing the Sensorial, Volatile and Phytochemical Properties of Bovine Milk. Molecules 2020, 25, 26. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010026
Clarke HJ, Griffin C, Rai DK, O’Callaghan TF, O’Sullivan MG, Kerry JP, Kilcawley KN. Dietary Compounds Influencing the Sensorial, Volatile and Phytochemical Properties of Bovine Milk. Molecules. 2020; 25(1):26. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010026
Chicago/Turabian StyleClarke, Holly J., Carol Griffin, Dilip K. Rai, Tom F. O’Callaghan, Maurice G. O’Sullivan, Joseph P. Kerry, and Kieran N. Kilcawley. 2020. "Dietary Compounds Influencing the Sensorial, Volatile and Phytochemical Properties of Bovine Milk" Molecules 25, no. 1: 26. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010026